Though their activities, companies have an impact on environmental problems and nature conservation. The accounting sector can play a role in environmental conservation efforts related to environmental costs, and the implemention of the Corporate Sustainability Management System (CSMS) could be a key factor that can improve the company’s financial performance. This study aims to determine how green accounting through the application of CSMS can improve the financial performance of manufacturing companies in Indonesia, a developing country. The sampling method used was purposive sampling, while the research sample consisted of 38 companies that had followed PROPER and were indexed on the IDX. Data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method known as the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The results of this study indicate that manufacturing companies in Indonesia are able to implement green accounting by allocating appropriate environmental costs by earmarking a portion to carry CSMS implementation so as to improve financial performance. People in Indonesia consider that manufacturing companies that have good company rankings in the evaluation program for company performance ratings in environmental management run by the Indonesian Ministry of Environment are in a position to generate customer loyalty, especially in financial performance.

This paper aimed to study the role of green leadership toward environmental policies support in university. Furthermore, this study investigated the influence of green leadership toward environmental policies support and discussed the mediation effect of Green Self efficacy, Green Mindfulness, organization identity and environmental responsibility. The number of Population sample in this research was taken from 1,456 lecturers and staff of Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia. Total sample in this research is 312 respondents. Structural Equation Models (SEM) was used in this research to develop the model of green leadership role toward environmental policies support of Lecturer and Staff in the University. This study found that green leadership had significant influences toward environmental policies support, environmental responsibility, green mindfulness and green self-efficacy but had insignificant influence toward organizational identity. Path analysis showed strong mediation effect of environmental responsibility and green mindfulness, but had a weak mediation from organizational identity and green self-efficacy. Finally, this study concluded that the role of green leadership in influencing environmental responsibility and green mindfulness was required to be enhanced in order to increase the support of environmental policies at the university. Further study needs to be carried out to determine the effect of green leadership on green performance and green behavior in organizations.

This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework for Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) that takes into account the effect of GSCM drivers on implementing GSCM practices in Vietnam FDI companies. This study has considered organizational commitment, social network, and government support as GSCM driver factors and proposed a structural model of the relationships between GSCM drivers and GSCM practices in Vietnam FDI companies. The empirical analysis used data from 192 questionnaires which used a comprehensive, valid, and reliable tool (SPSS 26 and SmartPLS 3.0 software) to evaluate rigorous statistical tests including convergence validity, discriminatory validity, reliability, and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) to analyze and verify the gathered data and develop the hypothesis. The result of path analysis shows that GSCM driver factors constitute a structured system with different degrees of influence on GSCM drivers and GSCM practices. Organizational commitment and government support has a positive relationship with both GSCM drivers and GSCM practices, while social network only has a positive relationship on GSCM drivers. As a result, the testing of the relationship between GSCM drivers and GSCM practices has been verified and supported. The findings of this study can help managers and decision-makers to push the implementation of GSCM practices in FDI companies.

The paper seeks to explore the role of green finance in achieving sustainable development goals through the case of China, and address some issues of sustainable finance and environmental, social and governance concerns of green finance by introducing the episodes of green finance in China. This paper aims to provide some viewpoints about the following questions: 1) What are the latest trends in green finance? 2) What are the main challenges to the development of green finance? 3) What are policy recommendations for the development of green finance? 4) What are the roles of both the public and private sectors in promoting green finance? This paper identifies the mainstream to sustainable bonds, diversification of green finance, transition of corporates’ business models, transparency and disclosure, and harmonizing taxonomy and measurement of green finance for the emerging trends of green finance. As the results, this paper recommends some policy measures for the private sector such as greening the banking system, greening the bond market, and greening institutional investors. This paper also suggests some policy initiatives for the public sector such as developing policies and capacity, promoting market transparency and governance, and promoting private-public partnership for diversifying resources of green finance.

The main purpose of this paper is to explore how green supply chain management (GSCM) and its evaluative factors have affected green supply chain management practice and performance in industrial zone. This study proposes a structural equation model of the relationships among four factors: internal awareness (IA); suppliers’ pressure (SP); customers’ awareness (CA); and regulations pressure (RP) and their effect on GSCM practice (PA) and GSCM performance (PE). We used a survey questionnaire to elicit perceptions/opinions about GSCM from three level of managers of 322 companies in Bac Ninh Province’s industrial zones, Vietnam. PLS-SEM 3.0 software was applied to analyze and verify the gathered data, and the proposed hypothesis model. The results of path analysis show that internal awareness and customers’ awareness are positively related to the GSCM practice and GSCM performance. However, suppliers’ pressure and regulations pressure just impacted on GSCM practice. As a result, the testing of the relationship between GSCM practice and GSCM performance has been verified and supported. The findings of this study can help manager of companies in industrial zone understand the structure of GSCM, associate with the green supply chain management practice and green supply chain management performance, and be successful in green management organizations.

Recently, as a natural substance has been emphasized interest in research to enhance the immune function. Green lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a popular vegetable used fresh and it contains various phytochemicals and antioxidant compounds, and has been reported to have various physiological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor and anti-mutagenic. However, only a few studies have investigated on the mechanism of action of immune-enhancing activity of lettuce. Therefore, in this study, the immunomodulatory activities and potential mechanism of action of Green lettuce extracts (GLE) were evaluated in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. GLE significantly increased NO levels by RAW264.7 cells, as well as expressions of immunomodulators such as iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and MCP-1. Although GLE activated ERK1/2, p38, JNK and NF-κB, GLE-mediated expressions of immunomodulators was dependent on p38, JNK and NF-κB. In addition, TLR4 inhibition blocked GLE-mediated expressions of immunomodulators and activation of p38, JNK and NF-κB. Taken together, these results demonstrated that TLR4-MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathways participated in GLE-induced macrophage activation and GLE could be developed as a potential immunomodulating functional food.

The study aims to assess factors affecting intention to purchase green products in Vietnam. The study employs samples from customers who have actually experienced green consumption in Vietnam. The samples were collected by convenient sampling methods. The survey obtained 206 responses with full information. The survey was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020. The measurement scale was a 5-point scale with 1- completely disagree and 5- strongly agree. This study employs factor analysis and structural equation modelling analysis. The results showed that the social and environment sustainability awareness have positive effects on altruism of customers who are interested in green consumption. Altruism also has the same direction on green purchase intention. Besides, the attitude toward buying green and health consciousness affects green purchase intention. At the same time, the altruism and attitude towards buying green products also influence positively on green purchase intention. Besides, the health consciousness positively affects attitude towards buying green products. The results show that the health consciousness has a negative impact on intention to purchase green products. The findings suggest that it is necessary to raise customers' health consciousness, customers' altruism from disseminating knowledge about environmental protection as well as society to enhance the green consumption in Vietnam.

Substantial growth in the economy and extensive use of natural resources has become a major issue in the modern world. Organizations have started to worry about the environment and are beginning to invest in and practice green strategies. Companies should be responsible for the environment and use sustainable methods to run their businesses. The main purpose of this study is to explore the conceptual approach to Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices and Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER) in the hospitality industry. The theoretical framework of GHRM practices such as green recruitment, green selection, green training and development, green performance appraisal, green reward and compensation, and corporate environmental responsibility have been comprehensively studied for this purpose. Green Human Resource Management in the hospitality sector is a less studied and rarely implemented phenomenon. The integration of GHRM and CER along with green competitive advantage and green supply chain management in hospitality is new concept in hospitality industry. Study suggests that Corporate environmental responsibility (CER) and Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) have a significant role in the hospitality industry. However, for sustainable development of tourism and hospitality, this concept should be capitalized with necessary research and development.

The determination of soil characteristics is important in the simulation of rainfall runoff using a distributed FLO-2D model in catchment analysis. Digital maps acquired using remote sensing techniques have been widely used in modern hydrology. However, the determination of a representative parameter with spatial scaling mismatch is difficult. In this investigation, the FLO-2D rainfall-runoff model is utilized in the Yongdam catchment to test sensitivity based on three different methods (mosaic, arithmetic, and predominant) that describe soil surface characteristics in real systems. The results show that the mosaic method is costly, but provides a reasonably realistic description and exhibits superior performance compared to other methods in terms of both the amount and time to peak flow.

The purpose of this study was to analyze examples of green infrastructure presented by the American Society of Landscape Architects as a part of basic research to assess hub green spaces in cities. With the specific goal of green infrasturcture in mind, the study samples were classified according to their purpose: ‘humanities’, ‘hydrology’, ‘ecology’, and ‘environment’. Based on this we assessed the elements of planning for the target sites and obtained the following results. With regard to the aspect of humanities, planning urban hub green spaces was related to the satisfaction in leisure activities and the ‘quality of life’ that people expect to enjoy at parks or other green areas in general. Rather than focusing on direct and visible benefits, which might come from green infrastructure’s technological elements, people hoped that parks and green areas have macroscopic values. For hydrological characteristics, the ‘ecologically manages stormwater’ was applied the most in planning hub green spaces in cities, and it mainly took the form of technological elements or factors. Third, the planning elements pertaining to ecological characteristics were identified as a combination of strategies and technological elements that ‘reintroduces native plants’ and ‘habitat for wildlife’. As for the plans to instill eco-friendly aspects, the study found that the research on air, climate, weather, heat reaction, soil, energy efficiency, and use and application of resources is important. However, it was difficult to measure the potential quantitative benefits of ‘reusing or recycling materials’, ‘reducing urban heat’, and ‘cooling air temperature’. The result of this study is meaningful in that it can be used for the assessment of urban hub green spaces in the future.

목적: 본 연구는 골프 퍼팅 과제에서 기술 숙련성과 과제 조건(거리 vs. 경사도)에 따른 수행 정확성과 시선 행동 특성을 살펴보는 것이다. 방법: 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 10년 이상의 경력을 가진 프로 골퍼와 아마추어 초보 골퍼로 구분하여 각각 7명씩 총 14명이 실험에 참여하였다. 모든 피험자는 안구 움직임 추적 장치를 착용한 상태에서 그린의 경사도와 거리조건에 따라 1.5m와 2.5m 거리에서(1.5m 평지 & 1.5m 경사 & 2.5m 평지) 각 10 회씩 총 30회의 골프 퍼팅 과제를 실시하였다. 시선 행동 변인은 QE 지속시간, QE-dwell 지속시간, 시선고정위치로 선정하였으며, 수행의 정확성은 홀컵으로부터 벗어난 절대오차로 제한하였다. 결과: 첫째, 기술 숙련성과 과제 조건(거리조건 & 경사조건)에 따른 수행 정확성의 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 거리조건(1.5m 평지 vs. 2.5m 평지)과 경사조건(1.5m 평지 vs. 1.5m 경사)에 관계없이 숙련자가 초보자에 비해 QE와 QE-dwell 지속시간이 긴 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 거리조건에 비해 경사조건에서 수행 정확성과 시선 행동의 상관성이 보다 높게 나타났다. 논의: 전반적으로 숙련자가 초보자에 비해 QE와 QE-dwell 지속시간이 길었으며 이는 골프 퍼팅 수행력과 직접적인 영 향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 경사 조건에서는 QE-dwell 지속시간이 골프 퍼팅의 성공 여부를 결정하는 주요 요인으로 확인되었으며, 이는 초보 골퍼의 퍼팅 수행 향상을 위한 지각 기술 훈련에 효과적인 가이드 라인으로 제공될 수 있을 것이다.

The study aims to analyze the influence of egoistic, altruistic and biospheric value on green functional benefit, green monetary cost, green satisfaction and green loyalty. The study analyzes the effect of green functional benefit and green monetary cost on green satisfaction and green loyalty, as well as green satisfaction on green loyalty. The study employs quantitative methods with customers who have green brand purchase experience in Indonesia. Non-probability sampling was conducted using purposive sampling method based on predetermined criteria, which are customers who have already purchase and use green brand products. A total of 402 samples were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling. The result shows that the data support hypotheses on egoistic and biospheric value, hypotheses on green functional benefit effect to green satisfaction and green loyalty, as well as green monetary cost effect to green loyalty. The other hypotheses are not supported by data. As a conclusion, it is egoistic and biospheric value that has positive effect on green loyalty, while green functional benefit and green monetary cost act as mediation between the value orientation and green loyalty. As managerial implication, green brand marketing strategy should incorporate egoistic and biospheric values in messages in advertising and promotion.

Elevated linear parks have the potential to support the ecological stability, city amenity, cultural opportunity, and health benefits of urban dwellers; these are increasingly becoming an integral part of the urban infrastructure. Due to structural limitations in space, linear parks need to be planned to increase the value of green space. This study was aimed at advancing urban planning techniques for increasing the value of elevated linear parks, by comparing the Seoullo7017 with the Promenade plantée and the Highline. Planning characteristics of these green spaces were analyzed from the perspectives of physical planning factors, amenity values for users, and management systems. Field surveys and virtual tools were used to investigate the current characteristics of these parks, in addition to the literature survey. From the analysis of planning factors, amenity values, and management in the three linear parks, following important recommendations were made in order to promote the values of these parks: (a) diversify planting design for increasing the diversity of green space in a narrow area; (b) bring in various forms of amenities to promote the quality of users' experience; and (c) establish community-based management systems for enhancing regional competitiveness and profit sharing in urban regeneration projects.

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fertilization with the application of mixed organic matter after cultivating green manure crops on the growth and saponin content of Codonopsis lanceolata Trautv. Methods and Results: Five type of cultivation of green manure crops were done: hairy vetch as a single seedling crop (HV), hairy vetch and rye as a mixture of seedling (HV/R), additional fertilization with mixed organic matter after cultivation of a seedling mixture (HV/R/MO), chemical fertilizer (CF), and a non-treated control (NT). The total nitrogen content was the highest in the HV/R/ MO treatment, followed by the HV, CF, HV/R and NT treatments, respectively. Nitrogen fixation was higher in the single seedling treatment with hairy vetch (HV) than in the treatment with a mixture of hairy vetch and rye seedling (HV/R). Moreover, the growth of C. lanceolata was greatly increased by the application of additional fertilizer after treatment with the mixture of hairy vetch and rye seedlings. The HV/R/MO treatment produced the highest total lancemaside content among the treatments, followed by HV, HV/ R, CF, and NT, respectively. Conclusions: It was verified that C. lanceolata experienced superior growth with the application of mixed organic matter as additional fertilizer after the cultivation of green manure crops, and the content of its major saponins, lancemasides were also increased by this treatment.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of green manures and complemental fertilization with oil cake or liquid fertilizer on growth and nitrogen use efficiency of Chinese cabbage cultivated in organi systems. Field experiments were carried out at the National Institute of Agricultural Science in Suwon, South Korea from 2012 to 2014. Two green manure crops, Crotalaria and Hairy vetch, was cultivated in summer and in winter, respectively. The application methods of the green manure consisted of three tillage systems (overall tillage, partial tillage and no tillage). Oil cake and liquid fertilizer were used as complemental fertilizer. The results showed that when used as covering material in the upland soil without tillage, green manure fertilization was more effective in increasing growth and yield of Chinese cabbage than when incorporated into soil. It was possible to grow and harvest Chinese cabbage in the spring season by the application of hairy vetch as winter green manure. The higher yield of Chinese cabbage with green manure application was caused by the lower incidence rate of soft rot and tip-burn. The yield of the Chines cabbage that received green manure applications over two consecutive seasons followed by the supplemental fertilization with oil cake was similar to that of the conventional chemical fertilization. Following a single season green manure application in summer, however, the yield of cabbage was only about 70% of the conventional treatment. Green manure cultivation with additional liquid fertilization produced a yield similar to the conventional fertilization treat-ment, soil inorganic nitrogen concentration remained stable and the nitrogen use efficiency increased in the green manure applied soil. In conclusion, the organic cultivation of Chinese cabbage in the autumn season could be outperformed in the upland soil receiving two seasons (winter and summer) of green manure fertilization followed by the supplemental fertilization with liquid fertilizer.

Green manure crops can be efficient replacements of high nutrient materials such as livestock compost, organic fertilizers, etc. in organic farming. Grass-legume mixtures or mixed cropping of legumes with non-legumes can aid in abating the shortcomings of each plant type under monoculture (i.e. legumes have low biomass yields while grasses are poor at fixing nitrogen). This study was conducted to investigate the effects of barley (B) and hairy vetch (H) mixtures on green manure yield in nutrient accumulated organic upland soils of Korea. In one cropping season, single crops of barley and hairy vetch (Barley: 160 kg/ha, Hairy vetch: 90 kg/ha) as well as mixtures of both crops at different seeding rates (B66:H33, B33: H66) were grown and the obtained results are as shown below. The biomass yield and nutrient productivities were higher in barley-hairy vetch mixture. The biomass yield and total phosphorus content were higher for the mixed crops by 78~132% and 200% respectively than those of the hairy vetch monoculture. Total nitrogen content of the mixed crops was also higher than those of the barley monoculture by 43~44%. The biomass yield (5.60 Mg/ha) and nutrient contents (87.7 kg N/ha, 23 kg P2O5/ha) were highest in the case of B66:H33 seeding rate. Accordingly, this study concludes that the barley-hairy vetch mixtures cropped at B66:H33 seeding rate is efficient in increasing green manure productivity due to complementary effects observed and the highest biomass yield and nutrient contents.

This study was designed to understand the change of rural landscape and to consider problems followed by development restrictions lifted for Neobiul Village in Ansan City, Korea. Physical landscape changes were comprehended by a field study and interview with local residents, and the residents’ perception regarding the landscape changes were analyzed with the REP investigation method. The results can be summarized into the following three points: First, due to the lift of development restrictions and the deregulation of land use, the number of factories and warehouses for rent increased, which became a new source of income for the village. Second, the residents’ complaints increased due to the increased traffic volume and waste from a sudden influx of factories and warehouses, which could not be handled by a small farming village. Third, a mix of landscape combining both city and farming village was formed due to the influx of external capital and the need of rental income, although the residents rather wanted Neobiul Village to become a residential village than a factory location. Furthermore, even in the farmlands near the village where development restrictions have not been lifted, the level of dependence on the farming industry has decreased as a consequence of the increase in farmland rent and weekend farms. This paper confirmed that the change of rural landscape followed by lifted development restrictions affects the everyday life of residents living in Neobiul Village. This study has significant implications in that it suggests a case showing the effects of national policies such as lifting development restrictions for rural villages in suburban areas.

The Malaysian biogas upgrading technologies and policies were examined. In Malaysia, the regulation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) has been enforced to reduce the biochemical oxygen demand to 20 ppm and the biogas capture in the palm oil mills have been recently enforced for renewable energy. A huge amount of organic waste is produced from POME, and 80 million tons from palm oil trees, every year. Due to the renewable energy trends, the Malaysian government is modifying the use of biogases as fuels in favor of their conversion into compressed natural gas (CNG) and other chemicals; various green policies are being promoted because of many advantages of the organic substances. The Korean policies for biogas are a good model for exporting environmental plants after upgrading the digestion and purification technologies. Therefore, this article introduces the current status of POME and biogas production in Malaysia, it could encourage creating a new market for biomethane.

Background : For the green approach of nanoparticles synthesizing, plant based technology has been considered as cost-effective and eco-friendly mass production. The oriental medicinal crop, Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz. (Korean name: 음나무), the deciduous tree and a family of Araliaceae. Endemic tree of Asian countries, K. septemlobus being used for the treatment of various diseases. Phytochemicals of K. septemlobus such as polyphenols has highly probability of reducing agent for biosynthesizing nanoparticles. Methods and Results : In this study, we applied K. septemlobus ZnO nanoparticles (Ks-ZnO NPs) with procedures including green approach one-pot synthesis. For the characterization of nanoparticles, UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM were used. The formation of ZnO nanoparticles, the aurface plasmon resonance were observed at 372 ㎚ in UV-Vis spectroscopy. The presence of functional groups which as a capping agent and formation of ZnO nanoparticles were confirmed in FTIR result. The crystallization and morphology showed by XRD, TEM and SEM respectively. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles, was determined using Methylene blue (MB) dye degradation under UV irradiation (365 ㎚) which resulted rate constant is (−k) 0.1215 with 97.5% of degradation in 30 min. Conclusion : The result shows that phytochemicals in K. septemlobus extract have a potential as a reducing agent to form ZnO nanoparticles. The ZnO NPs are capable to degrade MB with in brief time.