The purpose of this study is to investigate how social media and user-generated content (UGC) foster consumer engagement through the development of a good city image. Special emphasis is placed on the attitudes of potential visitors, how these attitudes affect a city’s image, and the perceived social distance between users and the authors of social media content. The study adopts a 2 x 2 experimental design in which high/low green image and high/low social distance are examined. The results suggest that a green city image has a significant effect on potential visitors’ attitude towards cities. Moreover, this study found that the effects of social media content varies according to the perceived social distance between the author of the post and potential visitors.

The purpose of this research was to examine consumers from distinct cultural groups and examine similarities and differences in their green purchase behaviors. The sample consisted of consumers from U.S.A. and South Korea and the theory of planned behavior was used as a theoretical framework to test the influence of diverse constructs on consumers’ purchase intentions toward organic cotton apparel. A total of 334 participants (164 for U.S.A. sample and 170 for South Korea sample) were recruited to examine purchase behaviors toward organic cotton apparel. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the relationship between the TPB constructs and compare the results between the two country groups. AMOS 24 and SPSS 24 were used to analyze the data. For both countries, perceived behavioral control (PBC) and descriptive norms were strong predictors of purchase intentions and injunctive norms strongly influenced attitude formation. However, the two groups showed different results regarding attitude-purchase intention, descriptive norms-attitude, and injunctive norms-purchase intentions relationship. For example, while attitude was the strongest predictor of purchase intention in the U.S.A. group, it had an insignificant effect in South Korea group. For South Korea group PBC had the strongest effect on consumers purchase intention. Multi-group SEM results showed that the difference in the chi-square statistics between the two models was significant. Significant differences were found in two structural paths: attitude → purchase intention and PBC → purchase intention. TPB provided a useful framework for explaining green purchase behaviors in both countries as PBC and descriptive norms strongly predicted consumers’ intention to purchase. However, South Koreans were more affected by the social pressure: their purchase intention were strongly influenced by both injunctive norms and descriptive norms which was in contrast to the findings from American consumers. Injunctive norms were an insignificant predictor of purchase intentions in the U.S.A. group. Injunctive norms reflect individual’s perception of whether the behavior is approved or disapproved by others while descriptive norms involve individual’s perception of whether the behavior is typically performed by others. Therefore, when Korean consumers perceive that others believe it is a good idea to purchase organic cotton apparel and when they actually see others purchasing the product, they will feel more inclined to purchase the product themselves. This result is consistent with previous research that suggest conformity is a crucial factor for people belonging to a collectivistic culture (e.g., Hofstede, 1980; Kitayama et al., 1995).

Corporations, governments, and non-profits across the world have implemented proenvironmental campaigns to promote sustainable practices. To better understand crosscultural differences in environmental persuasion, we draw on research on self-conscious emotion (Tangney & Dearing, 2002), construal level theory (Trope & Liberman, 2010), and cultural psychology (Ratner, 2000). The current research examines how the emotions of guilt and shame cause people from Eastern and Western cultures to differently perceive green advertising messages that are framed concretely or abstractly. Two hundred fifty-five undergraduate students were randomly assigned to a 2 (emotion priming: guilt vs. shame) x 2 (construal message frame: abstract vs. concrete message) x 2 (nationality: Americans vs. Koreans) between-subjects design. The results indicate that message concreteness effect is present among guilt-primed Americans and shame-primed Koreans (culturally relevant), but absent among shame-primed Americans and guilt-primed Koreans (culturally irrelevant). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed for developing global green advertising message strategies.

Consumer interest in eco-friendly fashion products has been consistent. While most relevant research emphasizes individual morals and environmental concern as the most crucial determinants to eco-friendly consumption behavior, more recent studies point out that in so doing there has been somewhat a neglectance on the importance of fundamental marketing strategies. More specifically, the crucial role of interior colors in fashion retail stores has been managerially considered something certain yet no empirical results have been found to support such a strong managerial assumption. For instance, colors such as green, blue, and brown are believed to represent natural images and are more appropriate to the eco-friendly marketing and the relevant research has been lacking. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the effect of in-store interior design colors (green versus non-green) on consumer perception of green store images. A total of 382 respondents were gathered for an online survey using differing store images as the stimulus and used for testing hypotheses. In the results, respondents exposed to store images using green interior colors reported a higher evaluation of green store image of the store. The effect is found to be significantly moderated by respondent’s environmental concern: to explain, respondents of high environmental concern are less influenced by green color interiors when they evaluate the brand’s eco-friendly image. In sum, the positive influence of green interior colors on green store image is found statistically significant, with its stronger effect for consumers of low concern. Managerial and academic discussions are provided.

As the urban population continues to increase, cities grow through the expansion of high-rise and high-density residential areas, which demand good living environments to improve citizens’ quality of life. This study is based on the apartment type proposed by Moon Soo-young(2011) in accordance with the layout pattern of green spaces in three apartment complexes located in Dalseo-gu, Daegu Metropolitan City. The purpose of this research is to discover the causes of the high nutritional rate and successful planting method, as well as to suggest a plan to improve the planting structure(general complex, built apartment). According to the study results, the green area ratio of the study was the highest with 44.7% of the total area, followed by Wolbahil state(center type) with 30.3%, and the Bible Jeongnam Town(type of arrangement around buildings) with 27.3%. Shared facility centers were placed outside the apartment buildings in common with the type of arrangement around the buildings and the type of centering arrangement, and the coverage rate in the apartment complexes increased. There are many underground parking lots in the vicinity of the buildings; the center type of the buildings and the parking lots for the disabled are located underground. In general, residents use the underground parking lot, and the ground greenery ratio is higher than other types. Through the analysis of the facilities in the complex according to the type, we found the cause of high green ratio and good planting method and suggested an improvement plan for the general and constructed apartments. In the general apartment complex improvement plan, it is possible to increase the green area by minimizing the single-story buildings such as the shared facilities center and arranging these facilities in the apartments. The number of entrances is reduced due to the connectivity between underground parking lots. Reducing the area of the road within the complex can reduce the number of green spaces. It is important that water pipes are laid mainly under broad-leaved trees and that the plant structure is multi-layered. In order to estimate the construction of the apartment, we propose a method to construct the green space in three dimensions by using methods such as wall greening and rooftop greening. It is possible to utilize enough spaces to waste through the plant materials. In the plant structure, a cluster planting was arranged and the shrubs and plants were placed in the complex.

The physiologically advantageous aspects of green tea have been identified recently and green tea has been a favorite drink of many people. Due to the increased awareness of green tea’s positive effects on human health, the demand for foods containing green tea has increased. This has led to the development of diverse green tea-related beverages; thereby many companies in Korea have put a wide variety of manufactured green tea beverages on the market. However, the components within green tea beverages have not been examined in Korea yet. In this study, we investigated the contents of the physiologically functional materials found in green tea, such as catechin, catechin gallate, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatecin gallate, gallocatechin gallate and caffeine. Fifty-six green tea products purchased from the local grocery stores and cafes were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. As a result, all tested products contained catechin and caffeine, although the amount of each component was largely different. The total amount of catechin derivatives in the manufactured green tea beverages purchased from cafes was 263.17 mg/L, while they were 61.99 mg/L in the beverages purchased from the local grocery stores. And, to the almost samples the amount of caffeine was proportional to the amount of catechin.

The Paris Agreement compared to the Kyoto Protocol has a distinct characteristic of all non-party stakeholder’s participation including civil society, private sector, and other subnational authorities to respond to climate change. This study develops Green Infrastructure Performance Index(GIPI) to measure, report and verify greenhouse gases reduction impacts on climate change policies particularly focusing on road transport sector in Korea. It is applied with 16 metropolitan areas to provide policy planners with valuable reduction information and practical and on-time policy implications. The empirical findings show that applying to traffic avoidance, technology improvement, and modal shift strategies through GIPI with the 9 core indices (eco-driving activity, electric vehicle usage, mileage-based auto insurance, etc.) that set target achievement in 2030 is projected to reduce 34.7 mill. CO2-eq, accounting for 11.2% above the national carbon dioxide reduction target of 25.9 mill. CO2-eq by 2030.

Historically, the two major aspects of road design have been (i) The design principles – like AASHTO 1993 Empirical Design or lately, Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Method (MEPDM) (ii) The materials & technologies of pavement construction The fundamental design principles have not undergone major changes, however, the advancement in materials and technologies have improved tremendously over last few decades and this makes it necessary to revisit some of the conventional concepts in road design. The new technology now challenges the conventional wisdom and has brought us to the threshold of an era of all new sustainable green roads of tomorrow. AASHTO 1993 Empirical Pavement Design is the basis for pavement design today; in most parts of the world. In some parts of the world, there is a movement towards Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guideline (MEPDG), but the movement is slow and gradual as this approach is expensive and heavily dependent on software programs due to its inherent computational complexities. The concept of Structural Number and Layer Coefficients of pavement layers under AASHTO 1993 Empirical Pavement Design was derived from AASHO road test carried out in Ottawa, Illinois between 1958 & 1960. The conventional Layer Coefficient value of 0.44 which is used today was recommended considering the strength of the construction materials available at that time. But, in view of the new technology available now, this needs to be revisited. Secondly, AASHTO 1993 Empirical Pavement Design provides for assuming certain values for Drainage Coefficients, ranging between 0.4 to 1.4, based on certain criteria. It is quite common to assume a value of 1 for drainage coefficient, in most parts of the world. Now, with the advent of new nanotechnology for waterproofing of road layers, it is possible to consider higher values for drainage coefficients. The new nanotechnology for soil stabilization can make subgrade soils well bonded, strong and flexible, allowing the designer to assume higher values of Resilient Moduli in the AASHTO 1993 design equation, which may bring the required structural number down and allow a lighter design of cross-section of structural layers on top of the subgrade. Indicative calculations for a typical 100 MSA, two lane (10 m wide) highway show that the new technology, while remaining within the AASHTO 1993 design guidelines, enables designing a pavement that is 3 times better (it will now be a 300 MSA pavement instead of 100 MSA) with a cost reduction of about USD 114000 per km. This paper takes an overview of latest trends in USA regarding pavement design approaches. It also puts forth, the opportunities presented to a pavement designer, by the new nanotechnology and proposes a new design approach, for optimized pavement design - green, sustainable & economical; while remaining within the AASHTO 1993 guidelines or MEPDG.

7-(4-([1,1-biphenyl]-4-yl(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)amino)phenyl)-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (BPFA-C) including coumarin moiety was synthesized through Suzuki aryl-aryl coupling reaction. Optical and electrical properties were examined by UV-visible absorption spectra, PL spectra, and AC-2. UV-visible spectrum of BPFA-C in a film state showed maximum absorption wavelength of 367 nm. PL spectrum of BPFA-C show maximum emission wavelength of 511 nm. BPFA-C showed highly efficient luminescence property. EL spectrum of BPFA-C exhibited a maximum value of 504 nm and BPFA-C device provided luminescence efficiency of 4.59 cd/A, power efficiency of 3.17 lm/W, and CIE (x,y) of (0.25, 0.53) at a current density of 10 mA/cm².

The property changes of 18, 14, and 8K green gold alloys for jewelry are observed by adding 0.0, 3.0, and 5.0 wt% of indium (In), respectively. To check the composition of the alloys, an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis is conducted. Color and microstructure analysis is executed through bare-eye, macro camera, UV-VIS-NIR-colormeter, and optical microscope. The melting point, wetting angle, and hardness are measured using TGA-DTA, a wetting angle tester, and a Vickers hardness tester. The EDS analysis result demonstrates that each of the green gold alloys was manufactured with purposed contents. The color analysis result shows that the color of the alloys is similar to the color of the conventional 4 wt%- Cd 18K green gold, and the green color improves as the In content increases. The micro structure analysis result demonstrates that grain refinement improves as the amount of In increases. Enhancements in the melting point, wettability, and Vickers hardness changes appear as the In content increases and Au content decreases. The hardness is up to 260, which implies good durability. Therefore, the results suggest that the proposed 18, 14, and 8K In-added green gold alloys enhance the properties of jewelry products with regard to the green color, castability, and durability.

This study investigated the nutritional composition of green pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. DangZo). Specifically vitamin C, minerals and amino acids content in green peppe were measured. The crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat contents of green pepper were found to be 0.64, 2.10 and 1.20 g/100 g, respectively. The ascorbic acid content in green pepper was 99.34 mg/100 g. The K content was found to be the highest with regard to mineral. This was followed by P, Mg, Na, Ca, Zn, Cu, Mn which means green pepper is an alkali material. The K, P, Mg, Na, Ca, Zn, Cu, Mn contents of green pepper found to be 980, 68.33, 60, 34.14, 30.88, 5.87, 5.25 and 3.07 mg/100 g respectively. The total amino acid content ranged from 7.0 to 1,625.3 mg/100 g, respectively. With regard to amino acid contents, arginine and citrulline were found to be abundant. From the results, green pepper could be suggested as beneficial for food processing.

｢산림자원의 조성 및 관리에 관한 법률｣에 의하면 ｢자연 공원법｣ 제 2조의 공원 구역을 제외한 도시에서 국민 보건 휴양·정서함양 및 체험활동 등을 위하여 조성·관리하는 산림 및 수목을 의미한다고 정의 되어 있다. 또한 동 법률에 의하면 도시림이란 도심지에서 집단적으로 자라고 있는 입목·죽(竹)과 그 토지 뿐 만 아니라 임목과 죽이 없어진 토지와 생활림, 가로수 등의 도로변 녹지대, 중앙분리대의 녹지, 천변 식재지, 학교숲, 벽면 녹화지까지 도시림에 속한다고 할 수 있다. 이들 녹지대는 유기적 또는 분리되어 일정한 기능을 하는 녹지대로 구분 할 수 있으며 이러한 녹지대를 완충녹지, 경관녹지, 연결녹지 등으로 나눌 수 있다. 2016년 심림청의 전국 도시림 현황통계에 의하면 1인당 생활권 도시림 면적 은 9.91(m2/인)으로 WTO권고 기준을 넘기고 있으나 도시 개발의 외연 확장으로 인한 지속적인 녹지대의 감소와 초미 세먼지, 황사, 도심지 열섬현상 등의 기후변화에 대응하기 위해서 지속적인 녹지공간의 창출이 필요한 시점이다. 2011년 김동현 등이 연구한 ‘계량경제적 접근을 통한 도시림의 도시열섬 완화효과 분석의 연구’에 의하면 생활권도 시림이 1m2 증가하면 전국 평균소비전력량은 0.02MWH 감소하고, 광역시의 경우 여름철 한낮 온도를 1.15°c 감소 시키는 것으로 연구되었다. 도시림은 이와 같은 기온 조절의 역할 뿐 만 아니라 거주민들의 삶의 질을 향상 시키는 녹색 공간으로서의 기능도 수행 하고 있다. 이완 같은 도시림 중 골목정원은 법적인 지위와 정의는 가지지 못하고 있지만, 도심지 자투리공간의 활용을 통한 녹지공간의 창출, 골목정원 조성으로 인한 지역민의 유대감 강화, 심리적 안정감을 도모 할 수 있는 긍정적인 역할을 할 수 있다. 골목정원에 관한 연구는 장철규 등의 골목정원 구성요소 만족도 분석에 대한 논문이 수행 되었으며, 그 시작은 대구광역시 서구청에서 2015년부터 2년 간 조성한 골목정원이 그 시작이라고 할 수 있으며, 이 후 대구 광역시 북구청의 ‘북구 초록도시 만들기’의 일환으로 시작되었다. 2016년에 는 북구 대구광역시 북구청에서는 시범사업을 실시하였고, 2017년 1/4분기와 3/4 분기에 5개소의 골목정원을 조성하 였다. 그 지역은 북구 고성동2가 130번지(고성동), 북구 고 성북로 6길 골목(고성동), 북구 대현남로 9길 11일원 골목 (대현동), 북구 동북로 37길 58-17일원(산격2동), 북구 관음 중앙로 9길 3 일원(관음동) 등을 주성하였다. 사업비는 2,500만원 정도 소요 되었으며, 수목식재는 메리골드 200 본, 페튜니아 300본, 남천 20주, 무늬맥문동 800본, 구절초 1700본 등이 소요 되었다. 이러한 골목정원의 추진을 위한 기본적인 요건은 아파트 밀집지역보다 단독주택 밀집지역에서 더 효과적인 주민 화 합과 참여를 유도할 수 있다고 판단하였다. 또한 기본적으로 단독주택 밀집지역의 정주환경 개선을 위한 마인드 교육 과 골목의 공동체성을 회복하기 위한 인적 네트워크의 구축이 필요하다. 이러한 사업의 성공울 위한 기본적인 전제조 건은 마을공동체의 회복에 있으며, 주민 주도형이어야만이 추가적인 관리가 자율적으로 이루어진다고 판단된다. 이러한 골목정원의 조성 순서는 마을 공동체의 인적 네트 워크를 기반으로 하여, 마을 정주 환경 개선을 위한 공감대가 형성 되어야 한다. 그리고 골목정원 설치 대상지의 발굴 과 이 대상지를 중심으로 한 기본적인 조성 계획이 수반되 어야 하며, 골목정원 조성에 많은 주민이 참여하여 공동체 정신을 회복 하여야 한다. 이러한 일련의 과정은 모두 민주적이고 타당한 협의와 정차를 거쳐서 진행 되어야 한다. 또한 골목정원의 설치 유형은 이웃과의 의사사통을 위한 커뮤니티 텃밭형 골목정원, 미관을 고려한 골목정원, 쓰레기불법투기장소 등의 지저분한 환경을 개선시키기 위한 환경개선형 디자인정원 등으로 구분할 수 있다. 도시림의 일부로 볼 수 있는 골목정원의 기능은 녹지공간의 조성이나 기후조절, 홍수조절 이외에도 비교적 오래된 단독주택 단지의 미관을 개선함으로써 도시 재생의 역할을 충분히 할 수 있으며, 더 나아가 정주여건 개선 운동과 더불어 지역민의 공동체 정신 함양에도 많은 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다. 특히 골목정원을 조성 할 때 유의하여야 할 사항은 반드 시 지역민의 네트워크를 활용한 적극적인 참여가 전제 되어야 한다는 점이다. 그리고 골목의 특성과 지역민의 이해관계에 따른 다양한 의견 수렴을 통한 조정으로 장소에 맞는 적절한 기능을 가진 골목정원으로 조성하여야 할 것이다. 이에 따라 지방자치단체에서는 기본적인 설계의 제공, 수목 의 제공, 그리고 골목 정원에 대한 기본적인 이론 교육과 워커숍과 현장에 맞는 골목정원의 형태 제안, 그리고 주민 들의 자율적 조직을 위한 행정적 편의를 제공하여야 한다.

본 연구는 진두발 야외 개체군의 시·공간적 생장과 성숙 및 숙주 진두발과 내생조류의 온도, 조도, 광주기 등에 대한 생리적 특성을 파악하기 위하여, 2017년에 계절별로 서해안의 2개 정점(만리포와 학암포)과 남해안 1개 정점(정도 리)에서 조간대 조위별(상, 중, 하부)로 방형구(0.25 × 0.25 ㎝)를 놓고 방형구내에 서식하는 진두발을 전량 채집하여 생식상태(과포자체, 사분포자체, 영양체)별 생장을 확인하였다. 또한, 숙주 진두발에 서식하는 내생녹조류인 Ulvella ramosa의 환경 조건별 생장 연구를 실시하였다. 홍조류 진두발 야외개체군의 생식상태별로 계절별 및 정 점별, 조위별 길이를 비교하면, 정도리의 경우 과포자체는 봄철 조간대 중부에서 8.17±0.61 ㎝로 최대였고, 봄철 조간대 하부에 2.15±2.15 ㎝로 최소였다. 사분포자체는 봄철 중부에 서 9.69±0.45 ㎝로 최대였고, 봄철 상부에서 4.06±2.03 ㎝로 최소였다. 영양체는 봄철 중부에서 6.42±0.56 ㎝로 최대였고, 가을 중부에서 1.74±1.74 ㎝로 최소였다. 만리포의 과포자체 는 여름철 중부에서 5.90±0.09 ㎝로 최대였고, 가을 상부에서 2.81±1.78 ㎝로 최소였다. 사분포자체는 여름철 하부에서 7.12±0.08 ㎝로 최대였고, 봄 상부에서 5.19±0.46 ㎝로 최소 였다. 영양체는 여름철 하부에서 6.86±0.33 ㎝로 최대였고, 겨울 하부에서 3.63±0.33 ㎝로 최소였다. 학암포의 경우 과포 자체는 여름철 하부에서 6.82±0.18 ㎝로 최대였고, 봄 상부에 서 2.21±.0.05 ㎝로 최소였다. 사분포자체는 가을철 중부에서 6.72±0.14 ㎝로 최대였고, 봄철에는 모든 조위에서 관찰되 지 않았다. 영양체는 가을 중부에서 6.11±1.78 ㎝ 최대였고, 겨울철 상부에서 1.81±0.08 ㎝로 최소였다. 조위별 진두발의 생장은 상부의 경우 3.32-5.53 ㎝로 정도리에서 최대였고, 학암포에서 최소였다. 중부에서는 4.10-6.03 ㎝로 정도리에 서 최대, 학암포에서 최소였다. 하부는 4.22-5.41 ㎝로 만리포 에서 최대, 학암포에서 최소를 보였다. 홍조류 진두발 야외개체군의 계절별, 정점별로 엽체의 길 이는 1.22-6.37 cm로 여름철에 정도리 해안에서 최대를 나 타냈고, 봄철에 학암포에서 엽체 길이가 최소였다. 진두발 엽체의 무게는 습중량으로 0.05-1.18 g wet weight였으며, 가을철에 정도리에서 최대였고, 봄철에 학암포에서 최소였 다. 진두발의 생물량은 81.44-609.13 g/m2 범위로 가을 학 암포에서 최대였고 봄철에 만리포에서 최소값을 보였다. 내생조류 Ulvella ramosa의 유주자 방출은 저온 (10 ℃) 과 고온 (25 ℃)의 모든 광도에서 억제되었으며, 15 ℃에서 는 100 μmol photons m-2 s-1의 높은 광도에서 유주자 방출 이 6-7일 후에 최대였으나, 20 ℃에서는 20 μmol photons m-2 s-1의 낮은 광도에서 6일 후에 최대로 나타남으로써 온 도와 광도의 상호작용이 있음이 나타났으며, 20 ℃, 20 μ mol photons m-2 s-1에서 많은 유주자를 방출하였으며, 2일 간격의 주기적 방출을 보였다. 내생조류 Ulvella ramosa는 다양한 온도와 광도에서 생장하였으며, 최대 생장은 20 ℃, 60 μmol photons m-2 s-1에서 일어났으며, 염분별 차이는 없었으며, 12: 12h L:D 광주기에서 빠른 생장을 보였다.

Daegu City has the most number of heat waves every year in the last 10 years among 7 metropolitan cities in Korea. As the slang, such as ‘Daefrica(Daegu + Africa)’ shown, Daegu City is recognized as a high temperature region in the summer. The purpose of this study is to understand the perception of urban green space as a mediator for heat wave mitigation for Daegu citizens. First, about 93.3% of the respondents perceived what the heat was. The most frequent cause of the increase in the number of heat waves was the increase in energy use (34.9%), ‘indiscriminate development’ (24.9%), ‘automobile and traffic increase’ (17.9%), ‘greenery reduction’ (12.6% ) were the most common cause. Second, 87.1% of respondents had positive perception about the mitigation effect on the effect of urban green space as a medium to mitigate the heat. In addition, 26.7% of respondents answered that they are very effective in mitigating the effect of the heat of urban greenery, and 95.1% of them responded more than ‘normal’. Third, as a result of examining the priorities of short and long-term heat-related policies, the short term was the highest (37.5%) in responding to ‘electricity tariff realization’ because of the high dependence on air conditioners. In contrast to the short-term perspective, the long-term policy for mitigating the heat wave was overwhelmingly supported by ‘expansion of urban green areas’ (50.7%). This is a result of confirming Daegu citizens’ consciousness which is highly evaluating the effect of urban green space as a medium for mitigating the heat. Fourth, the importance and performance of ‘urban green space type’ for mitigation of the heat wave were examined. The type of urban green space belonging to the phenomena maintenance area (quadrant Ⅰ), which both had high importance and performance, was classified as ‘neighborhood park’. In addition, it was surveyed as ‘Ssamji(mini) Park’ as the type of urban greenery in the concentrated improvement area (quadrant Ⅱ) where the importance is high but the performance is low. We believe that the value of urban green areas for mitigating the heat waves has been fully recognized through the recognition of Daegu citizens. We hope that the results of this study will be used as basic data for future Daegu city heat and urban greening policy.

본 연구는 친환경적이고 감성적인 패션상품의 색채기획을 위한 자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 쪽과 괴화로 복합 염색 후 무매염 견직물과 4종의 매염제(Al, Cu, Fe, Zn)를 처리한 견직물에 대하여 색채특성을 측정하였다. 또한 복합염색 후 매염처리된 연두색 견직물에 대하여 여대생을 대상으로 색채감성과 색채 선호도를 조사하였으며, 색채 특성과 색채감성이 색채 선호도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 쪽/괴화로 복합염색된(무매염) 견직물은 선 염색한 쪽 농도가 10 g/ℓ이면 녹색, 쪽 20 g/ℓ을 사용하면 청록색을 나타내었으며, 4종의 매염제를 사용하여 처리시 거의 모든 경우 연두색을 나타내었다. 연두색을 나타내는 복합염색된 견직물 10종의 색채감성을 요인분석한 결과, 유쾌성, 품위성, 편안성 요인으로 분류되었으며, 이러한 색채감성은 쪽 농도와 매염제의 종류에 따라 대부분 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한 복합염색된 연두색 견직물의 색채특성과 색채감성요인 간에는 대부분 유의한 상관성을 보여, L＊값, b＊값, C＊값이 크고 a＊값이 작을수록 유쾌성과 편안성 감성을 더 강하게 느끼며, L＊값이 작고 a＊값이 클수록 품위성 감성을 더욱 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 쪽과 괴화로 복합염색하고 매염처리한 연두색 견직물의 색채감성요인을 예측변수로 활용할 수 있는 색채 선호도 예측 회귀식이 제안되었다.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the optimization extrusion variables on quality of textured vegetable protein by using response surface methodology. In this study, 50% soy protein isolate, 40% wheat gluten, and 10% corn starch were blended and 15% of the mixture was substituted with green tea. The moisture content (45, 50, and 55%), barrel temperature (130, 140, and 150oC), and screw speed (100, 150, and 200 rpm) were varied. A Box- Behnken design was used in this experiment. Second order polynomial regression equations were developed to relate the response to extrusion variables as well as to obtain a response surface plot. The independent variables had significant effects on the quality of the products and moisture content was the most significant. The lower moisture content led to the higher integrity index, lower nitrogen solubility index, lower water absorption capacity, higher texture, and higher cutting strength. The optimum conditions were identified as moisture content 47.78%, barrel temperature 150.00oC, and screw speed 196.05 rpm. Incorporation of green tea into protein materials could effectively improve the nutritional value of the product. Understanding these optimized extrusion variables on the product quality was useful for producing textured vegetable protein in the future.

In this study, we investigated the nutritional composition including proximate, amino acid, vitamin, minerals, and the antioxidant activity of green tea (Camellia sinensis) pollen grains collected by Apis mellifera bees, for use as a health food. The crude protein and fat content was estimated at 26.14% and 3.49%, respectively. Eighteen amino acids were identified in green tea pollen, including 8 essential amino acids and 10 non-essential amino acids. The predominant amino acids were glutamic acid, proline and aspartic acid accounting for about 33.3% of total free amino acids. The concentration of vitamin C was the highest value of 35.7%, followed by B3 and B2 among the detected vitamins. The predominant minerals were potassium (790.32 mg/100g), followed by phosphorus (707.52 mg/100g) and sulfur (302.67 mg/100g), whereas copper, zinc and sodium were detected as minor elements. The antioxidant activity and phenolic content accounted for 33.8% at 500 μg/mL extract and 2.55 μg/mg, respectively.