본 연구는 가톨릭 민족주의와 프로테스탄트 합병주의라는 이분법적 환 원주의를 강화시키는 아일랜드의 기념 정치를 탐구하기 위해 마이클 롱리가 사용한 기억 시학을 분석한다. 첫째, 롱리의 기억 시학은 양귀비꽃 이미지를 사용하여 제1차 세계대전과 북아일랜드 분쟁을 상징적으로 연결시키며, 기념 정치의 이분법을 극복한 다. 둘째, 롱리는 포스트-1916세대의 노스탤지아를 통해 역사적 희생자들 간 연대의 비전을 제시한다. 그는 과거에 실현되지 않은 가능성들을 탐구하는데 있어 세계대전과 북아일랜드 분쟁의 희생자들을 병치시켜 당대 지배적인 기념 정치를 탈신화한다.

This study explores the introduction and applicability of the Species Protection Index (SPI) as a tool to evaluate the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation. Specifically, the SPI was recalculated for amphibians in Korea and compared with the internationally provided SPI results. The pilot evaluation of SPI for amphibians showed an increase from 41.52, based on international data, to 44.25, indicating that SPI calculations using domestic data can reflect conservation status more accurately than international SPI results. The findings suggest that SPI can serve as an important scientific basis for formulating national biodiversity conservation policies and managing protected areas, contributing to the development of more effective conservation strategies.

To prevent and improve various metabolic-related diseases caused by modern high-energy eating habits, alternative meats using mushroom materials are being researched. In this study, high-moisture (HMMA) and low-moisture meat analog (LMMA) were prepared using Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting body (oyster mushroom) powder and isolated soy protein as the raw materials in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Textural characteristics tended to decrease as the oyster mushroom content increased. HMMA exhibited a fibrous structure similar to that of chicken, whereas LMMA did not show a characteristic fibrous structure. The water absorption capacity of substitute meat decreased with increasing mushroom powder content. Radical scavenging activity, a measure of antioxidant activity, increased with increasing mushroom content in the substitute meat because of the influence of antioxidant components such as polyphenols in mushrooms. In terms of the prepared substitute meat's color, it was less vibrant and lacked intensity, which is thought to make it less appealing to customers. To address this issue, more ingredients need to be investigated.

This study investigates the effect of machine translation (MT) use on the writing performance of Korean EFL students, focusing on complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF). Six participants completed a series of writing tasks in which they first translated their L1 writing into L2 manually and then used MT to revise their L2 drafts. This process was repeated across ten different writing topics. Participants’ drafts were analyzed using CAF measures to assess MT’s impact on their writing performance and observe changes over tasks. The results show that MT significantly improved accuracy and fluency. However, gains in syntactic and lexical complexity were less evident. While group-level analysis showed consistent progress, individual trajectories varied widely, indicating diverse patterns of development. Overall, the findings suggest that MT enhances writing accuracy and fluency among Korean EFL students, although its impact on syntactic and lexical complexity is limited. These results indicate that MT can serve as a valuable tool for self-directed learning, helping students independently improve their writing accuracy and fluency and develop essential self-editing skills. This study highlights the potential of MT as a supplementary tool to support EFL students’ writing development, along with traditional instruction.

Processing of medicinal plants and mushrooms plays a crucial role in oriental medicine. This study investigated the antioxidant potency and chemical composition of antler-shaped Ganoderma lucidumprocessed under different heating temperatures (120 to 180 °C) and times (10 to 20 minutes). Processed samples were analyzed for their antioxidant activities, including total phenol content, DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging capacity, NO assay, ROS scavenging capacity, and chemical composition changes. Antioxidant potency was highest with processing at 180 °C for 10 min and at 210 °C for 10 min. This enhanced activity is likely attributed to changes in compound functional groups due to heat processing, which in turn influences antioxidant activity. In contrast to antioxidant potency, chemical components, including ganoderic acid D, ganodermanonitriol, and ergosterol, showed decreasing trends with increasing temperature and time.

본 논문은 윌리엄 버틀러 예이츠(W. B. Yeats)의 시 나는 그대의 주 (“Ego Dominus Tuus”)에 나타난 니체적 예술관과 자아 이론을 분석한다. 예이츠는 니 체의 사상을 긍정하며 자아와 반자아의 갈등을 창조적 에너지로 전환하고, 이를 통해 예술적 자아와 이상적 삶의 가능성을 탐구한다. 본 논문은 예이츠가 마스크 이론(Mask theory)을 통해 자아를 재구성하고자 한 의도를 조명하며, 자아의 분열과 대립을 예술 적 이상화 과정의 필수적 요소로 이해했음을 논의한다. 또한, 나는 그대의 주 에 나타 난 예이츠의 창조적 긴장과 자아의 변형 과정을 통해, 그의 시 세계가 지향하는 이상 적 삶과 예술의 상호작용을 규명한다. 이를 통해 예이츠가 니체의 예술로서의 삶을 어 떻게 자신의 시적 비전에 통합했는지를 밝힌다.

The genus Xylaria, a large and diverse group within Ascomycota, plays an important role in forest ecology as decomposers. Several new Xylaria species have been recently identified. In this study, the morphological and molecular characteristics of Xylaria species found in Korea were analyzed based on the latest classification systems. Notably, species with characteristics similar to Xylaria cubensis and X. rogersii, which were not previously reported in Korea, were identified. X. cubensis grows on rotten wood and is characterized by brownish clavate stromata with rounded apices and small, dark ascospores. X. rogersii, found in Magnolia spp., has long stromata with a dark-brown, fine-striped outermost layer and subhyaline to yellowish single-celled ascospores. Genetic analysis using a combined dataset of internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and RPB2 sequences revealed that these species form a distinct group separate from other known species. Further investigations included detailed macro- and micromorphological studies, as well as molecular analyses to establish their taxonomic positions more precisely.

Tricholoma matsutake is a commercially valuable fungus that produces gourmet mushrooms. The artificial cultivation method that is currently used to produce fruiting bodies involves the transplantation of pine trees infected with T. matsutake from their natural habitats and the successful infection of young pine trees and mushroom production have been reported in Hongcheon. In this study, T. matsutake genetic diversity and relationships in this region were investigated. A genotype analysis was conducted on 25 fruiting bodies collected from an area approximately 2.56 km2 in size using 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The analysis revealed 25 genotypes and 23 alleles with mean observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosities of 0.312 and 0.293, respectively. The average polymorphism information content (PIC), which indicates marker polymorphism, was 0.257. A phylogenetic analysis showed no clear correlation between collection location and genetic distance; a spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated no significant genetic structure within 1600 m; and the Mantel test showed no significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances. These results were consistent with previous reports on Japanese populations. This study provides insights into the genetic diversity and structure of T. matsutake at a local scale and highlights the need for further studies across broader geographical ranges.

The study explores the relationship among teacher identity, teacher transparency, teacher self-efficacy, and teachers’ adaptation to digital change. Eighty-four English teachers participated in the study. For comparison between English and other subject teachers, 38 survey results of different subject teachers were included in the analysis. The results showed that English teachers’ scores were lower across all the constructs in terms of both transparency and self-efficacy compared to the scores of teachers in other subjects. For further analysis, the Structural Equation Modeling was run, and the results revealed that teacher transparency influences teacher self-efficacy, facilitating digital adaptation. Instructional Transparency and Peer Transparency were significant predictors of selfefficacy, directly influencing digital adaptation. This result illustrates the dynamic interplay between evolving teacher identity and self-efficacy in relation to digital adaptation through the relationship between teacher transparency and teacher selfefficacy. The findings indicate the need for targeted programs to enhance English teachers’ transparency and self-efficacy as a pathway to their digital adaptation.

2022년 우리나라의 합계출산율이 0.78명으로 역대 최저를 기록했다. 그러나, 한 국의 최저 출생률 상황에서도 유아용품 시장은 성장하고 있는 특이한 양상을 보이고 있다. 좋은 제품을 원하는 부모의 소비 욕구와 경제적 합리성을 고려한 양육자의 소비 특성은 유아 용품 시장의 양면성을 나타내는 것이다. 그러나 이에 대한 연구는 미비하기에, 본 연구는 유아 용품 소비자의 양면적 특성을 분석하여 소비가치가 태도와 구매 의도에 미치는 영향을 살펴 보고자 하였다. 특히 유아용품 브랜드 유형을 중저가와 프리미엄으로 분류하고 이에 따른 소비 가치와 소비자 행동 간의 상관관계를 조사하여 시장에 유용한 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 프리미엄 유아용품 브랜드와 중저가 유아용품 브랜드의 양면적 소비자에게 미치는 영향을 탐색하였고, 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아용품의 소비가치는 일반적으로 태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 사회적 가치는 유아용품의 소비가치 중에서 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 프리미엄 유아용품에서는 사회적 가치가 태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지만, 중저가 유아용품에서는 부정적인 영향을 미친것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 중저가 유아용품은 기능적 가치의 중요성이 높았다. 넷째, 프리미엄 유아용품과 중저가 유아용품 간의 제품 구매를 통한 감정적 만족도에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 다섯째, 유아용품 구매 시 대다수의 소비자가 이성적 가치와 감정적 가치를 복합적으로 고려하는 양면적 소비자로 나타났다. 실무 적으로는 프리미엄 유아용품과 중저가 유아용품의 차이에 대한 이해를 통해, 사회적 가치에 대한 브랜드 전략의 중요성과 중저가 유아용품에서는 기능성 강조가 효과적일 것임을 강조 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 유아용품 시장의 동향과 소비자 행동에 대한 깊은 이해를 제공하여 기업 들이 효과적인 전략 수립에 기여할 것으로 기대할 수 있다.

Flammulina velutipesis highly valued and widely consumed because of its nutritional and functional benefits, and its global demand is steadily increasing. However, rapid quality deterioration and short shelf life create an urgent need for effective preservation and advanced quality assessment of Flammulina velutipes. The aim of this review was to identify methods that reduce postharvest quality loss, extend shelf life, and optimize storage and distribution practices for Flammulina velutipes. Chemical treatments (including antioxidants, 1-methylcyclopropene, and edible coatings), low-temperature plasma, and innovative nanocomposite-based packaging have been effective in maintaining Flammulina velutipesquality after harvest. Nevertheless, further discussions on the economic feasibility, safety, and sustainability of these technologies are essential for their practical and industrial applications in Flammulina velutipespreservation.

This study aims to analyze the correlation between the digital literacy competency and the TPACK (Technological Pedagogical And Content Knowledge) of Korean language teachers. By measuring both the digital literacy competency and the TPACK of Korean language teachers, the study analyzes the correlation between these two variables. To this end, the digital literacy competency of Korean language teachers was divided into ‘technical, cognitive, and socialjustice aspects’ for investigation. The results showed that cognitive digital literacy was the highest competency, while technical digital literacy was the lowest. TPACK was further divided into TK (Technological Knowledge), TCK (Technoligical Contenet Knowledge), TPK (Technoligical Pedagogical Knowledge) and TPCK for measurement, revealing that teachers scored the lowest on TK and the highest on TPK. The analysis revealed a strong correlation between technical digital literacy and TPACK, suggesting that enhancing technical competencies should be prioritized. Furthermore, based on the finding that teaching experience in Korean language education does not influence digital literacy and TPACK, it is believed that practice-oriented teacher training focused on integrating digital tools and technologies could enhance teachers’ digital literacy competencies.

예이츠가 아일랜드 민중과 겪었던 갈등—『서방세계의 난봉꾼』(The Playboy of the Western World) 공연 사태, ‘휴 레인 논쟁’(Hugh Lane controversy), 중산층의 물질주의 등—을 통해 켈트 신화와 민담만으로는 더 이상 아일랜드인의 공감을 얻지 못한다는 것을 깨닫고 현실 속에서 상징을 찾아내 구축하는 결정적인 계기는 1916년 부활절봉기이다. 부활절봉기 이후 예이츠는 내전기 동안의 폭력적인 어두운 현실에서도 희망을 잃지 않고 아일랜드의 독립을 희망한다. 그리고 독립한 아일랜드에서 예이츠는 현실 정치에 대한 환멸을 신화의 도시인 비잔티움으로의 여정이라는 상징을 통해 극복하려 한다. 늙고 죽음을 목전에 둔 시기에 예이츠는 자신이 구축한 신화가 더 이상 유용하지 않음을 깨닫지만 버려지고 쓸모없는 것들에 상징적인 의미를 부여함으로써 역설적으로 작품과 인생 전체를 신화화한다.

This study questions whether bilingualism in Korean multicultural education is constructed, perceived, and practiced as a discourse of ‘tolerance’. The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions, practices, and implications of bilingual education by analyzing policy documents and field research texts related to multicultural language education. Five major discourses on migrants’ languages in Korea are identified: Korean language as the key for migrants to succeed; Korean language for migrants vs. English language for Koreans; migrants’ languages as a sign of problems and deficiencies; and migrants’ languages for global recognition of Korea. This paper argues that bilingualism in Korea works as tolerance because the discourses and practices of bilingual education, which seem to recognize diverse languages, in effect, discriminate against migrants’ languages, positioning migrant students and their languages as the objects of tolerance, and delimiting the boundaries of tolerance and intolerance. Further, bilingual education discourses depoliticize language discrimination and educational inequality that migrants face.

The current study examines the digital behaviors of 124 university students enrolled in a blended learning class in Korea. The students were divided into two groups (upper and lower) based on their scores on a self-regulated learning questionnaire. Their digital behaviors were compared across four areas: (a) task completion scores; (b) strategy use; (c) the days on which tasks were completed; and (d) learning gains. The results revealed a significant difference in task completion scores between the upper and lower groups. However, no meaningful difference was observed in strategy use between the two groups. Students in the upper group were more proactive in completing videos, homework, and TOEIC tests, often finishing these tasks ahead of deadlines. In contrast, students in the lower group tended to complete their assignments on the due date. Finally, there were no significant differences in learning gains between the two groups. These findings may inform the design and management of online L2 learning programs.

This study was conducted to collect data from various regions of Jejudo Island, Korea to establish a more accurate and complete academic listing of mushrooms on the island by identifying and organizing them using base sequence analysis. The investigation was performed over five years, from 2019 to 2023, and included a total of nine sites in the southern, western, and eastern areas of Jejudo Island. In total, 481 unique mushroom varieties were collected during the study. These mushrooms included 387 specimens that were classified into 6 classes, 18 orders, 55 families, 118 genera, and 201 species, and 94 unclassified specimens for which the precise species was not known. The collected mushrooms classified by ecotype consisted of 148 species of saprophytes, 47 species of symbionts, and 6 species of parasites. Differences in occurrence patterns were also observed depending on topographical characteristics and vegetation. Finally, three climate-sensitive biological indicator species and two candidate species were also collected, as well as the tropical mushroom Macrocybe gigantea. This study identified 91 species of mushrooms that were previously unreportedon the Jejudo Island. According to the current findings and those previously reported, 7 classes, 26 orders, 123 families, 399 genera, and 1,102 species of mushrooms have been compiled on Jejudo Island to date.

The Institute for Planning and Evaluation of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (IPET) is a quasi-governmental agency established under the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs that efficiently supports the planning, management, and evaluation of research and development projects to foster food science and technology for agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. The results of this study were used to prepare basic data and identify research trends to help understand Korea's mushroom industry by analyzing the related research published in the final report of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry from 1995 to 2020. The annual research trends are as follows: 1 in 1995, 7 in 1998, 6 in 2000, 9 in 2003, 9 in 2006, 10 in 2008, 5 in 2012, 3 in 2015, 8 in 2018, and 4 in 2020. They increased rapidly from the second half of 1990 to the second half of 2010 but decreased thereafter. The research fields were as follows: quality and postharvest management (45 articles, 32.3%), cultivation and production (41 articles, 29.5%), facilities (19 articles, 13.7%), genetic breeding (14 articles, 10.1%), biotechnology (14 articles, 10.1%), and others (6 articles, 4.3%).

This study investigates the common liaison errors made by Chinese learners of Korean, specifically focusing on the tendency to add redundant consonants, as identified in previous research. The primary aim is to verify prior findings that such errors, especially involving the addition of the same consonant, are particularly prevalent after the final /ㄴ/ consonant. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the influence of gender, region of origin, Korean proficiency, native language interference, and learners’ understanding of Korean phonological rules. Findings confirm that the addition of identical consonants in / ㄴ/ final consonant is indeed frequent and largely unaffected by learners’ region of origin or Korean proficiency level. However, female learners show a slightly higher error rate compared to male learners. Key contributing factors include differences in syllable structure and phonemic characteristics between Korean and Chinese, the impact of null consonants, and learners’ limited understanding of Korean syllable and consonant rules. These insights are valuable for Korean language educators in addressing phonological errors among Chinese-speaking learners.

본 연구는 한국 정부의 코로나 19 지원정책이 한국 제조 기업의 혁신활동에 미 치는 영향을 실증분석한 연구이다. 선행연구에 따르면, 정부는 조세, 자금, 금융 지원 등 다양 한 정책을 통해 기업의 혁신활동을 촉진할 수 있으며, 실제 이러한 정책들이 기업의 혁신 활 동 및 성과에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 평가되어왔다. 그러나, 정부 지원 정책의 효과는 지원 유형과 기간에 따라 다를 수 있으며, 동일한 정책이라도 지원 분야 및 산업에 따라 그 효과가 달라질 수 있다. 본 연구는 과학기술정책연구원(STEPI)에서 제공하는 2020 한국기업 혁신조사(KIS)자료를 사용하여 팬데믹 기간 코로나19 지원정책의 효과를 실증분석하였다. 2017-2020년 한국 제조 산업에 속한 3,941개 기업을 대상으로 프로빗 및 성향점수매칭 방법 을 통해 분석한 결과, 팬데믹 기간 정부의 코로나 19 지원정책은 한국 제조 기업의 혁신활동 을 유지 및 증가시킬 확률을 높이는데 양의 유의미한 영향을 주었으며, 지원정책의 유형을 조세, 금융, 자금지원 정책으로 분리하여 분석해 보았을 때에도 개별 정책은 모두 기업의 혁 신활동을 유지 및 증가시킬 확률을 유의미하게 높이는 것으로 분석되었다.

예이츠의 후기 시는 삶과 죽음, 예술의 영원성에 대한 깊은 철학적 성 찰을 담고 있으며, 특히 동양 철학, 그 중에서도 장자의 사상과 밀접한 연관을 보인다. 장자는 자연의 흐름에 순응하며 삶과 죽음의 경계를 초월하는 무위와 초연함을 강조 했는데, 예이츠는 이러한 장자의 철학에서 중요한 영감을 받아 자신의 시적 세계를 확 장했다고 볼 수 있다. 특히 비잔티움으로의 항해 (“Sailing to Byzantium”)와 청금석 부조 (“Lapis Lazuli”)에 이러한 영향이 두드러지게 나타진다. 이 논문은 두 시가 어떻 게 장자의 사상을 반영하고 있는지를 분석하고, 예이츠가 동서양 철학을 통합하여 예 술적 초월을 탐구한 방식을 조명하고자 한다.