Despite a ban on international trade in parts and derivatives of endangered species, illegal killing, trading, and consumption of endangered wild animals have continued to be the major causes of their rapid decline. The numbers of some endangered species (e.g., tigers, rhinos, elephants, marine turtles etc.) have been declining at an alarming rate in recent decades due to the rising wealth and increasing desire to display their wealth in East and Southeast Asian countries, including China.

Social marketing, a behaviour change discipline that originated in marketing, has contributed to a better world delivering positive health, environmental and social outcomes over the past 60 years. While successes are documented, failures are also evident, and delivery of cost-efficient, feasible, and maintainable programs has been called for. While the benefits of applying social marketing benchmark criteria (BC) are verified, roadmaps for how to apply BC in behaviour change program design are not apparent. This paper marks a first attempt at applying BC to co-create a social marketing program. A conceptual model that applies eight BC across four studies; 1) Systematic quantitative literature review, 2) Segmentation study, 3) Expert panel reviews, and 4) Co-design workshops is proposed. This paper offers a reseacrh process that researchers and/or practitioners can apply to develop behaviour change programs with the aim of achieving enhanced program outcomes. Moving forward the proposed model will need to be tested and replicated in field to verify the effectiveness of applying eight BC within the program design process.

High-performance vehicles with V6 or higher are designed with a dual exhaust system to satisfy both performance and quietness at the same time, and have a confluence geometry for the purpose of stably maintaining the back pressure inside the pipe. The exhaust system generates noise and vibration under the influence of the rotating engine. In particular, in a state such as idling, vibration occurs in a certain frequency range, which may affect the natural vibration of the exhaust system. Therefore, in this study, the optimal shape is proposed by comparing the ignition frequency calculated based on the vibration measurement result in the idle state and the numerical analysis result.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality properties of Meju prepared by inoculating two strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HJ5-2, and Aspergillus oryzae PS03. The three soybean varieties that include Daewonkong, Daechan, and Saedanbaek were used in this experiment. The fermentation temperature during the Meju aging varied at 20℃, 30℃, and 40℃, respectively. The physicochemical analysis of the soybeans, showed that the cured protein and fat contents were 34.83~43.49% and 12.91~18.90%, respectively. The pH and total acidity were 6.47~6.93 and 0.11~1.22%, respectively. The change in appearance of the Meju was that the yellow-green mold was well formed on seven days at fermentation temperature of 20℃ and 30℃, but at 40℃, there was minimal mold formation and cracking of the surface. The amino nitrogen content was highest on the Daechan Meju at 621.83 mg% for seven days. The amylase increased as the fermentation period increased in all samples, and the protease increased rapidly until the first day of the fermentation, and then gradually increased thereafter. The total number of bacteria increased or decreased as the fermentation proceeded to 6.66~10.07 log CFU/g. The mold counts increased with increasing fermentation period in the range of 6.38~8.79 log CFU/g.

이 연구의 목적은 일자리와 노동력 변동이 연계된 패널 형태의 자료를 활용하 여 전국 및 지역 일자리 창출과 소멸의 동태적 특성을 분석하고 이를 통해 지 역고용정책의 수립에 필요한 시사점을 제공하는 데 있다. 분석결과, 2018년 12 월 기준 전국평균 일자리 창출 수는 6,315개, 소멸 7,053개, 채용 29,743개, 이 직 30,587개로 일자리 순증가는 844개로 감소하였다. 전국 광역시도 중 지역 일자리 창출이 높은 지역은 경북 9,961개, 경남 9,561개, 전남 9,430개 순으로 일자리 소멸이 낮은 지역은 제주도 2,323개, 전북 2,988개, 충북 4,237개 순이 었다. 대전지방고용노동청 관할 지역 일자리 변동 분석결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일자리 변수 간 상관성 분석에서 순일자리 증가와 노동력 변동과는 상관성이 높은 것으로 나타나 채용이 많을수록 순일자리는 증가하였고, 초과노 동이동은 노동력 변동이 많을수록 초과이동이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 지 역 일자리 초과노동이동량과 순증가의 추이는 초과노동이동량이 많은 대전 서 구, 청주시 흥덕구, 천안시 서북구, 아산시 등 지역에서 매우 높은 것으로 나타 났다. 이는 과도한 초과노동이동량으로 일자리 순증가가 나타나고 있기 때문에 근로자의 초과노동이동량에 따른 산업 안전, 근로자의 휴식, 근로자의 일·가정 양립 등의 검토가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 마지막으로 충북 증평군, 충남 청양 군, 계룡시는 노동력 변동이 적고 채용과 이직 또한 적은 것으로 나타나 지역 일자리 발굴 및 창출 정책의 수립이 절실함을 시사하고 있다.