As the Fourth Industrial Revolution advances, smart factories have become a new manufacturing paradigm, integrating technologies such as Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and big data analytics to overcome traditional manufacturing limitations and enhance global competitiveness. This study offers a comprehensive approach by evaluating both technological and economic performance of smart factory Research and Development (R&D) projects, addressing gaps in previous studies that focused narrowly on either aspect. The research combines Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to quantitatively compare the efficiency of various topics. This integrated approach not only identifies key research themes but also evaluates how effectively resources are utilized within each theme, supporting strategic decision-making for optimal resource allocation. Additionally, non-parametric statistical tests are applied to detect performance differences between topics, providing insights into areas of comparative advantage. Unlike traditional DEA methods, which face limitations in generalizing results, this study offers a more nuanced analysis by benchmarking efficiency across thematic areas. The findings highlight the superior performance of projects incorporating AI, IoT, and big data, as well as those led by the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MOTIE) and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The regional analysis reveals significant contributions from non-metropolitan areas, emphasizing the need for balanced development. This research provides policymakers and industry leaders with strategic insights, guiding the efficient allocation of R&D resources and fostering the development of smart factories aligned with global trends and national goals.

This study examines the beliefs and practices regarding performance assessment among Korean English teachers in secondary schools. A survey was conducted with 109 teachers using a 52-item online questionnaire to investigate the extent to which teachers’ beliefs align with their instructional practices and to categorize them based on these criteria. Although teachers acknowledge the pedagogical advantages of performance assessment, a significant gap exists between their beliefs and actual implementation, primarily due to the considerable time required for its execution. Teachers with longer tenure and higher qualifications demonstrated a more positive and effective application of performance assessment. The findings highlight the necessity for targeted professional development to enhance teachers’ use of performance assessment strategies, especially for those who are skeptical about their effectiveness. Such initiatives are essential for bridging the gap between beliefs and practices, fostering an environment that promotes the effective use of performance assessment, and ultimately improving teaching quality and student learning outcomes in Korean English education.

This study aims to implement an integrated control system for a micro drill bit grinding machine to increase the processing stability and production efficiency of the equipment. The system consists of a WTGM mechanism, an environmental measurement sensor (RMU device), a control server, and a control client, and collects production statistics and alarm information in real time to enable central monitoring and statistical analysis. Through the control system, managers can check data and solve problems anytime and anywhere, thereby increasing the stability and efficiency of the production process. As a result of the experiment, it showed excellent performance in all evaluation items such as alarm occurrence time, notification time, and event operation time through temperature and humidity sensors, and contributed to productivity improvement through immediate response through e-mail and SNS notification. In conclusion, the implemented system optimizes the operating rate and inventory management of the equipment through real-time monitoring and yield analysis, and it is expected to improve system performance as it can be used as learning material for pattern analysis and deep learning algorithms in the future.

With the increasing integration of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education, there is a growing demand for accessible AI-powered platforms for teachers and students. This study examines the efficacy of an online question-making platform using GPT-3.5 generated content to develop Korean students’ question-asking skills in English. Employing a mixed-methods approach, we assessed the platform’s impact on students’ question making abilities and its feasibility in classroom settings. Participants included thirty students from a 4th grade elementary school English classroom in Korea and seven elementary school teachers. Quantitative data were collected through pre- and post-tests measuring students’ question-making skills, while qualitative insights were gathered from semi-structured teacher interviews. Results indicated that the application was able to significantly improve students’ question-making abilities. Thematic analysis of interviews indicated positive perceptions of the platform’s usability and p otential f or l anguage learning. Findings m ay contribute to the growing body of research on using artificial intelligence in L2 education and offer practical insights for educators seeking to leverage advance language models in their instructions.

The purpose of this study is to construct an industry-sector-fishery competitiveness index, examine the types and changes of competitiveness, and derive implications by processing data from the Survey on the Current Status of Offshore and Inshore Fishery from 2013 to 2020 for this study. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, considering the overall competitiveness of offshore fishery by industry and year, offshore octopus farm and the other five fishing businesses were relatively competitive. Second, considering the overall competitiveness of inshore fishery by industry and year, we found that shrimp trawl fishing and glass eel gill net fishing were relatively competitive. Third, offshore longline and the other four fishing businesses were relatively competitive between 2014 and 2020 by looking at the types of competitiveness based on the competitiveness index in the offshore fishery of management and fishing sectors by industry. Fourth, shrimp trawl fishing was relatively competitive between 2014 and 2020 based on the competitiveness index in the inshore fishery of management and fishing sectors by industry and year. The results of this study have some limitations in outlier treatment, grade assignment, and weight for aggregation. Therefore, research on the analysis of competitiveness index and type in offshore and inshore fisheries considering these limitations needs to be conducted in the future. In conclusion, the results of this study which were derived objectively and scientifically are expected to help the central or local governments determine the priority of support projects or investments such as fishing boat reduction project. To meet these expectations, a high level of quality control is required for data of the Survey on the Current Status of Offshore and Inshore Fishery underlying this study.

본 연구는 2021년 다문화가정 실태조사 자료를 활용하여 이주민들의 노후 준비 현황을 분 석하였다. 연구 대상은 여성가족부에서 실시한 다문화가정 실태조사에 참여한 결혼이민자 및 귀화자 14,185명으로, 이들의 노후 준비에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 분석 항 목으로는 성별, 소득 수준, 한국어 능력, 자산관리 주체, 체류 자격 등을 포함하여 이주민의 노후 대비 상태를 다각적으로 평가하였다. 연구 결과, 이주민들은 주 소득원으로 국민연금 (50.1%)과 저축성 보험(32.4%)을 주로 활용하고 있었으며, 보조 소득원으로 사적 연금 (10.1%)과 퇴직금(8.3%)의 비중이 높았다. 또한, 소득 수준이 높을수록 노후 준비가 잘 이루어지고 있으며, 체류 안정성이 높은 그룹 (영주권자, 재외동포)에서 노후 준비 비율이 높게 나타났다. 한국어 능력이 높은 이주민일수 록 노후 대비가 잘 이루어지는 반면, 경제적 여건이 열악한 저소득층 및 방문 취업자의 경우 노후 준비가 미흡한 것으로 확인되었다. 특히, 이주 여성들은 남성에 비해 경제적 기회가 제한되어 있어 노후 대비가 부족한 경향을 보였다. 본 연구는 이주민들이 직면한 경제적, 사회적 어려움을 반영하여 이들의 노후 준비를 지원하기 위한 정책적 시사점을 제공한다.

본 연구는 다문화 청소년 지원 사업 중 후기청소년까지 수혜 대상을 포괄한 다톡다톡 프로젝트를 다차원 정책분석모델을 통해 분석하였다. 다톡다톡 프로젝트는 이주배경청소년을 대상으로 하여 사회적응과 정서 적 안정을 돕기 위해 2013년부터 2020년까지 운영된 민간 주도의 상담 및 심리치유 프로그램으로, 후기 청소년까지 포괄하여 다양한 연령대의 다문화 청소년에게 지원을 제공한 국내 유일의 사례이다. 본 연구는 규 범적, 구조적, 구성적, 기술적 차원의 네 가지 분석틀을 통해 다톡다톡 프로젝트의 정책적 가치와 목표, 제도적 구조와 집행 과정, 주요 이해관 계자 간의 상호작용, 그리고 실행 결과와 성과를 종합적으로 평가하였다. 규범적 차원에서는 프로젝트의 지향점과 다문화 청소년의 안정적 사회정 착을 위한 가치가 강조되었으며, 구조적 차원에서는 민간과 공공의 협력 을 통한 정책 추진 체계와 그 과정에서 나타난 한계가 분석되었다. 구성 적 차원에서는 청소년과 지역사회, 정부 기관 간의 상호작용이 프로젝트 의 중요한 구성 요소로 확인되었고, 기술적 차원에서는 심리적 지원과 직업훈련 등의 실질적 성과가 다톡다톡 프로그램의 효과를 뒷받침했다. 연구 결과는 다톡다톡 프로젝트가 다문화 청소년, 특히 후기 청소년을 위한 지속적이고 체계적인 지원이 이루어질 필요성을 시사한다.

Apartments such as those on the 29th floor are generally classified as high-rise buildings; however, they may be excluded from certain safety regulations since they do not meet the legal definition of "high-rise" buildings. According to the Korean Building Act, buildings with 30 or more floors are typically regarded as high-rise buildings, warranting specific disaster prevention and safety standards. Nevertheless, buildings between 20 and 30 floors are often excluded from high-rise building regulations, which may lead to relatively insufficient safety standards and has been identified as a "blind spot in safety management." Enhancing appropriate safety facilities and strengthening regulations for such buildings is crucial, particularly in areas such as fire prevention, evacuation planning, and fire-fighting facilities. This study compares and examines the evacuation times of designated evacuation safety zones and emergency elevators in high-rise apartments as defined by the Building Act and in buildings constructed with floors between 20 and 30 through evacuation simulations.

이 논문은 W. B. 예이츠의 유산과 멜리스 베스리의 소설 􋺷흩어진 사랑􋺸에 서 나타나는 뼈의 상징적 공명을 탐구한다. 소설에서 예이츠의 유령은 그의 삶, 예술, 그 리고 자신의 유해라는 수수께끼 같은 운명을 되새기며 지속적인 주제들을 반추한다. 뼈의 모티프는 사랑, 죽음, 그리고 기억의 교차점을 포괄하는 서사적이고 은유적인 축으로 기능한다. 이러한 관점에서 이 논문은 베스리가 예이츠의 미완의 열정, 특히 모드 곤에 대한 사랑을 어떻게 재구성하며 그의 정체성의 더 넓은 문화적, 역사적 차원을 어떻게 탐구하는지를 살펴본다. 예이츠의 유해 발굴과 재매장에 얽힌 논란은 예술적 불멸성과 신체의 덧없음 사이의 긴장을 심화시키며, 이는 아일랜드의 복잡하고 종종 단절된 역사 적 서사를 반영한다. 예이츠를 현대 문학적 맥락에 배치함으로써 베스리는 그의 비전을 확장하면서도 변모시키며, 사랑, 상실, 유산에 대한 예이츠의 사색을 현대적 맥락에 녹여 낸다. 이 논문은 베스리의 소설이 뼈를 기억의 매개체로 부각시키며 예이츠의 시적 상상 력과 그녀 자신의 재해석 사이의 다리를 놓는다고 주장한다. 궁극적으로, 이 연구는 예 이츠와 베스리가 공유하는 죽음, 역사, 그리고 예술과 감정의 초월적 힘에 대한 탐구가 여전히 중요한 의미를 가진다는 점을 강조한다. 􋺷흩어진 사랑􋺸 은 예이츠의 사랑의 유산 을 재구성하며, 그 자체로 그 유산의 본질적 일부가 된다.

Recently, there have been studies on space and time priority queues, where space priorities are given to a class of packets that are sensitive to loss, and time priorities to another class of packets that are sensitive to delay. However, these studies have been restricted to such models with push-out space priorities. In this paper, we extend the studies to the space and time priority M/G/1 model with partial-buffer-sharing (PBS) space priorities, where the whole buffer is divided into two regions: one is shared by packets of all classes and the other is dedicated only for packets of the higher space-priority class. Since the PBS space-priority mechanism can be implemented more readily in communication systems than the push-out one, there have been a lot of contributions on PBS space-priority queues. However, there are no contributions on space and time priority queues with PBS space priorities. To analyze the proposed queueing model, we first study the probabilistic structure of the service time of a packet, which is more involved to analyze than the push-out alternative because it may be divided into three different regimes: a regime (S-period) from the beginning of the service until the shared buffer region becomes full, a second one (P-period) from the end of the S-period until the whole buffer becomes full, a third one (F-period) from the end of the P-period until the end of the service. Using the distributions of the S-, P-, F-periods, we then construct and analyze the embedded Markov chain and the corresponding semi-Markov process governing the system state, and also derive system performance measures such as expected sojourn times and loss probabilities of different priority classes of packets. In numerical examples, we finally explore the effect of the shared buffer size, which is a major system control parameter of PBS priority queues, and the distributions of the service times of packets of different classes on the system performance measures.

This study analyzes the language identity of a 1.5 generation Korean woman in her 30s through a qualitative research method, focusing on her journey of seeking a stable sense of belonging, and reveals its sociocultural implications. The research participant is a woman in her 30s who moved to Germany, with her family in her early teens. She chose, maintained, and strengthened her sense of belonging between Korean and German in the following ways. First, the participant held German citizenship but did not consider herself to have citizenship rights. Second, she perceived people who spoke Korean well as attractive and wanted to connect with Korea. Third, the participant utilized her Korean language skills to position herself as marked German. This study is significant in that it explores the process by which a 1.5 generation Korean woman constructs her language identities, builds a sense of belonging, and shapes her meaning of existence, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of the various aspects of Korean diaspora.

창업역량은 기업가정신 연구의 핵심 개념이지만, 이에 대한 정의와 구성개념에 대한 학술적 합의는 부족한 실정이다. 우리 연구는 창업역량의 개념적ž조작적 정의를 체계적 으로 도출하고, 이 개념을 구성하는 하위요소 간 상대적 중요도를 조사하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 가추법적(abductive) 추론 과정으로 전문가 심층인터뷰, 델파이 조사(Delphi method), 계층구조 분석(Analytic Hierarchy Process)을 수행했다. 연구 결과, 6개의 창업역량 구성개념(재무관리, 디지털마케팅, 학습, 직원관리, 기회지향성, 고객지향성)과 36개의 측정 문항이 도출되었다. 또한, 창업역량 중 재무관리와 디지털마케팅 역량이 상대적으로 중요하고 기회지향성과 고객 지향성은 비교적 낮은 가중치를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 창업역량-경영성과 관계성 연구, 신생의 불리함 연구 등에 이론적 시사점을 제시하고, 예비창업자에게 창업역량 진단도구의 형태로 실용적 기여를 할 수 있다.

Neural machine translators (NMTs), such as Google Translate, may assist second language (L2) readers with general comprehension. However, previous empirical studies show mix ed r esults r egarding their e ffectiveness. In this study, 145 Korean English learners from a girls’ high school were asked to solve three types of reading comprehension problems (grammar judgment, inferring meaning from context, inferring main idea) under three reading conditions (no aid, MT, glossary). Overall, when using MT, reading comprehension scores were higher than in either the no aid or glossary conditions individually. However, none of the reading aid conditions improved grammar judgment. Only mid-proficiency learners benefited from MT in both inferring meaning from context and inferring main idea tasks. The results suggest that the glossary may have interrupted the flow of the reading process. With the widespread availability of MT as an online reference tool, L2 teachers should consider incorporating MT as a legitimate reading aid for different proficiency levels and reading purposes.

In recent years, electric shock accidents at industrial sites continue to occur, and various measures are being taken to reduce accidents. Among them, safety education is mentioned as a basic measure for the prevention of industrial accidents and the protection of workers. This study attempted to empirically analyze the effect of electrical safety education on safety consciousness and safety behavior and verify whether it is effective. To this end, a total of 343 people, including workplace managers and workers, were surveyed, and frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and simple linear & hierarchical regression analysis were conducted using the SPSS 24.0 statistical program. As a result of the analysis, first, it was found that the higher the electrical safety education, the more positive (+) effect was on the safety consciousness. Second, it was found that the higher the electrical safety education, the more significant positive (+) effect was on safety behavior. Third, it was found that the higher the safety consciousness, the more positive (+) effect was on safety behavior. Finally, it was verified that safety consciousness plays a partial mediating role in the influence of electrical safety education on safety behavior.

지역방언은 해당 지역이 가지고 있는 언어 문화자원이며, 분명한 지역 성을 나타내준다. 오늘날 지역의 관심이 높아지면서 지역방언이 활용되 는 사례가 늘어나고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지역방언과 브랜드디자인 의 개념과 기능을 바탕으로 브랜드태도를 알아보기 위해 선행을 통해 지 역방언 브랜드 사례 중 전라도방언을 활용한 브랜드 ’역서사소‘를 사례로 총 365명으로 설문을 시행하고, SPSS 29.0을 이용하여 분석 및 t-검정 을 실시하였으며, 가설에 관한 결과를 도출하였다. 그 결과, 지역방언을 활용한 디자인과 브랜드태도 간 관계에서, 지역방언을 활용했을 때 브랜 드태도의 영향이 높다는 분석을 통해 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 지역방언 이 특정 지역이나 집단에서 사용되는 언어의 변형으로 그 지역이나 집단 의 독특한 문화와 정체성이 반영되었으며,브랜드디자인에 지역방언을 활 용함에 따라 소비자들이 브랜드와의 강한 정서적 연결을 형성할 수 있는 지를 탐구한 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지역방언을 활용한 디자인상 품에 대한 소비자들의 브랜드태도를 규명해보고자 한다.

Defective product data is often very few because it is difficult to obtain defective product data while good product data is rich in manufacturing system. One of the frequently used methods to resolve the problems caused by data imbalance is data augmentation. Data augmentation is a method of increasing data from a minor class with a small number of data to be similar to the number of data from a major class with a large number of data. BAGAN-GP uses an autoencoder in the early stage of learning to infer the distribution of the major class and minor class and initialize the weights of the GAN. To resolve the weight clipping problem where the weights are concentrated on the boundary, the gradient penalty method is applied to appropriately distribute the weights within the range. Data augmentation techniques such as SMOTE, ADASYN, and Borderline-SMOTE are linearity-based techniques that connect observations with a line segment and generate data by selecting a random point on the line segment. On the other hand, BAGAN-GP does not exhibit linearity because it generates data based on the distribution of classes. Considering the generation of data with various characteristics and rare defective data, MO1 and MO2 techniques are proposed. The data is augmented with the proposed augmentation techniques, and the performance is compared with the cases augmented with existing techniques by classifying them with MLP, SVM, and random forest. The results of MO1 is good in most cases, which is believed to be because the data was augmented more diversely by using the existing oversampling technique based on linearity and the BAGAN-GP technique based on the distribution of class data, respectively.

This study aims to establish the concept of fish welfare and develop guidelines for its implementation in South Korean aquaculture. As global awareness of animal welfare grows, scientific evidence shows that fish are sentient beings capable of experiencing pain and that stress has led to increased demand for welfare standards in aquaculture. International organizations like WOAH and the EU have set welfare standards for farmed fish, emphasizing their importance for health, productivity, and food safety. However, in South Korea, fish welfare is still an emerging concept with limited research. This study systematically defines fish welfare, assesses its feasibility in domestic aquaculture, and proposes guidelines tailored to local conditions. The findings highlight the need for gradual implementation, considering the unique biological and environmental factors in fish farming.

Despite the widespread recognition of the prominent contribution of key language subskills, such as grammar and vocabulary knowledge, to reading comprehension, a research consensus on their relative significance has not been reached. Moreover, the extent of the contribution vocabulary depth makes to reading comprehension has received little research attention. The present study assessed the relative potential contribution of vocabulary depth and grammar knowledge to advanced Korean EFL college students’ reading comprehension abilities, while controlling for their language proficiency and vocabulary breadth, through hierarchical regression analyses. 56 advanced EFL Korean college students were tested on reading comprehension abilities and a range of reading-related subskills including vocabulary breadth, vocabulary depth, grammar, and listening comprehension in English. The findings revealed the unique contribution of vocabulary depth to reading comprehension abilities beyond the effects of both vocabulary breadth and grammar knowledge when English proficiency was controlled for. The findings further underscore the need for balanced approaches in developing L2 learners’ language skills to enhance their reading comprehension abilities.

이 연구에서는 교수요목기부터 7차 교육과정에 이르기까지 초등사회과 교육과정에 나타난 금융교육 내용 요소를 분석한다. 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리나라 초기의 교육과정에서 금융교육 관련 내용은 대체로 은행이나 조합과 같은 금융기관에 대한 이해와 절약 및 저축에 대한 강조가 주를 이루었다. 둘째, 이후 교육과정이 개정을 거듭하는 과정에 서 금융기관에 대한 이해와 절약에 대한 강조는 점차 줄어들었으며, 가정의 수입과 지출에 대한 이해와 이에 바탕을 둔 현명한 소비와 같은 가계의 재무관리 측면이 부각되는 경향을 보였다. 셋째, 교육과정이 여러 변화를 거듭하는 과정에서도 저축에 대한 강조는 약화되지 않았다. 넷째, 보험, 예금, IMF 등과 같이 일회적으로 등장했다가 사라진 금융교육 내용 요소가 있다.

아일랜드 문학의 저명한 인물인 W.B. 예이츠는 소중한 친구인 로버트 그레고리의 죽음 이후 깊은 슬픔과 실존적 의문에 직면하게 되었다. 이러한 상실은 그 의 죽음에 대한 성찰에 깊은 영향을 미쳤다. 본 논문은 로버트 그레고리 소령을 추모 하며 , 아일랜드 비행사가 그의 죽음을 예견하다 , 양치기와 염소치기 와 같이 로버 트 그레고리를 위해 쓴 예이츠의 애가를 통해 그의 복잡한 감정과 철학적 신념을 탐 구하며, 죽음과 환생이라는 주제가 이 애가들에 어떻게 반영되었는지 살펴본다. 로버 트 그레고리의 특성을 분석함으로써 숭고함과 초연함에 대한 예이츠의 인식을 엿볼 수 있으며, 이는 죽음을 바라보는 그의 독특한 관점도 제공한다. 이들 애가를 탐구하 는 것은 예이츠의 삶과 죽음에 대한 철학적 통찰을 깊이 이해하는 데 필수적이다.