Polyimide is a well-known organic dielectric material, which has not only high chemical and thermal stability but also good electrical insulating and mechanical properties. In this research, the electric conduction mechanism of PI Ultra-Thin Films was investigated at room temperature. At low electric field, ohmic conduction (I∝V) was observed and the calculated electrical conductivity was about 4.23×10-15~9.81×10-15 S/cm. At high electric field, nonohmic conduction (I∝V2) was observed and the conduction mechanism was explained by space charge limited region effect. The dielectric constant of PI Ultra-Thin Films was about 7.0.

Anti-corrosive coatings for steel structures with an alternative anti-corrosive pigment, polyaniline was prepared and anti-corrosive characteristics of the prepared coatings were investigated. The structure of the polyaniline was identified by using FT-IR, UV/Vis. and TGA analysis, and the anti-corrosive properties were analyzed from the results of the salt spray experiment. We found that the anti-corrosion properties of the prepared coatings varied in accordance with the types of primer coating resins as well as with the existence and nonexistence of the top coating. In this condition, the properties of adhesion, chemical resistance, and water resistance were found to be very satisfactory when using the single-packaged urethane resin as the primer coating resin and the urethane resin as the top coating resin.

Methanol and formaldehyde were produced directly by the partial oxidation of methane over mixed oxide catalysts. The catalysts were composed of Mo and Bi with late-transition metals, such as Mn, Fe, and Co. The reaction was carried out at 450℃, 50 bar in a fixed-bed differential reactor. The prepared catalysts were characterized by O2-TPD and BET apparatus. Among the catalysts used, the catalyst composed of 1:1:2.5 molar ratio of Mo:Bi:Mn showed the best methane conversion and methanol selectivity. The change in ratio of methane to oxygen affected at the conversion and selectivity, and the most proper ratio was 10:1.5. Methane conversion, methanol and formaldehyde selectivities increased with the surface areas of the catalysts. From the O2-TPD result, it was found that the oxygen species responsible for this reaction might be the lattice oxygen species desorbed at high temperature around 800℃.

From experiment results on pharmacetical characteristics and analysis of Glycyrrhizin extract, some conclusions are obtained as follows. From results on extract experiment of Glycyrrhizin, it appeared about 8%-extraction ratio as semi-solid state, and after dried in freezing from Glycyrrhizin extract of semi-solid state, it obtained about 70%-Glycyrrhizin extract as solid state of yellow gold color. From results on antimicrobial experiment of Glycyrrhizin extract, number of S-typhimurium and Fungus in microbe decreased more and more according to time passage. This phenomenon shows that Glycyrrhizin extract keeps antimicrobial effect. From results on antioxidation experiment of Glycyrrhizin extract, DPPH scavenging activity of free radical shows that Glycyrrhizin extract appears more remarkable reduction ability than reference samples. This phenomenon means that antioxidation of Glycyrrhizin extract appears higher than Vitamin-C and BHA. From results on instrument analysis, the fatty and aromatic components of 2-pentanone, cyclohexasiloxane, tetrasiloxane, benzoquinoline-2-carboxylic acid etcs from Glycyrrhizin extract was detected with GC/MS and inorganic components of Ca, Mg, Ti, Zn, Fe etcs from Glycyrrhizin extract was detected with ICP/OES.

Y2-xGdxO3:Eu, phosphors for plasma display panel(PDP), were prepared by Pechini method which use yttriun chloride, gadolinium chloride, and europium oxide as starting materials. This method is a different way to the synthesis of europium(Eu)-doped phosphors, and it consists of the formation of a polymeric resin obtained by polyesterification between metal chelate compounds and a polyfunctional alcohol. This needs lower temperature than solid-state synthetic method. The prepared Y2-xGdxO3:Eu phosphor particles had spherical shape and coherence. The luminescence intensity of Y2-xGdxO3:Eu phosphor particles increased according to the increase of gadolinium(Gd) content(to 0.8mol%), and Y1.2Gd0.8O3:Eu phosphors had the highest luminescence intensity under vacuum ultra violet(VUV) excitation. The optimum concentration of Eu in the phosphor and optimum calcination temperature was 3wt% and 1100℃. The prepared phosphors were consist of particle, and its size was between 100nm and 150nm. Among the different polyfunctional alcohols, diethylene glycol(DEG) improved the luminescence intensities of phosphors more than other additives. The Pechini method proved that it is demonstrated to be suitable for the synthesis of phosphors used in PDP.

Direct decomposition of methane over three types of carbon black (N330-p, N330-f, and HI-900L) was carried out in a fluidized bed quartz reactor. Properties of carbon black before and after reaction were measured and found to be related with surface structure and weight gain. For N330-p and N330-f, some carbon deposit on the surface was considered to be the reason for the increase of BET surface area and pore volume with weight gain. Carbon deposits on the surface and the conglutination of some aggregates may explain the slight increase of particle size. Properties of HI-900L changed much more significantly with weight gain. It is supposed that the increase of aggregate size of HI-900L were due to some unknown oily components. The corresponding agglomeration might be the reason for the decrease of BET surface area with weight gain, as compared with the increase of that for the case of N330 black.

To provide an aqueous rust inhibitor for metalworking lubricant having low toxicity and excellent rust resistance, we synthesized diester of malonic acid by three consecutive esterifications with over 98% of conversion. This substituted malonic diester could be used as an additive to mineral oil based metalworking lubricant. These metalworking lubricant compositions were showed excellent rust resistance and suitable for various metals and different metalworking processes including hot rolling and cold rolling of aluminum and aluminum alloys.

It is desirable to have an accurate expression on the temperature dependence of surface(or interfacial) tension Σ, because most of the interfacial thermodynamic functions can be derived from it. There have been proposed several equations on the temperature dependence of the surface tension, Σ(T). Among them Eotvos equation and the one modified by Katayama, which is called Katayama equation, for improving accuracies of Eotvos equation close to critical points, have been most well-known. In this article Katayama equation is interpreted on the basis of the cell model to understand the nature of the equation. The cell model results in an expression very similar to Katayama equation. This implies that, although Eotvos and Katayama equations were obtained on the basis of experimental results, they have a sound theoretical background. The Katayama equation is also modified with the phase volume replaced with a critical scaling expression. The modified Katayama equation becomes a power-law equation with the exponent slightly different from the value obtained by critical-scaling theory. This implies that Katayama equation can be replaced by a critical-scaling equation which is proven to be accurate.

Because of the difference in the relative reactivity between two hydroxyl groups of the hydroquinone due to the steric hindrance of the substituent, many combinations of the substituent direction in the polyesters derived from asymmetrical diphenol such as monosubstituted hydroquinone was expected. It was studied how the mode of the direction affected the properties of the resulting polyesters in terms of the transition temperatures of the thermotropic polyesters prepared from terephthalic acid, 2,4-dichloroterephthalic acid and phenylhydroquinone by the reaction using diphenyl chlorophosphate in pyridine. The direction was tried to control the relative reactivity by changing the reaction temperature and the addition time of hydroquinone, and by modifying it through an association of hydroquinone with LiCl.

Acrylic adhesives for automobiles protection were prepared by emulsion polymerization. Monomers used were n-butyl acrylate(BA), acrylonitrile (AN), butyl methacrylate(BMA), glycidyl methacrylate(GMA), and acrylic acid (AA). Emulsifiers used were sodium lauryl sulfate and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, which are an anionic emulsifier and a nonionic emulsifier respectively. Potassium persulfate was used as an initiator and polyvinyl alcohol was used as a stabilizer. Emulsion polymerization was carried out in a semi-batch reactor at 70℃ and agitation speed was kept at 200 rpm. Water resistance, heat resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance and smoke resistance were examined. As a result, when each 0.03 mole of GMA and AA was introduced, the adhesion properties and various above mentioned resistances of the prepared adhesives were satisfied the standard for automobiles.

The conductances of trimethyltetradecylammonium bromide (TTAB) plus triphenyltetradecyl phosphonium bromide (TTPB) and TTAB plus trimethylhexadecylammonium bromide (HTAB) over the entire mole fraction range of TTAB were measured in water and in cyclodextrin plus water mixtures at fixed 4 and 8 mM of cyclodextrin at 30℃. The conductivity plot for both binary mixtures shows a single break from which the mixed critical micelle concentration and degree of micelle ionization were computed. From the slope of the conductivity curve, the equivalent ionic conductivities of the monomeric, associated, and the micelle states were calculated and discussed with respect to the surfactant-cyclodextrin complexation in the whole mole fraction range of both surfactant binary mixtures. The association constant K between the respective monomeric surfactant and cyclodextrin cavity of fixed 4 mM cyclodextrin was computed by considering 1:1 association from the surface tension measurement. A comparison among the K values for HTAB-cyclodetrin, TTAB-cyclodextrin, and TTPB-cyclodextrin shows that the former complexation is significantly stronger in comparison to the other ones due to the longer hydrophobic tail.

The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue(MB) was investigated using TiO2 as photocatalyst and UV radiation. TiO2 supported with activated carbon(AC) was prepared by SOL-GEL method and depended on several parameters such as the mass ratio of TiO2/AC, pH and experimental time. The presence of the anatase and rutile crystal phase was determined by XRD analyses of the prepared TiO2. The degradation of MB with TiO2/AC was about 20% higher than that of AC alone. A variation of photodegradation was negligible under UV radiation conditions ( ≥ 40W). It was experimentally showed that the photodegradation rate was increased with increasing the amount of photocatalyst. The optimal catalyst was prepared by impregmation of 5wt%-TiO2 with AC and was calcined at 300℃, and showed about 99% removal efficiency for 3hrs.

The accidents occurred by unstable material which is easily exploded or burnt up were caused by heat and collision under the condition of relatively low temperature without oxygen, have been reported frequently. However, the amount of the unstable material is getting higher by development of fine ceramic research area even though its dangerous characteristic is disregarded. This research studied a heat stability and measured boiling point of various carpet material. Carpet has been used in home as well as general indoor usage. Now a day, carpet material which is hardly burnt has been on commercial, but its detailed unstable conditions is not mentioned. This research reports the measurement of the initial temperature of generation heat and heat-radiation change on differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The DSC data of nylon bulked continuous filament (N-BCF) yam 100%, nylon (NY), poly propylene (PP), and a new material named polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) are studied and researched about the effect of them using TGA, furnace, and direct-burning experiment.

We investigated the electrochemical properties for Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films mixed with fatty acid (8A5H) and phospholipid (DLPE, DMPC, and DPPA). LB films of 8A5H monolayer and 8A5H-phospholipid mixture were deposited using the Langmuir-Blodgett method on the indium tin oxide(ITO) glass. The electrochemical properties measured using cyclic voltammetry with three-electrode system, an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, a platinum wire counter electrode and LB film-coated ITO working electrode at various concentrations(0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mol/L) of NaClO4 solution. A measuring range was reduced from initial potential to -1350 mV, continuously oxidized to 1650 mV and measured to the initial point. The scan rate was 50, 100, 150 and 200 mV/s, respectively. As a result, LB films of fatty acid and phospholipid (8A5H/DLPE and DPPA) appeared irreversible process were caused by only the reduction current from the cyclic voltammogram and LB film of 8A5H-DMPC mixture was found to be caused by a reversible oxidation-reduction process.

Theoretical total nitrogen removal efficiency and reactor volume ratio in oxic-anoxic-oxic system can be found by influent water quality in this study. The influent water quality items for calculation were ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, alkalinity, and COD which can affect nitrification and denitrification reaction. Total nitrogen removal efficiency depends on influent allocation ratio. The total nitrogen removal follows the equation of 1/(1+b). Optimal reactor volume ratio for maximum TN removal efficiency was expressed by those influent water quality and nitrification/denitrification rate constants. It was possible to expect optimal reactor volume ratio by the calculation with the standard deviation of ±14.2.

Benzoxazolo carbocyanine compounds were synthesized by condensation of a suitable ortho-ester with an appropriately substituted 2-methylbenzoxazole in the presence of triethylamine. This compounds used as green sensitizing dyes in photographic emulsions. The compounds are characterized by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The values(m/z) of structurally significant ions observed in FAB spectra. It was showed tentative fragmentation pattern in FAB spectroscopy of HN(C2H5)3 cations in glycerol/trifluoroacetic acid matrix.

From the result of pharmacetical characteristics and analysis of Green-tea extract, it could obtain some conclusions as follows. The extract experiment of Green-tea appeared about 10%-extraction ratio as semi-solid state, and after dried in freezing from Green-tea extract of semi-solid state, it obtained about 65% Green-tea extract as solid state. In the results on antimicrobial experiment of Green-tea extract, number of S-typhimurium and fungus in microbe decreased more and more according to the time passage. This phenomenon could show that Green-tea extract keeps antimicrobial effect. In the results on antioxidation experiment of Green-tea extract, DPPH scavenging activity of free radical showed that Green-tea extract appears more remarkable reduction ability than reference samples. This phenomenon means that antioxidation of Green-tea extract appears higher than Vitamin-C and BHA sample. In the results on intrument analysis, the fatty and aromatic components of aniline, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, trichloroethylene, caffeine etcs from Green-tea extract was detected with GC/MS analysis and inorganic components of Ca, Mg, Cu, Mo, Sb, Ti etcs from Green-tea extract was detected with ICP/OES analysis.

The high-solid coatings were prepared by blending the synthesized acrylic resin in the previous paper, and hexamethylene diisocyanate-trimer and curing it at room temperature. The characterization of the films of the prepared coatings was performed. The 60˚ specular gloss, impact resistance, cross-hatch adhesion, and heat resistance of the films proved to be good, and the pencil hardness, drying time, and pot-life proved to be slightly poor. From a viscoelastic measurement using a rigid-body pendulum, curing was accelerated with the Tg value.

In order to obtain the maximum flame retardancy as well as the minimum deterioration of physical properties of PU flame-retardant coatings, chlorine and phosphorus functional groups were introduced into the pre-polymer of modified polyesters. In the first step, the tetramethylene bis(orthophosphate) (TBOP) and neohexanediol dichloroacetate (DCA-adduct) intermediates were synthesized. In the second step, 1,4-butanediol and adipic acid monomers were polymerized with the two kinds of intermediates to obtain copolymers. The modified polyesters containing chlorine and phosphorus (ATBA-10C, -20C, and -30C) were synthesized by adjusting that the content of phosphorus compound was fixed as 2wt% and the contents of chlorine compound (dichloroacetic acid) were varied as 10, 20, and 30wt%. Average molecular weight and polydispersity index of the preparation of ATBAs were decreased with increasing DCA content because of the increase in hydroxyl group that retards reaction.

In this paper, magenta coupler was prepared by the reaction of 1-(2,4,6-Trichlorophenyl)-3-(5-amino-2-chloroanilino)-5-pyrazolone with 2,4-di-tert-pentyl-phenoxy butanoyl chloride in the presence of pyridine. The product was identified by using various analytical tools such as melting point, elemental analyzer, IR spectrophotometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and GC-mass spectrometer. The reaction of magenta coupler with CD-3 (color development agent) was shown magenta color.