지난 5년 동안 HMD(Head Mounted Displays)가 개발되어 사람들이 가상현실을 통해 게임에서 몰입형 콘텐츠를 즐길 수 있게 되었다. 이러한 시각을 위한 장치인 HMD는 널리 보급되어 사용되고 있지만, 가상현실에 사용자의 입력을 제공하는 장치는 아직 표준화되지 않았다. 그 결과 다양한 유형의 대화형 장비들 (Leap Motion, Marker-Based Devices 등)이 각자의 장단점을 가지고 개발되어 현재 사용 중에 있다. 예를 들어, Leap Motion은 손동작만 추적할 수 있으며 마커 기반 장치는 사용자와 추적 카메라 사이에 장애물이 있거나 어두운 환경의 경우 동작의 추적에 어려움이 있다. 착용형 모션 캡처는 신체에 착용되는 상호 작용 장치이며 인간과 카메라 사이에 장애물이 있어도 움직임을 추적할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 가상현실을 위하여 연구/ 개발된 상호작용 방법들을 설명하고 축구 게임을 통해 검증한다. 우리가 아는 한 본 연구는 착용형 모션 캡쳐를 가상현실 게임에 적용한 세계 최초의 연구이다.

The purpose of this study is to conduct a basic research for the development of a program, PEP-NKMF (Parents Empowerment Program in North Korea Migrant Family). A total of 20 teenager North Korean defectors from an S school in Seoul city and five North Korean defector teachers at this school were surveyed through questionnaires and in-depth interviews from March 6 to 31, 2017. The results were analyzed using Nvivo 11.0, which is a representative method of qualitative analysis for forming nodes by tree structure. The results showed that the teenage North Korean defectors requested the family relationship competence, adaptation, interest and love from their parents. North Korean defector teachers requested the transformation of the value and the practical love. This study is meaningful in that the essential requirements of the parental competence building program, which is to be provided to North Korean defector parents, are analyzed based not on theories but on teenage North Korean defectors and North Korean defector teachers.

3D 가상현실은 이미 여러 스포츠 분야에서 사용되고 있으며 특히 엘리트운동 선수들의 훈련 등에 적극 활용되고 있다. 주로 심상훈련 효용성을 극대화하기 위해 활용되고 있으며, 이에 따라 3D 가상현실 기술을 기반으로 심상훈련의 가능성, 유용성, 적합성이 여러 연구를 통해 입증되었다. 그러나 최근에는 가상현실에서의 운동이 더 이상 엘리트 운동선수들의 훈련에만 활용되는 것이 아니라 사회체육 등에 활발히 활용되는 추세에 있다. 3D 가상현실에서의 운동의 장점은 안정성이 높으며 외부환경에 대한 제한이 적다는 것이다. 이러한 장점을 고려할 때 이는 노인체육에 잘 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 노인을 위한 가상현실 기반 심상훈련의 활성화를 위해 국내·외 가상현실 관련 연구들이 어떠한 방법으로 연구되었으며 어떤 결과를 도출하였는지 면밀히 고찰하였다. 더불어 본 연구에서는 이러한 선행연구의 결과를 종합하여 추후 가상현실 연구의 활성화를 위한 방향과 후속 연구 과제를 위해 3D 가상현실 심상훈련의 간학문적 접근, 노인의 특성 및 지원요구를 고려한 지원, 습득된 기술의 일반화 및 유지 방안을 고려한 접근 필요성에 대해 제언을 제시하였다.

In this paper, the authors theorize and investigate empirically how the emerging technological developments of virtual reality convey the potential to augment future experiences of fashion consumption. This study is informed by previous studies that have discussed the role of fashion discourses and technology consumption within consumer experiences. Using the ZMET technique, the authors conducted a field study that empirically explored how virtual reality augments consumer experiences of fashion shows, hereinafter referred to as virtual fashion shows (VFS). Three themes have merged from our analysis: VFS as an agent of democratization, VFS as embodied escapism, and VFS as posthuman liminality. The implications of these findings for fashion consumer research and practice are discussed at the end.

Virtual reality is the extension of every major technology we already use today (Manjoo, 2014). Barnes, Mattsson, and Hartley (2015) argue that VR is a significant new environment for experiential customer service interactions as well as a recreational activity. It is capable of blurring the boundaries between the consumer’s virtual and physical environment (Schlosser, Mick, & Deighton, 2003). In other words, in our fitness context where people enter a VR while performing a core body workout, VR is capable of blurring the boundaries between physical servicescape and virtual service environment created. In our study we answer the question which reality is predominantly perceived by the customers and which implications that has for service providers. Previous scholars focused on the evaluation of customer’s presence and perception of the physical servicescape (Baker, Levy, & Grewal, 1992; Bitner, 1992; Wakefield & Blodgett, 1999) and demonstrated the impact of cues on post-consumption constructs like emotion, customer satisfaction or service quality (Hooper, Coughlan, & R. Mullen, 2013; Reimer & Kuehn, 2005; Wall & Berry, 2007). We extend that knowledge by analysing the potential of simultaneous presence in both the physical and virtual environments. Psychological immersion into the virtual world, or in other words, escape from the servicescape into the virtual environment will both be dominant over the physical servicescape and generate additional value to the users (Holbrook, 1994; Innocenti, 2017; Yee, 2006). To address the research question, we used sports equipment which allows the survey participant to virtually fly through the Rocky Mountains while performing a workout (ICAROS). The data was generated using a questionnaire which was answered after the workout. The data shows a direct positive relationship between telepresence and escapism, supporting (a) the theory that people predominantly perceive the VR as their actual reality during the service consumption (i.e. workout) and (b) that escaping the servicescape supports participants overall desire to escape from reality, which in turn has a positive impact on participants’ functional and emotional evaluation of the service. These results contribute to a rising research interest in the use of VR in a service environment and offers great potential to practitioners on how an application of VR technology may enhance service experience and subsequently increase customer satisfaction by changing the servicescape at low cost.

Introduction The Fourth Industrial Revolution brings a great change in the retail market through combining new digital technologies, such as data clouding, Artificial Intelligence, and Virtual Reality(VR) technology. The Alibaba group, which is in charge of 90% market share in China, announced a new Virtual Reality (VR) shopping mall, Buyplus, and Alibaba expected that VR will improve shoppers’ engagement and will experience the joy of shopping mall at home. The potential power of VR shopping mall in Korea is recently acknowledged by the Korean government and Korean government developed the full scale VR shopping mall for the first time in Korea. The VR shopping mall is expected to be a new paradigm of distribution channel industry by incorporating some advanced digital technologies. Conceptual Background In previous study, Pelet et al. (2017) investigated the optimal flow experience enhanced by the telepresence in social media. The overall flow provides a unique immersion experience for social media users, also the frequency of use and time distortion were affected during the use of the system. Choi and Choi (2016) conducted a study and they showed that telepresence was one of the important factors in the new technology-based marketing environment. Limioid Theory is explaining a psychological process when user enters into a new situation. Users have to decide how to expand and act on their own in a new situation, so users quickly fall into new situation and want to transit successfully (Huang & Liao, 2017). Virtual Reality shopping with new technology will bring a new marketing paradigm in the future. The purpose of this study is to analyze users’ telepresence and other underlying factors of behavioral intention of VR shopping. To achieve this primary goal, first, we investigated the factors of VR shopping psychology—such as telepresence, challenge, body ownership, and control for VR shopping. We also tried to investigate the factors of perceived value VR shopping - such as playfulness and usefulness by applying the Flow Theory and Virtual Liminoid Theory. Second, we analyzed the relationships between the factors of perceived value and the behavior intention VR shopping by applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This study suggests the moderating effects of technology readiness and time distortion between telepresence and playfulness. Model Testing and Conclusion In this study, we developed the virtual reality supermarket which is operated by headmounted VR glasses and body sensors with the help of VR technology start-up company. Total 120 university students participated and experienced the VR shopping. By using the structural equation model, research hypotheses were tested and most research hypotheses were statistically significant and accepted. The final research model also showed the statistical significance with the goodness-of-fit indices. We tried to analyze the moderating effects of time distortion and technology readiness between telepresence and playfulness. We also found that there is a moderating effect of time distortion between body control and playfulness. As a result of model testing, we found that playfulness and usefulness are the major mediators between the underlying factors of VR shopping and behavioral intention of VR shopping. The results of this study about VR shopping explain how retail and marketing managers can operate VR shopping store in the technology-based future retail environment. The managerial implications of the study results for the corporate marketing managers and the limitations of the study were also discussed.

Virtual Reality (VR) is no longer only a buzzword, but pronounced to be the next revolutionary platform after PCs and smartphones (Bellini et al., 2016). Up to this point research on VR has been primarily focusing on virtual product experiences (e.g.Klein, 2003; Li, Daugherty, & Biocca, 2002) or brand experiences (e.g.Van Kerrebroeck, Brengman, & Willems, 2017), whereas no research using a VR in conjunction with service concepts or provider-consumer relationships could be found. However, with service characteristics such as intangibility and a high uncertainty in purchase decisions the new technology could prove very useful in supporting customers in their purchase decisions (Lovelock & Wirtz, 2011). VR is able to simulate the consumption more similar and closer to a direct experience than other media and is hence be able to support the customer in his decision decision. Furthermore, and induced by the feeling of telepresence or spatial presence customers are transported to the virtually created service environment and hence enabled to familiarize with the service and connect with the service provider prior to the actual consumption (Balasubramanian, Konana, & Menon, 2003). The theoretical foundation lies with the Construal Level Theory (CLT) and the concept of psychological distance. As Trope and Liberman (2010) induce, objects that are closer to one’s direct experience (low psychological distance) are mentally construed on a lower (more concrete) level and thus perceived with a lower psychological distance or in other words close from the self, here, and now (Liberman & Trope, 1998; Trope & Liberman, 2010). The study at hand shows a direct positive relationship between the level of telepresence and the participants’ construal level, enabling service providers to reduce the level of psychological distance to their consumers with the help of VR. Further, the positive relationship between construal level and participants’ level of trust, risk and perceived firm knowledge could be proven as significant with the data at hand. This is both supporting and extending the existing literature (Darke, Brady, Benedicktus, & Wilson, 2016; Edwards, Lee, & Ferle, 2009). The results contribute to an increasing interest of the potential of construal level theory application in a service environment and offer great potential for service practitioners to reduce psychological distance to their customers and in the following increase trust and reduce risk, both being very central challenges when it comes to the purchase decision for services.

국제해양사고조사포럼(MAIIF)의 조사에 따르면 1998~2009까지 밀폐공간진입 시 발생한 101건의 사고에서 93명의 사망자와 96명의 부상자가 발생하였다. 이에 국제해사기구(IMO)는 밀폐공간진입을 위한 지침과 SOLAS 1974 협약 제3장 규칙 19를 개정하여 주기적으로 선박에서 밀폐공간진입 훈련을 시행하도록 강제화 하였다. 밀폐공간진입 훈련은 실제적이고 진입 시의 위험성을 인식할 수 있도록 실시되어야 하며, 훈련 중 훈련참가자나 교육생들의 안전도 고려되어야 한다. 최근에는 교육 및 훈련효과의 향상을 위해 가상현실(VR) 교육 컨텐츠들이 다양한 분야에서 이용되고 있으며, 이러한 방법은 장소의 제한 없이 실제적이고 반복적인 학습에 장점을 가지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 VR을 이용한 밀폐공간진입 훈련이 강의형 교육훈련과 비교하여 어떤 효과와 특징 및 차별성이 있는지 훈련참가자들에 대한 정량적 평가와 설문을 통해 확인하였다. 평가 및 설문분석을 통해 VR을 이용한 밀폐공간진입 훈련 참가자들의 학습요소에 대한 숙지도가 강의형 교육훈련 참가자들보다 우수하였고, 교육방식에 대한 참가자들의 주관적 선호도도 VR을 이용한 훈련이 높게 나타났다. 연구 결과 VR을 이용한 훈련의 학습효과를 확인할 수 있었으며, VR을 이용한 선상훈련은 동영상 및 시뮬레이터와 같이 효과적인 교육방식으로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

4차 산업혁명과 함께 국내외로 최첨단융합기술이 농업 분야에 적용되기 시작하면서, ICT, 스마트팜 등이 농촌 에 보급되기 시작하였다. 그러나 국내 농촌인구수의 지속적인 감소, 고령화로 인하여 최신 기술들의 전파에 어려움이 많은 실정이다. 이에, 다양한 농민 교육 프로그 램이 필요한 가운데, 최근 가상현실 기술이 떠오르면서, 농민교육용 프로그램 개발에 활용을 고려해 볼 수 있다. 현재 가상현실 기술은 교육, 의료, 오락 등 다양한 분야에 응용되고 있으며, 교육효과의 증진, 경제적인 교육, 위험성 감소 등의 장점을 바탕으로 농업 분야에 접목이 가능할 것으로 판단하였다. 특히, 스마트팜의 경우 내부의 환경 조절을 위하여 다양한 기술이 집약되어 운영이 되기 때문에, 농민들이 이러한 공기역학적 환경 분포를 이해하는데 가상현실 기술이 매우 효과적일 수 있다. 이를 위해서는 유동, 온도, 가스 등의 분석 및 측정 결과를 바탕으로 가시화하는 기술이 필요하다. 현장에서 직접 환경 요소를 측정하는 것에 한계가 있기 때문에, 최근 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있는 전산유체역학을 통 한 농업시설 내의 환경 분포 및 에너지 부하를 분석결 과를 융합하면 용이할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 농민이 대상이기 때문에 사용자 편의성을 고려한 인터페이스 구축이 병행되어야 할 것이다.

Virtual reality is one of the most popular technologies in the fourth industrial revolution. We suggest that virtual training using virtual reality would be more effective than existing training. Development of virtual trolley simulation content was done through Unreal Engine. Through the production of virtual reality content, we had developed a more advanced simulation development environment.

The virtual reality HMD is developed to enable interaction with the outside by combining cameras in the front, and will provide a 360 degree full-body tracking virtual reality game environment so that it can freely roam the room-scale area without any complicated line. However, compared to the development of devices, the actual space in which to operate it is still limited, which will be the biggest obstacle to freely exploring a wide range of virtual reality environments. In order to solve this problem, Redirected Walking, which allows people to explore the wide virtual reality space by tricking their cognitive ability, is under study, but there are unresolved problems and there is a permanent safety risk of virtual reality. In this paper, we propose an enhanced redirected walking that uses tof camera to control variables that lead to other directions before they can not go forward in the real world, and to visualize real spatial information in virtual reality game environment to cope with walls, obstacles, or sudden risk factors.

Compared to the early 2000s, the number of tourists in Korea has increased significantly. Approximately 40 million tourists visit Korea each year. In line with this trend, various technologies for developing tourism content have reached a very high level. Therefore, adding experience-oriented AR (Augmented Reality) game based on LBS (Location-Based System) to existing tourist contents will create a new tourism content platform that can give new experience to tourists . This paper proposes a tourism contents platform based on Suwon Hwaseong Fortress which can give such a new experience.

Recently, many studies on Mixed Reality have been going on. Virtual Reality can only show virtual objects, but Mixed Reality combines real-world information to open up more possibilities. In the game, interaction between the player and others is an essential factor, and games based on Virtual Reality or Mixed Reality using HMD are no exception. For this, we implemented a Mixed Reality System for the Behavior-like Interaction using an additional device to HMD that supports Virtual Reality. This paper presents the theoretical content, the overall contents of the implemented Mixed Reality System, the experiment, the evaluation, and the results.

목적: 본 연구에서는 VR(Virtual Reality)기기의 사용이 양안시기능에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아 보고자 하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 양안시기능 이상 및 안질환이 없고, 교정시력이 0.8 이상인 남·여(22.3±1.53 세) 20명을 대상으로 하여 VR기기(Virtual Reality, Samsung:Sm-r325, Korea) 사용 전후 시기능의 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 시기능검사는 자동굴절검안기(Huvitz HRK-8000A Korea)를 통한 굴절이상도, 단안조절근점, 폭주근점, 입체시(Titmus Fly)검사, 근거리 사위도(수정된 토링톤 법)를 측정하였다. 1차 시기능검사 후 30분 동안 VR기기를 사용 하도록 한 후, 검사를 재실시 하여 전과 후의 시기능 변화를 평가하였다. 결과: 굴절이상도는 VR기기 사용 전 등가구면굴절력 S-0.689D에서 사용 후 등가구면굴절력 S-0.754D로 S–0.065D 근시화 변화를 보였고, 조절근점은 VR 사용 전 9.66±2.41cm, VR 사 용 후 11.4±2.57cm로 1.74cm 증가하였으며 폭주근점은 8.56±1.88cm에서 10.03±2.29cm로 1.47cm 증가하였다. 입체시는 79±45.53sec에서 103.5±59.76sec로 24.5sec 차이의 변화를 보였고 근거리 사위도는 4.50±6.48△ 외사위에서 6.40±6.56△ 외사위로 1.90△ 변화량을 보 였다. 결론: 이상의 결과에 따라, VR(Virtual Reality) 기기 사용 후 근시도는 근시방향으로 증가하고, 조절근점과 폭주근점은 거리가 증가하여 조절력과 폭주력이 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 입체시는 VR 기기 사용 후 감소하고, 근거리 사위도는 외사위 방향으로 증가하였다. 따라서 VR 을 사용한 직 후 굴절검사나 양안시 검사 결과는 변화가 있을 수 있기 때문에 장시간의 VR 사용은 자제하고 적절한 휴식을 취하는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 증강현실 홈 트레이닝 시스템을 통해 가상 참여자의 존자개 사용자에게 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 한다. 구체적으로, 가상의 참여자가 제공되는 경우와 아닌 경우의 몰입, 인지된 경쟁, 그리고 정보 습득의 욕구의 차이에 대해 살펴보았다. 자동으로 실험 참여자들의 자세에 따른 정확도와 피드백을 제공하는 홈 트레이닝 시스템을 직접 개발하였고, 이를 활용하여 다음의 세 가지 가설을 실증하였다. 첫째, 가상의 참여자를 보며 트레이닝 시스템을 사용하면 그렇지 않은 경우보다 몰입이 더욱 높을 것이다. 둘째, 가상의 참여자를 보며 트레이닝 시스템을 사용하면 그렇지 않은 경우보다 인지된 경쟁이 더욱 높을 것이다. 셋째, 가상의 참여자를 보며 트레이닝 시스템을 사용하면 그렇지 않은 경우보다 정보 습득의 욕구가 더욱 높을 것이다. 실험을 통해 세 가지 가설이 모두 지지되었으며, 가상의 참여자가 이용자에 영향을 미침을 확인할 수 있었다. 기존 연구가 가상 트레이닝 시스템 그 자체에 대한 효과를 보는 것에 반해, 본 연구가 가상 트레이닝 시스템을 이용할 때 다른 운동 참여자가 나오는 영상을 보는 것이 유의한가에 대한 답을 하고 있다는 점에서 시사점을 제공한다.

The purpose of this study was to identify the moderating effects of internet shopping experience on appearance management in elder people, psychological adaptation and social connectedness. Data were collected from 257 elder people who living in Seoul or Gyeonggi-do. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, descriptive statistic analysis, moderated stepwise regression. The results of the study were as follows: First, appearance management of elder people was significantly related to psychological adaptation and social connectedness. Second, internet shopping experience moderated between appearance management and social connectedness. Third, internet shopping experience is not a moderator variable on between appearance management and psychological adaptation, it just was a influential factor on psychological adaptation. Based on these results, it suggests that there are strong needs of approaching of practical and political interventions to development internet shopping system for social connectedness and psychological adaptation of the elderly in future aging society.

식품의약품안전처는 효율적인 식중독 예방 교육·홍보를 위하여 모바일 증강현실 게임인 ‘식중독잡GO’를 개발 하고 식품안전의 날 등 11개 행사에서 시범운영을 하였다. 행사장에서 ‘식중독잡GO’를 체험한 사람을 대상으로 식중독에 대한 인지정도를 설문조사를 통해 살펴보았다. 설문조사 결과 ‘식중독잡GO’ 게임 전후대비 식중독예방 3대 요령 인지도는 게임 전 51.8%에서 게임 후 78.8%로 향상되었고, 개별 식중독균 인지도는 평균 2.1배 향상되었 다. 설문조사자의 95%가 식중독 이해에 도움이 되었다고 응답하였으며, 90%가 게임이 재미있었다고 응답하였다. 따라서, ‘식중독잡GO’를 유·초·중·고등 교육에 적용을 하면 식중독균의 주요증상, 원인식품 등 식중독 예방 요령의 다양한 교육적 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Using 3D based BIM(Building Information Modeling) enables a variety of construction simulations. The is no case to simulate BIM demonstration experiment on deeply immersed virtual reality environment in korea. This paper develops a multi screen based simulation system to enable 3D based immersed environment to diverse decision making and virtual construction simulation. In a developed simulation laboratory, we can carry out BIM drawing review, disaster evacuation simulation, constructability review on wild land and design urban planning using haptic device on 3-side space with 4K resolution . Also, It can review large amount of drawings without data conversion because of compatibility with BIM software.

In this study, the distribution of each facility group, the pollution level of local municipalities and the status of self-measurement were investigated and analyzed using data provided by the Ministry of Environment. It was found that most of the workplaces to be managed are facilities of sensitive class, indoor parking lots and largescale stores. The results of the survey on the total pollution level by facility group showed that the rate of contamination was the highest in the facilities where there are many sensitive users, including the subway station and the underground shopping malls. Through self-measurement, in the case of fine particle matter, it was found that it was present in amounts of 51.71 μg/m3, 50.72 μg/m3, 44.47 μg/m3 and 54.44 μg/m3 in medical institutions, day care centers, elderly care facilities and postnatal care centers, respectively. Also, there were facilities exceeding the standard in the medical institutions. However, most of the pollutants in the facilities surveyed by the municipality are higher than the self-measured concentrations, so it is necessary to examine the cause of such pollution.