The synthetic method of pyrazole was performed by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with dipolarophile instead of the reaction between diazomethane and acetylene. The cycloaddition mechanism and reactivity of 3-phenyloxadiazole derivatives with dipolarophiles was investigated. In order to investigate the mechanism and reactivity of this cycloaddition, the effect of substituents having various kinds of electron withdrawing or releasing groups were examinated. Considering the effect of substituents, an electron withdrawing group attached at the 4-carbon position in 3-phenyloxadiazole derivatives decrease the reaction rate because of the lack of electron density in oxadiazole ring. The reaction rate of 3-phenyloxadiazole derivatives with dipolarophiles were more conveniently measured using UV than using a volumetric analysis which was used before. From the result of this study, it was that the cycloaddition was found to be a first-order reaction depending upon the concentration of 3-phenyloxadiazole only.

In this research, ultra-thin films of organic charge transfer complex were deposited on to ordinary microscope slide-glass subtrates with a Langmuir-Blodgett technique. π-A isotherm characteristics of these complex were studied in order to find optimum conditions of deposition by varying temperature of subphase, compression speed, and spreading amount. Transfer ratio of these films were studied during the process of deposition. The UV-visible absorbance spectra of LB films were measured to find state of deposition by varing layer number. The observed optimum conditions of surface, pressure, spreading amount, and dipping speed for depositing LB films(Y-type) were 38m/Nm, 150μl and 5mm/min, respectively. Since the tansfer ratio is close to 100%, the monolayer on the subphase seems to be well transferred to the solid substrate. The thickness of the film was well-controlled as the UV-vis absorbance of films were changed linear according to the number of layers.

PFO(pyrolized fuel oil) and C10+ oil, which are the residual heavy oils form a NCC(naphtha cracking center), were heat-treated to produce the precursor-pitch for carbon materials. After PFO was initially distilled near 300℃ to separate the volatile matters recovering as high-quality fuel oil, the residuum of nonvolatile precursor-pitch was then thermally pyrolized in the temperature ranges from 350℃ to 450℃. Spinnable isotropic pitch with the softening point of 200℃ and the toluene insolubles of 36wt% was obtained at 365℃, and then was successfully spun through a spinneret(0.5mm diameter). After spinning, an isotropic carbon fiber of 25μm diameter was obtained via oxidation and craboniation procedures. Mesophase spherules began to be observed from the product pitch pyrolized at 400℃, and bulk mesophase with a flow texture was observed above 420℃. In the case of C10+ was the feed was polymerized in the presence H2SO4 at room temperature to increase the molecular weight and then heat-treated gradually up to 200~250℃. The products obtained with the softening point of 80~190℃ were carbonized at 500 and 1000℃ to examine the morphology.

Triacylglycerols of the seeds of Ginkgo biloba have been resolved by high-performace liquid chromatography(HPLC in the silver-ion and reverse-phase modes. The fatty acids were identified by a combination of capillary gas chromatography and gas-chromatography /mass spectrometry as the methyl and /or picolinyl ester. The main components are C18:2Ω6(39.0mol%), C18:1Ω7(asclepic acid 21.5mol%), and C18:1Ω9(oleic acid, 13.8mol%). Considerable amounts of unusual acid such as C20:3δ5,11,14 (5.7mol%), C18:2δ5,9(2.8mol%), and C18:3δ5,9,12(1.6mol%), were checked. In addition, an anteiso-branched fatty acid, 14-methylhexadecanoic acid, was also present as a minor component(0.9 mol%). The triacylglycerols were separated into 17 fractions by reverse-phase HPLC, and the fractionation was achieved according to the partition numnber(PN) in which a δ5-non methylene interrupted double bond(5-NMDB) showed different behaviour from a methylene interrupted double bond in a molecule with a given cahinlength. Silver-ion HPLC exhibited excellent resolution in which fractions(23 fractions) were resolved on the basis of the number and configuration of double bonds. In this instance, the strength of interaction of a δ5-NMDB system with silver ions seemed to be weaker than a methylene interrupted double bond system. The principal triacylglycerol species are as follows ; (C18:2Ω6)2/C18:1Ω7, C18:1Ω9/C18:1Ω7/C18:2Ω6, (C18:1Ω7)2/C18:2Ω6, C16:1Ω7/C18:1Ω9/C20:3δ5,11,14, C16:1Ω7/C18:1Ω7/C20:3δ5,11,14, C18:1Ω9/C18:1Ω7/C18:2Ω6, C18:1Ω9/C18:2δ5,5/C20:3δ5,11,14, (C18:1Ω7)2/C18:2Ω6 and (C18:1Ω9)2/C18:2Ω6, while simple triacylglycerols without C18:2Ω6)3 were not present. Stereospecific analysis showed that fatty acids with δ5-NMDB system and saturated chains were predominantly located at the site of sn-3 carbon of glycerol backbones. It is evident that there is asymmetry in the distribution of fatty acids in the TG molecules of Ginkgo nut oils.

Spin finish(NSFs) for synthetic fiber were prepared. NSF-3 was proved to be the best spin finish by testing the properties and emulsion stability, etc. of NSFs. NSF-3 prepared by blending of spindle oil 70g, paraffin wax 10g, glyceryl mono-oleate 5g, POE(10) nonylphenyl ether 4g, POE(20) sorbitan tri-oleate 4g, Na-dioctyl sulfosuccinate 4g, antistatic agent 2g and water 1g was excellent in its characteristics. Optimum physical conditions of nylon filament treated with NSF-3 according to the number of revolution of oil roller were obtained at conditions of 5.5rpm in the number of revolution of oil roller, 1.21% of oil pick up, and denier 69.2D.

It is the problem point of stability for this study to produce cosmetics and to occur in the circulation process, and specially in a case of alcoholic toilet water the precipitation materials to float on content materials has study on the solubility of perfume, and it has practiced in order to examine the problem point whether the raw materials of plastic vessel is or not harmful in content materials. In testing result, A study on stability of alcoholic toilet water is above all the precipitation materials which floats in content materials, and It is appeared by combination ratio to the raw materials of perfume, ethanol, solubilizer and refining water etcs, and in second the alkali degree which has gushed out of glass vessel can understand the thing that the change of PH is largely increased following to the passage of time, and in third the harmful component of content materials out of raw material in plastics vessel must certainly consider a stability and a safety in quality control of products.

본 연구는 간을 함유하지 않은 소시지와 각각 5%, 15%, 30%, 45%의 간을 함유한 세절형(sliceable)과 퍼짐형(spreadable) 그리고 훈연 퍼짐형(smoked spreadable) 소시지를 제조하여 간소시지의 산패도를 측정하여 보고하는 바이다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 소시지의 조지방 함량은 간의 함량이 증가할수록 조지방 함량이 유의하게 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 제조공정별로 살펴보면 간 45% 함유 소시지의 경우에는 제조공정에 상관 없이 15%이하의 낮은 지방 함량을 나타내어 간의 함량에 따라 소시지의 지방 함량에 유의한 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 2. 제조일에는 세절형 소시지가 퍼짐형 소시지보다 산가가 유의하게 높게 나타났으며 훈연한 퍼짐형 소시지도 훈연하지 않은 퍼짐형 소시지의 산가 1.74~1.80보다 더 높은 산가를 나타내었다. 산가는 종류별로 산발적인 차이를 보이나 간의 첨가량이 증가할수록 산가가 다소 증가하는 경향이 나타났다. 3. 간 소시지의 저장시 과산화물가는 간의 함량과 제조공정에 상관없이 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 증가하여 제조일에는 27.19~29.43이었으나 저장 14일에는 85.35~88.56으로 저장 28일에는 117.86~145.14로 증가하였다. 4. Malonaldehyde 함량은 간의 함량에 따른 차이는 없었으나 제조일에는 세절성 소시지가 2.72~2.73μg/g으로 가장 높은 malonaldehyde 함량을 나타내었으며, 훈연하지 않은 퍼짐형 소시지군이 1.32~1.33μg/g으로 가장 낮은 수치를 나타내었다. 저장기간에 따라 malonaldehyde의 함량은 증가하였다.

Furfurylidene acetophenone derivatives were synthesis, it was measured that nucleophilic addition made use of UV at a wide pH 1.0~13.0 range in 30% dioxane-H2O solution, 25℃. On the basis of general base catalysis, substitutent effect, confirmation of nucleophilic addition products, it was measured the reaction rate of furfurylidene acetophenone derivatives for the pH change. It may be concluded that a part was unrelated to pH and another part was in proportion to concentration of hydroxide ion: Above pH 10.0. sulfide anion adds to the double bond (Michael type addition), a part having no concern with pH, addition reaction to double bond is initiated by addition of neutral thiourea molecule. From the result of measurement the reaction rate, nucleophilic addition of furfurylidene acetophenone derivatives confirmed to the irreversible first order. Through measurement the substituent effect. It found that reaction rate was accelerated by electron attracting group. On the basis of these findings, nucleophilic addition of thiourea for the furfurylidene acetophenone derivative was proposed a fitting mechanisms.

There were a dramatic change in technical aspect in Korean detergent industry for past 5~6 years. we, detergent industries, have been trying to find out a new way of production and better goods on environment as well as men to decrease domestic wastes and water pollution. In addition, increasing expense for transportation, storage and displaying give us another difficulties. Compact detergents are best method to solve this problems. Detergent ingredients, formulations and process were concentrated to the development of compact detergents. Now, I'll introduce about the recent trends in technical aspect and near future's prospects in Korean detergent industry.

Naphthoquinone-1,2-diazide-5-sulfonyl[NDAS] derivatives members of quinone diazide compound that are utilizable as photosensitive polymer material were synthesized, and photoresist were prepared by mixing these derivatives with m-cresol novolak(a matrix resin) at various weight ratios. Photosensitive characteristics of photoresist were studied by examining UV and IR, relative sensitivity using a Gray scale method, and SEM to analyze if they can be used as photosensitive material in printing process. Experimental results showed that, by UV, NDAS derivatives were photoconverted and developer-soluble photoresist were produced. The mixing ratio of 1:4(by mass) of NDAS+p-ydroxybenzophenone+sensitizer and m-cresol novolak gave rise to the highest dissolution rate. In addition, photoresist obtained at this condition resulted in the most superior sensitivity and contrast.

Durable softening water repellents such as PODCW, PDDCW, and PEDCW were prepared by blending cationized polymers, fatty carbamide, waxes, and emulsifiers. The cationized polymers included poly (octadecyl methacrylate-co-2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) [PODC], poly (n-dodecyl methacrylate-co-2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) [PDDC]and poly (2-ethylhexyl methacrylate-co-2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) [PEDC]. After the PET fabrics were treated with these water repellents, water repellency, softness, and durability of the PET fabrics were examined by various methods : water repellency by the hydrostatic pressure and the contact angle methods, softness by crease recovery and tearing strength, and durability by washability, respectively. Rating of water repellency of PET fabrics treated with PODCW was 80+, but those treated with PDDCW and PEDCW were not high enough to be used in industry.

Thermograms of methylene blue(MB) in L-α-lecithin vesicle and incorporated purple membrane vesicle(InPM) systems have been studied by photochemical reaction differential scanning calorimetry at 25~55℃. Phase transition temperatures of lecithin vesicle, purple membrane(PM), and InPM were found to be independent of illumination of light(436nm) at 39~40℃, but endothermic phase transition was found in InPM vesicle. In MB-InPM system, endothermic phase transition was found on unillumination of light at 40~42℃, but exothermic phase transition was found on steady illumination of light at 48~52℃. It was estimated that the light energy absorbed from MB on vesicular surface was transferred to PM, and the transferred energy was redistributed to hydrophobic site of membrane. Therefore, the exothermic phase transition was measured at high temperature because of the increased hydrophobicity of acyl chain.

The excess volumes of mixing of benzyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, halothane, and procaine in vesicle and suspensions of several lipids have been determined at 25℃ using a excess volume dilatometer. The potency of general anesthetics has long been known to be correlated with lipid solubility. Denaturations of the bacteriorhodopsin, which is a sole membrane protein in the purple membrane of Halobacteriun Halobium, were studied by UV/Vis absorption changes. The excess volumes of mixing of benzyl alcohol and procaine in egg lecithin were all found to be negative and this result was confirmed as Miller's supposition.

Many alternatives to Trichlorothane & Trichlorotrifluoroethane mainly used as cleaning solvent for industrial parts are developed and commercialized because the solvent is scheduled to phaseout after 1996. Considering there are many kinds of parts and contaminants in all parts cleaning, It is essential to investigating the characteristics and performance of the alternatives prior to use. For the contaminant of a standard oil, waters, hydrocarbon and halogen parts which are the comercially available and promising alternatives were experimented at the same condition of Trichlorothane & Trichlorotrifluoroethane to check the cleaning performance. Overally, the removal efficiency of halogen solvent parts was better than that of hydrocarbon or waters parts for removing the standard oil used in this experiment.

It is well known that the metallo- phthalocyanine (MPcs) are sensitive to toxic gaseous molecules such as NO2 and also chemically and thermally stable, Therefore, lots of MPcs have been studied for the potential chemical sensor for NO2 gas using quartz crystal microbalance(QCM) or electrical conductivity. In this study, ultra-thin films of octa(2-ethylhexyloxy)copper-phthalocyanine were prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett method and characterized by using UV-VIS absortion spectroscopy and ellipsometry. Transfer condition, and characterization of LB films were investigated and preliminary results of current-voltage(I-V) characteristics of these films exposed to NO2 gas as a function of film thickness and temperature were discussed.

In the separation of toluene/n-heptane mixture by the emulsion type liquid membrane in an batch system, the effect of surfactant on the separation factor and membrane stability was studied over the surfactant concentration ranging form 0.1 to 1.5wt％ at the contact time of 5 and 10 minutes. and the settling time of 5 and 10 minutes. The surfactant used was sodium lauryl sulfate. The separation factor reached its maximum value at the surfactant concentration of 0.5wt％ for surfantant. It was found that the percentage of membrane breakup reached its minimum values and the separation factor showed its maximum value at the surfactant concentration of 0.5wt%. which confirmed that efficient separation could be effect when emulsion liquid membrane was stable because of low membrane breakup.

EMA-co-DAMA were synthesized from 2-diethylaminoethyl metacrylate and ethylhexyl metacrylate in acrylmonomer. To facilitate water emulsification, acrylic copolymer was cationized by acetic acid to produce acetated acrylic copolymer. The structures of the synthesized copolymer and acetated copolymers were confirmed by IR, NMR, and molecular weight was measure by GPC, and C.H.N elemental analysis. Acetated acrylic copolymers were perfectly emulsified in water and showed increased emulsion stability. Polymer dispersion for cement modifier[(PDCM-PED) water proof agent of cement for concrete in building construction] was prepared by blending of the guaternized acrylic copolymer syndisized above, sodium silicate, sodium gluconate and oleic acid emulsion. The result with prepared polymer dispersion of cement modifier was examined, and it was found that excellent waterprooffing effect ; Water permeability ratio is 0.50 under the water pressure of 100g/cm2 and 0.60 under 3kg/cm2, and water absorption ratio is 0.42~0.50 and 1.0~1.02 compressive strength ratio at mixed of water/PDCM-PED is 50 times.

In this study, sensitizing dye was prepared by the reaction of 2-methyl-3-sulfopropyl-4,5-naphthothiazolium(inner salt) with triethyl orthobenzoate in the presence of triethylamine. The product was identified by using various analytical tools such as elemental analyzer, IR spectrophotometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, 1H-NMR spectrometer, TGA and DSC. Therefore, it was concluded that 9-phenyl-3,3'-bis(3-sulfopropyl)-4,5,4',5'-naphthothiazolo carbocyanine triethyl ammonium salt can be used as red-sensitizing dye for the spectral sensitization of photographic emulsion.

In acid-catalyzed acetal cyclization of long aliphatic aldehydes(R=n-C7H15 ; n-C9H19 ; n-C11H23) with 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, 2-alkyl-5-hydroxymethyl-5-ethyl-1,3-dioxanes were obtained. The final products, sodium 2-alkyl-5-(sulfonatedpropylethermethyl)-5-ethyl-1,3-propanesultion in the presence of sodium hydride. These compounds were a new group of destructible surfactants which were readily hydrolyzed and oxidized in natural water reservoirs. Physical properties of these new compounds involved some surface properties such as Krafft point(Kp), critical micelle concentration(cmc), surface tension of aqueous solutions near cmc(γmin), foaming power, emulsion power and hydrolysis properties were determined. The destructible surfactants containing 1,3-dioxane ring were synthesized to about 85±5.5% yield. The cmc values of the compounds by ring method were assumed to 0.5~5.0×10-3mol/L range and surface tensions at cmc were 29.5~33.0dyne/cm respectively at 25℃. The foaming power and foam stability were 170~230mm and 52~135mm respectively at 1×10-2mol/L, foam was occurred rarely below 1×10-3mol/L. The emulsion property of liquid paraffin was better than that of soybean oil. For hydrolysis property with ph and time, these compounds were decomposed within about 200minutes at ph1~2. Hopefully these compounds are expected to be a good O/W emulsifier that have decomposability in acid and may be used in the process which do not need foaming.