두둑과 고랑을 재활용한 한국형 무경운 농업에서 유기물 투입과 관수 효과를 구명하고 자 무경운 토양에서 시험을 수행하였다. 1. 토양 미생물상 1회 전량관수 조건에서 대두박 투입 처리구의 토양 세균과 곰팡이 수는 대두박 무 투입 구에 비하여 많았다. 그리고 유기질비료 투입량이 표준시비량 66%까지 증가되면 세균과 곰팡이 수는 증가되었으나, 그 이상에서는 세균과 곰팡이 수가 감소되는 경향이었다. 곰팡 이/세균 비율은 관수 방법과 관계없이 대두박 투입 처리에서 0.6과 1.1로, 무투입 처리의 0.2와 0.5보다 2배 이상 높았다 1회 전량 관수 조건에서 유기질 비료 시비량이 증가되면 대두박을 투입한 처리는 방선균 수는 감소되는 경향이었으나, 대두박 무투입에서는 증가되었다. 2회 분할 관수는 1회 전량 관수에 비하여 대두박 무 투입 조건에서 세균과 곰팡이 수가 증가되었으나, 대두박 투입 조건에서는 방선균 수가 증가되었다. 2. 토양 효소 유기질 비료의 시비량이 증가되면 토양 내 Chitinase 활성은 대두박 투입 토양에서 감소 되고, 대두박 무 투입에서는 증가되는 경향이었다. 그러나 대두박을 투입에 관계없이 2회 분할 관수는 1회 전량관수에 비하여 Chitinase 활성이 증가되었다. 1회 전량관수 조건에서 대두박 투입 처리구의 β-Glucosidase 활성은 무투입에 비하여 높 았으며, 유기질 비료 투입량이 증가되면 표준시비량의 66%까지는 β-Glucosidase 활성이 증 가되었으나, 표준시비량에서는 감소되었다. 대두박 무투입 조건에서 2회 분할관수 토양 내 β-Glucosidase 활성은 1회 전량관수에 비하여 현저하게 증가되었다. 1회 전량관수 조건에서 대두박을 투입한 처리의 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase의 활성은 무투입구에 비하여 높았다. 대두박 투입 처리에서 유기질 비료 투입량이 표준시비량의 66 %까지 증가되면 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase의 활성은 증가되었으나, 표준시비량에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 대두박 무투입 조건에서 2회 분할관수는 1회 전량관수에 비하여 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase의 활성은 증가되었다. 대두박 무투입 조건에서 유기질 비료 시비량이 표준량의 66% 수준에서는 토양 내 산성인 산가수분해효소(Acid phosphatase)의 활성 높았다. 대두박 투입 조건에서는 유기질 비료 시비 량이 증가되면 산성인산가수분해효소(Acid phosphatase)의 활성은 증가되는 경향이었다. 3. 토양 AMF 대두박 무투입 조건에서 유기질 비료의 투입량이 표준시비량의 66%까지 증가되면 토양 의 내생균근균의(AMF) 포자수는 증가되었으나, 유기질 비료 투입량이 표준시비량에서는 근균의 포자수는 감소되었다. 그러나 대두박 투입에서 근균의 포자수는 유기질 비료 투입 량에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그리고 내생 근균의 고추 뿌리에 정착률은 대두박 투 입량에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 2회 분할 관수도 같은 경향이었다.

두둑을 재활용한 무경운 재배 토양의 고추의 생육량은 관행경운 토양에 비하여 22% 정 도 증가되었고, 무경운 3년차는 12% 정도 증가되었다. 무경운 재배 2년차 토양에서 생산된 풋고추 건물중은 348.4 kg 10-1으로 관행 경운 토양에 비하여 16% 증가되었으나, 무경운 3 년차는 감소되었다. 무경운 2년차 토양의 세균은 관행 경운 토양에 비하여 유의적인 증가를 보였으나, 무경 운 3년차에서는 관행 경운 토양과 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 방선균도 경운 토양에 비하여 무경운 2년차 토양은 유의적인 증가를 보였으나 무경운 3년차는 감소되었다. 곰팡이는 경 운토양에 비하여 무경운 2~3년차 토양에서 1.3~1.7배 정도 증가되었다. 무경운 재배 토양의 CO2 발생량은 경운재배 토양에 비하여 41% 수준으로 발생량이 현저 하게 감소되었다. 고추 생육 초기 관행 경운 토양의 미소동물은 톡토기목과 응애목 2종 6개체가 포획되었 으나, 무경운 1년차 토양에서는 지네강 등 5종 11개체가 포획되었고, 무경운 2년차는 딱정 벌레와 지네강 등 3종 5개체가 포획되었다. 고추 정식 46일 후에 조사한 경운재배 토양은 보라톡토기 등 4종 40개체를 포함 큰집게벌레 등 8종 97개체가 포획되었다. 무경운 재배 토양은 9~10종 101~107개체가 포획되었다. 지표생물로서 환경의 변화의 기준이 되는 자연도 점수는 관행경운양 19점에 비하여 무 경운 토양의 자연도 점수는 33점으로 1.74배 정도 높았다. 따라서 두둑과 고랑을 재활용한 한국형 무경운 농업은 관행 경운토양에 비하여 작물의 생육과 토양 미생물, 토양 곤충을 포함한 토양생물 다양성, 온실가스 발생량 감소에 긍정적 인 역할을 하는 것으로 판단되었다.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of no-tillage on sequential cropping supported from recycling of first crop ridge on the productivity of crop and physical properties of soil under green house condition. This study is a part of “No-tillage agriculture of Korea-type on recycled ridge”. From results for distribution of soil particle size with time process after tillage, soil particles were composed with granular structure in both tillage and no-tillage. No-tillage soil in distribution of above 2 mm soil particle increased at top soil and subsoil compared with tillage soil. Tillage and one year of no-tillage soil were not a significant difference at above 0.25 mm~below 0.5 mm, above 0.5 mm~below 1.0 mm, and above 1.0 mm of water-stable aggregate. Two years of no-tillage soil was significantly increased by 8.2%, 4.5%, and 1.7% at above 0.25 mm~below 0.5 mm, above 0.5 mm~below 1.0 mm, and above 1.0 mm of water-stable aggregate, respectively, compared with one year of no-tillage. Bulk density of top soil was 1.10 MG m3 at tillage and 1.30 MG m3 at one year of no-tillage. Bulk density of top soil was 1.14 MG m3 at two years and 1.03 MG m3 at three years of no-tillage, respectively. Bulk density of subsoil was a similar tendency. Solid phase ratio in top soil and subsoil was increased at one year of no-tillage compared with tillage soil, while soil phase ratio decreased at two and three years of no-tillage. Pore space ratio in tillage top soil (58.5%) was decreased by 8.5% at compared with no-tillage soil (51.0%). Pore space ratio was 56.9% and 61.2% at two and three years of no-tillage soil, respectively. Subsoil was a similar tendency. Gaseous phase ratio was decreased at one year of no-tillage soil, and increased at two and three years of no-tillage soil compared with tillage soil. Liquid phase ratio in top soil was increased at one year of no-tillage (28.3%), and decreased at two years (23.4%) and at three years (18.3 %) of no-tillage soil compared with tillage soil (24.2%). Subsoil was a similar tendency. Liquid phase ratio in subsoil was increased than top soil.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of no-tillage on sequential cropping supported from recycling of first crop ridge on the growth of pepper plant and physical properties of soil under green house condition.1. Degree of crack on soil by tillage and no-tillageSoil cracks found in ridge and not found in row. At five months of tillage, crack number and crack length in length ridge were 3 and 37~51 cm in tillage. Maximum width and maximum depth in length ridge were 30 mm and 15.3cm in tillage. Crack number and crack length in width ridge were 7.5 and 7~28 cm in tillage. Maximum width and maximum depth in width ridge were 29 mm and 15.3 cm in tillage. At a year of no-tillage, crack number and crack length in length ridge were 1.0 and 140~200 cm in tillage. Maximum width and maximum depth in length ridge were 18 mm and 30 cm in a year of no-tillage. Crack number and crack length in width ridge were 11 and 6~22 cm in a year of no-tillage. Maximum width and maximum depth in width ridge were 22 mm and 18.5 cm in a year of no-tillage. Soil crack was not found at 2 years of no-tillage in sandy Jungdong series (jd) soil. Soil crack was found at 7 years of no-tillage in clayish Jisan series (ji) soil.2. Penetration resistance on soilPenetration resistance was increased significantly at no-tillage in Jungdong series (jd). Depth of cultivation layer was extended at no-tillage soil compared with tillage soil. Penetration resistance of plow pan was decreased at 1 year of no-tillage compared with than tillage soil. Penetration resistance was linearly increased with increasing soil depth at tillage in Jisan series (ji). Penetration resistance on top soil was remarkably increased and then maintained continuously at no-tillage soil.3. Drainage and moisture content of soilMoisture content of ridge in top soil was not significant difference at both tillage and no-tillage. Moisture content of ridge in 20 cm soil was 14% at no-tillage soil and 25% at tillage soil.4. Change of capacity to retain water in soilCapacity to retain water in top soil was not significant difference at 1 bar both tillage and no-tillage. Capacity to retain water in soil was slightly higher tendency in 1 year and 2 years of no-tillage soil than tillage soil. Capacity to retain water in soil was increased at 15 bar both tillage and no-tillage. Capacity to retain water in subsoil was slightly higher tendency at 1 bar and 3 bar in 2 years of no-tillage than tillage soil and a year of no-tillage soil.

본 논문의 목적은 플레이어가 조작하는 캐릭터의 관점이 사용자의 도덕적인 판단에 미치는 영 향을 연구하는 것이다. 이를 위해 우리는 Unity3D 게임 엔진을 이용해 Castaway 라는 이름의 인 터랙티브 스토리를 설계하고 개발했다. Castaway의 주요 내용은 1884년 영국에서 실제로 발생했던 R v Dudley and Stephens(일명 미뇨넷호 사건)에 기반하고 있다. Castaway 인터랙티브 스토리에 서, 플레이어는 가해자의 입장과 피해자의 입장 중 하나를 선택하여 해당 캐릭터의 시점으로 스토 리를 진행할 수 있다. 플레이어의 캐릭터에 대한 공감도가, 캐릭터에 대한 도덕적 판단에 영향을 주 었는지를 알기 위해 우리는 소규모 (n=10) 파일럿 스터디를 설계하고 진행하였다. 연구 결과는 서 로 다른 캐릭터 시점이 플레이어의 캐릭터 공감도 및 도덕적 판단에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사했 다. 향후 보다 많은 참가자들을 모집해 주 실험을 진행할 예정에 있다.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of no-tillage and split irrigation on the growth of pepper plant under green house condition in Jeonnam province. Moisture content of soil at whole quantity irrigation in tillage was increased rapidly regardless of soil depth for initial irrigation and then was decreased continuously until next irrigation. Deviation of moisture content in soil was decreased with increasing depth of soil. Moisture contents of top soil and subsoil (20 cm) at whole quantity irrigation in no-tillage were increased with sunrise, and then decreased with sunset. Moisture contents of top soil in tillage, and top soil and subsoil (20 cm) in no-tillage at half quantity irrigation indicated a cyclic diurnal variation by evapotranspiration. Salinity of soil was increased after initial irrigation and then was decreased continuously until next irrigation. With increasing depth of soil, increases of salinity in soil was delayed. Salinity of top soil in no-tillage was increased between AM 11:00 and AM 12:00, and then showed the highest level between PM 2:00 and PM 6:00 on a cyclic diurnal variation by evapotranspiration. Salinity of subsoil (30 cm) in no-tillage was not measured a cyclic diurnal variation. Moisture content and salinity of soil was positive correlation regardless of tillage and no-tillage cultivation. Growth of pepper in no-tillage cultivation was higher than that in tillage cultivation. Main branch Length and stem diameter of half quantity irrigation plot was higher than that of whole quantity irrigation plot regardless of tillage and no-tillage cultivation. After harvesting, the number of pepper fruits of half quantity irrigation plot was increased remarkably by 49% and47%, in tillage and no-tillage cultivation, respectively. Pepper yield of no-tillage cultivation plot was higher by 8% than that of tillage cultivation plot. Pepper yield of half quantity irrigation plot was increased remarkably by 36% and 39%, in tillage and no-tillage cultivation, respectively.

A number of projects for development have been done continuously due to the increase of tourist in Jeju Island. However flood disaster countermeasure due to urbanization is not considered during this development projects. This study is to make basic process for the flood estimation in Han stream of Jeju Island. The variation of stream discharge due the every 5 years' land use change from 1980 to 2005. Data for flood events (rainfall and discharge) were collected for HEC-HMS model. Clark method was used for unit hydrograph analysis. For the estimation of Clark unit hydrograph parameters, Kraven II and Sabol’s empirical equations were applied. The peak discharge increased 9.9~33.67% and total discharge amount increased 12.53~30.21%. Also, time of concentration for peak discharge was reduced by 10 minutes for each event.

As global warming has accelerated to weather in recent years, and The frequent floods are creating heavy rains and typhoons followed by considerable damage in Jeju. This study estimated design flood discharges and flood stage in Jeju, considering climate change in connection with RCP scenario, the 5th IPCC Report recently published. It also analyzed the period which might be subject to the risk of flooding in downstream of Oedo Stream. As a result, it has analyzed that there might be a risk of flooding when there were 80 years or more rainfall events in 35 years that rainfall would have increased by 10%, 69 years that 100 years or more heavy rain and rainfall would have increased by 20%, and 104 years that 100 years or more heavy rain and rainfall would have increased by 20%. It is expected that this study results of rainfall increasing trend caused by climate change will be helpful to minimize the damage of floods which will secure the future of Jeju.

Rainfall-runoff model of Jeju Oedo Stream was used to compute the optimal unit hydrograph by HEC-HMS model that reflecting on watershed characteristics. Each rainfall event was comparatively analyzed with the actual flow measurement using Clark, Snyder and SCS synthetic methods for derived unit hydrograph. Subsequently, the null hypothesis was established as p-value for peak flow and peak time of each unit hydrograph by one-way ANOVA(Analysis of variance) was larger than significance level of 0.05. There was no significant difference in peak flow and peak time between different methods of unit hydrograph. As a result of comparing error rate with actual flow measurement data, Clark synthetic unit graph best reflected in Oedo Stream as compared to other methods, and error rate of Clark unit hydrograph was 0.02~1.93% and error rate at peak time was 0∼2.74%.

As occurrence of gradually increasing extreme temperature events in Jeju Island, a hybrid downscaling technique that simultaneously applies by dynamical method and statistical method has implemented on design rainfall in order to reduce flood damages from severe storms and typhoons.As a result of computation, Case 1 shows a strong tendency to excessively compute rainfall, which is continuously increasing. While Case 2 showed similar trend as Case 1, low design rainfall has computed by rainfall in A1B scenario. Based on the design rainfall computation method mainly used in Preventive Disaster System through Pre-disaster Effect Examination System and Basic Plan for River of Jeju Island which are considering climatic change for selecting 50-year and 100-year frequencies. Case 3 selecting for Jeju rain gage station and Case 1 for Seogwipo rain gage station. The results were different for each rain gage station because of difference in rainfall characteristics according to recent climatic change, and the risk of currently known design rainfall can be increased in near future.

The rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis Walker) was one of the most destructive pest of rice for the 1960s and 1970s in Korea. Recently, it is newly recognized as a potential risk factor to the biomass yield of bioenergy crops. The current research was firstly conducted to investigate overwintering larvae population density and pattern of rice stem borer attacking Miscanthus sacchariflorus cv. Geodae 1 which is referred to as an ideal lignocellulosic bioenergy crop in Korea. Population density of larvae per 1 m2 in stems and rhizomes at the Miscanthus experimental plots and rates of damage (wormhole, abscission) of M. sacchariflorus cv. Goedae 1 were investigated from October 2012 to March 2013. The population of larvae per 1 m2 in stems of Miscanthus were 23, 4, 1, and 1 in October, November, December 2012, and January 2013, respectively. Over the same period, the population of larvae in basal stem rots and rhizomes were increased, whereas decreased in stems. Interestingly, the positions of larvae for overwintering in Miscanthus were confirmed to 5~10 cm below the soil surface such as basal stem rot and rhizome, whereas the most common overwintering position known in rice is a part of stem on the ground such as rice straw and rice stubble. It would suggest that the larvae gradually moved to bottom of stems and rhizomes in soil in line with decline in temperature. Moreover, the damage rates of stems per 1 m2 were up to more than 50% in some places. In conclusion, this might be the first report that rice stem borer could affect the productivity of biomass of Miscanthus in case of mass cultivation. Moreover, it should be necessary to make a decision in insect control management for this bioenergy feedstock and other related crops.

억새(Miscanthus spp.)는 화본과에 속하는 다년생 C4 식물로 국내에 자생하는 대표적인 바이오에너지 원료작물이 다. 농촌진흥청에서 개발한 ‘거대 1호’는 4배체 물억새로 초장 및 경태 등이 일반 억새의 두 배 크기로 탁월한 건물 생산성을 보여 유망한 바이오매스 자원으로 여겨지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 ‘거대 1호’의 미성숙 화기를 이용한 안 정적인 캘러스 유도 및 식물체 재분화 조건을 확립하여 대량증식 및 분자육종을 위한 기초자료를 확보하고자 하였 다. 재료는 억새의 2mm 이하인 미성숙화기를 사용하였으며, 수집한 재료는 70% EtOH로 2분, 0.45% NaOCl으로 20 분간 표면살균 후 미성숙화기의 정단부위를 실체현미경 하에서 적출 후 사용하였다. MS배지에 2,4-D(Auxin)와 BA(Cytokinin)를 각 농도 별로 첨가하여 캘러스 유도율을 조사한 결과, 2,4-D 5 mg/L와 BA 0.1 mg/L를 혼합 처리한 배지에서 가장 높은 캘러스 유도율을 나타내었다. 유도된 캘러스로부터 신초 재분화를 위해 MS 배지에 NAA와 BA, 2,4-D와 BA 등을 농도별로 첨가하여 배양한 결과, NAA 1mg/L와 BA 1mg/L이 첨가된 MS 배지와 5 mg/L BA와 0.1 mg/L NAA가 첨가된 배지에서 각각 15.4, 15.2 %의 신초 재생율을 보였다.

억새(Miscanthus spp.)는 우리나라가 원산지인 대표적인 섬유질계 바이오에너지 원료작물로 다년생 C4 식물이며 배수성이 다른 유전자원이 널리 분포하고 있다. 외국에서는 자연 생태계 교란 방지를 위해 종자번식 억새의 재배 를 규제하고 있어 불임성 억새 품종개발이 시급하다. 본 연구는 국내 수집 1,500여 종의 유전자원 중 재배년수가 비슷한 물억새 518점, 참억새 297점 등 총 815점을 대상으로 불임성 억새품종 육종에 필요한 종별 개화 특성을 조사 하였다. 억새의 자가불화합성은 물억새 3종, 참억새 3종 및 3배체 억새 이삭에 봉지를 씌워 개화 후 이삭의 지경수, 총영수 및 결실 종자수를 조사하였다. 억새 유전자원의 개화기(FS3)까지의 전체 생육일수 210일에서 220일 사이 에 개화하는 물억새는 전체의 80% 이상, 참억새는 56%였다. 또한 억새 유전자원의 자가불화합성을 검토한 결과, 자연수분 조건에서 참억새의 임실률은 45.7%인 반면, 봉지를 씌운 참억새의 임실률은 8.3%로 매우 낮았다. 한편, 2배체 참억새와 4배체 물억새 종간 교잡종으로 알려진 3배체 억새는 자연수분 조건에서도 임실률이 0.9%로 매우 낮아 기존 보고와 동일한 결과를 얻었다.

Jeju Island, a volcanic island, is the region that shows the biggest rainfall and has a big elevation-specific deviation of precipitation, but Jeju Island River Maintenance Plan doesn't reflect the characteristics of Jeju Island as it only calculates probable precipitation from four weather stations with elevation less than 100m. Therefore, this study uses AWS observational data in four Jeju Island weather stations and other regions to calculate location-specific probable precipitation, review the elevation-probable precipitation correlation in southern and northern regions, and create a probable precipitation map for all regions of Jeju Island, in order to produce better outcomes. This study is expected to be the most basic data to establish a safe Jeju island from flood disaster in preparation for the future climate changes and widely used for Jejudo Basin Dimension Planning, River Maintenance Plan, Pre-Disaster Impact Review, etc.

This study Analyzed four of seven runoffs which had happened in 2012 in comparison with the runoffs shown in Kalesto data, using the fixed surface image velocimetry (FSIV) installed at Oedo stream, Jeju Island. As a result of identifying a runoff curve graph, it was analyzed that the flood runoffs calculated with two observation devices were almost equivalent. As the differences in peak flows were 10 m3/s, 0.7 m3/s and 3 m3/s, the very similar result values were calculated. Even though there were errors in RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) made by two observation devices according to the degree of the peak flow, the values of R² by flood event were 0.89, 0.87, 0.86 and 0.82, showing the result values almost close to 1. Therefore, there was a very high correlation in flood runoffs calculated with two observation devices. This research method was considered to be a very suitable method to measure unexpected flood runoffs which could happen in the island area such as Jeju island during bad weather.

The water resources system of Jeju-do Island entirely depends on groundwater. This study is making a precision observation of baseflow, surface water, water shortage that might be vulnerable to climate change and drought in future. The field observation of baseflow discharges in Akgeuncheon stream has regularly been made with ADCP and ADC and Flowmate every two weeks for twenty-two (22) months (July 8, 2011 to April 27, 2013). This paper represent the results of calculating discharge of a number of hydraulic structures (broad-crested weirs) with comparing and has been calculated more accurate discharges with suitability of different observation methods. The average discharge has been observed 0.851 m3/s, whereas the average ADC and Flowmate is 0.709 m3/s. Meanwhile, stream discharge has been calculated 0.709 m3/s through the broad-crested weir equation. The discharge has calculated with the weir equation greatly changed according to even a small change in the water level. However, it showed a similar trend to one of the observed discharge. Although, in past there were generating errors caused by observers’ strides, vertical and horizontal flow velocity distribution when the average flow velocity had been measured, non-prismatic flow, turbulent flow and others in ADC. This study comes up with the weir equation is more suitable for the characteristics of Jeju-do could be presented through an observations of baseflow discharge.

The rainfall-runoff characteristics in Jeju Island significantly differ from those in inland, due to highly permeable geologic features driven by volcanic island. Streams are usually sustained in the dry conditions and thereby the rainfall-runoff characteristics changes in terms of initiating stream discharge and its types, depending highly on the antecedent precipitation. Among various the rainfall-runoff characteristics, lag time mainly used for flood warning system in river and direct runoff ratio for determining water budget to estimate groundwater recharge quantity are practically crucial. They are expected to vary accordingly with the given antecedent precipitation. This study assessed the lag time in the measured hydrograph and direct runoff ratio, which are especially in the upstream watershed having the outlet as 2nd Dongsan bridge of Han stream, Jeju, based upon several typhoon events such as Khanun, Bolaven, Tembin, Sanba as well as a specific heavy rainfall event in August 23, 2012. As results, considering that the lag time changed a bit over the rainfall events, the averaged lag time without antecedent precipitation was around 1.5 hour, but it became increased with antecedent precipitation. Though the direct run-off ratio showed similar percentages (i.e., 23%)without antecedent precipitation, it was substantially increased up to around 45% when antecedent precipitation existed. In addition, the direct run-off ration without antecedent precipitation was also very high (43.8%), especially when there was extremely heavy rainfall event in the more than five hundreds return period such as typhoon Sanba.

Fixed Electromagnetic Wave Surface Velocimetry (Fixed EWSV) has been started to be used to measure flood discharge in the mountain stream, since it has various advantages such that it works well to continuously measure stream discharge even in the night time as well as very strong weather. On the contrary, the Fixed EWSV only measures single point surface velocity, thus it does not consider varying feature of the transverse velocity profile in the given stream cross-section. In addition, a conventional value of 0.85 was generally used as the ratio for converting the measured surface velocity into the depth-averaged velocity. These aspects could bring in error for accurately measuring the stream discharge. The capacity of the EWSV for capturing rapid flow velocity was also not properly validated. This study aims at conducting error analysis of using the EWSV by: 1) measuring transverse velocity at multiple points along the cross-section to assess an error driven by the single point measurement; 2) figuring out ratio between surface velocity and the depth-averaged velocity based on the concurrent ADCP measurements; 3) validating the capacity of the EWSV for capturing rapid flow velocity. As results, the velocity measured near the center by the fixed EWSV overestimated about 15% of the cross-sectional mean velocity. The converting ratio from the surface velocity to the depth-averaged velocity was 0.8 rather than 0.85 of a conventional ratio. Finally, the EWSV revealed unstable velocity output when the flow velocity was higher than 2 m/s.

The streams in Jeju Island have very distinctive hydrological and geological properties and there are a lot of limits in applying the general flood estimation method. This study presented parameters dominant in the Hancheon stream of Jeju Island by analyzing the sensitivity of parameters of HEC-HMS model regarding rainfall events in the target basin, and extracted the optimal parameter(Time of Concentration of Clark Unit Hydrograph: KravenⅡ method, Storage Coefficient: Sabol method) by analyzing and comparing it with the flood runoff data observed in the site and Jeju Island's observation data.

The bond performance of Latex modified concrete(LMC) is excellent when compared with conventional pavement concrete. But LMC have a several problems. In order to improve the problem of LMC, Remicon latex modified concrete(Remicon LMC) was developed. In this study, the surface scaling resistance and bond properties of Remcion LMC containing extra admixture was compared with latex ratio. From the results, when latex and admixture were mixed in concrete, bond strength was improved. And, the surface scaling resistance of Remicon LMC was quite good comparing to LMC. The surface scaling resistance of Remicon LMC mixed latex ratio 8% more showed the equivalent capacity of LMC.