This paper investigates the cognitive processes involved in English word recognition among young EFL learners using eye-tracking methodology. A quasi-experimental mixed method design was used to investigate how young L2 learners engage with basic words, with or without pictorial cues. A total of seventeen 6th-grade pupils from two schools participated in the experiment. The participants were presented with a list of 20 words and were asked to read them aloud while their eye movements were tracked to discern their viewing patterns. Immediately after the reading task, stimulated-recall interviews were conducted to triangulate and validate the participants’ viewing behaviors. Results indicate that participants focused significantly more on the text than the accompanying pictures yet demonstrated better performance in recognizing and reading the words presented in a picture-based mode. Some participants reported that the pictures were not viewed because the words were easy to read. In contrast, others struggled to read certain words due to an over-reliance on their background knowledge, which sometimes led to misinterpretation. These results emphasize the importance of integrating visual cues with word recognition instruction in early language learning contexts, highlighting when and how these cues should be utilized effectively.

본 연구는 해외자회사의 성과에 미치는 현지 자선활동의 긍정적 효과가 자회사가 위치한 현지 산 업환경에 따라 어떻게 달라질 수 있는지를 실증적으로 분석한다. 한국에 진출한 544개의 다국적 기업 자회사들의 자선활동과 기업성과를 분석한 결과, 자선활동의 영향이 현지 산업의 풍부성 (Munificence)과 복잡성(Complexity)에 따라 달라짐을 확인하였다: 풍부성이 높은 산업에서는 자선활동의 영향이 강화되었으나, 복잡성이 높은 산업에서는 그 영향이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 해외자회사의 자선활동이 현지 산업의 환경을 고려하여 실행되었을 때 성과를 향상 시키는 전략적 도구가 될 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 현지 산업환경이 해외자회사의 자선활동 이 성과에 미치는 영향을 제한하거나 확대하는 하나의 요인임을 제시하며, 이를 통해 현지 자선활 동의 전략적 가치에 대한 논의를 확장하고 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR) 문헌에 기여한다.

Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) functions as an apoptotic adapter in mammals, recruiting caspases for death-inducing signaling complexes, while in lower animals, it interacts with IMD and DREDD to initiate antimicrobial responses. In this study, we examined the T. molitor FADD sequence (TmFADD) using molecular informatics methods to understand its involvement in the host's immune response against microorganisms. Knocking down TmFADD transcripts resulted in increased susceptibility of T. molitor larvae to E. coli, underscoring the significance of FADD in insect defense mechanisms and providing valuable insights into insect immunity.

Tenebrio molitor(T. molitor) is gaining attention as a sustainable food source with high nutrient content. Understanding their immune system, paricularly the role of Tak1 in the Imd pathway, is essential for mass breeding. This study investigates TmTak1 function in T. molitor. we investigated the immune function of TmTak1, followed by systemic infection using E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. As a result, Silencing TmTak1 significantly affects expression levels of AMPs in the whole body, Fat bodies, and Integuments. These results showed lower expression levels of AMP compared to the control group during E.coli injection.

Chitin and chitosan, abundant biopolymers from shellfish, crustaceans, and fungal hyphae, have diverse applications in food, biomedical, and industrial sectors. Also, insects offer a one of the chitin and chitosan source, yet research into the biological processes of chitin and chitosan within insects remains inadequate. To investigates the safety and benefits of insect-derived chitin and chitosan, we orally administered crab-derived and insect-derived chitin and chitosan to mice and compared RNA expression. NGS derived sequences were obtained and DEG and GO analyses were performed. This study displays a chance to progress the application of edible insects.