농촌진흥청 개발 품종인 토종벌 신품종(질병저항성 우수계통)에 대해 전남지역에서의 형질특성(봉세발달, 마리당 수밀력, 청소력 등)을 조사하였다. 질병저항성 계통(RS)으로 육성된 토종벌의 유밀기 마리당 수밀력은 들어오는 일벌의 무게가 80.89±8.95mg, 나가는 일벌의 무게가 63.56±8.90mg으로 조사되었고, 비저항성계통(NRS)은 각각 83.22±1.39, 66.67±1.20mg으로 조사되어 RS에서 그 무게차가 0.7mg 더 높았으나 통계적 유의차는 없었다. Pin killed test에 의한 사충제거능력(청소력)은 제거하지 못한 유충잔존율이 RS에서 12시간과 24시간 경과시 14.00±10.39와 7.00±3.46으로, NRS에서는 20.33±14.29, 13.33±10.41%로 조사되었으며, 특히 RS와 NRS의 사충 비제거율이 24시간 경과하였을 때 4.67±2.08, 8.33±7.77%로 RS가 우수한 특성을 보였다. 신규여왕벌 입식 후 봉군세력발달은 NRS에 비하여 RS의 일벌수, 번데기 및 유충수의 발달율이 안정적이고 다소 빠르게 증가하였다.

개미 사육 및 관찰을 위한 사용되는 투명 젤리형 개미사육장은 간편한 활용성으로 아동의 자연관찰 학습용 교구로 꾸준히 애용되고 있다. 하지만 투명 젤리는 다량의 수분 함유 문제뿐만 아니라 부패방지를 위해 단백질을 포함하고 있지 않기에 사육 시 단백질을 필요로 하는 산란용 여왕개미나 애벌레의 사육이 불가능하다는 단점이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 산란용 여왕개미와 애벌레의 사육이 가능한 단백질 함유 곤충 젤리를 만드는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 단백질 공급원으로는 우유를, 부패 방지제로는 천연물 기반 키토산을 사용하였으며, 기능이 첨가된 사육용 젤리의 항균성은 곤충 대량폐사 질병인 물렁병의 원인균주(Serratia marcescens)로 테스트(in vitro)하였다. 실험군인 곤충사육용 젤리는 박토아가(1.5%,w/v)가 함유된 키토산수용액(1%,w/v)에 1:1 용량비율로 우유를 섞어 제조하며, 대조군은 키토산수용액을 제외하였다. 제조 배지는 Serratia marcescens를 도말 배양하여 효과성을 검증하였다. 그 결과 3배 희석한 균주(4.8×106CFU/ml)를 접종 후 2일간 배양한 그룹에서 대조군(키토산 없음)은 균이 많이(TNTC) 자랐으나, 실험군(키토산 있음)은 전혀 자라지 않았다. 따라서 위 실험은 키토산을 첨가하는 간단한 방법으로도 유해균의 생장 억제와 유충의 성장 촉진이 동시에 가능한 기능성 단백질 곤충젤리의 제조 가능성을 확인하였다.

The understanding of water vapor sorption and equilibrium in food samples is crucial in the formulation of foods and in their storage stability. In this study, the moisture sorption isotherms of yacon powder was measured by using gravimetric method at 25℃, 35℃, and 45℃ under the relative humidity ranging from 11% to 75%, and nine different isotherm models were used to fit the experimental data and to analyze water vapor sorption on yacon powder. The experimental results showed that water vapor sorption for yacon powder followed a type III shape over the humidity range. The BET monolayer moisture contents values were slightly higher than the values predicted by the GAB model. The monolayer moisture content increased slightly as temperature increased. The surface areas for monolayer moisture sorption decreased with increasing temperature and blanching reduced these values. Through quantifying the relative percentage error (E), coefficient of determination (R2), standard error (SE), and root mean square (RMS) of the isotherm models relative to data, Halsey model was identified to be the best-fitting isotherm to describe the water sorption process in yacon powder.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the thoracic spine manipulation on spinal alignment (Cobb angle), pain, and trunk range of motion (ROM) in a patient with mild thoracic scoliosis. The Cobb angle was 11.0° and there was a right deviation of the thoracic spine. The subject had thoracic and lumbar pain, and had felt stiffness during turning of the trunk for about 3 years. Thoracic manipulation was applied at the upper thoracic spine as a therapeutic intervention three times per week for 5 weeks. After intervention, the Cobb angle decreased from 11.0° to 5.5° and the pain score decreased from 4.0 to 1.5, and the trunk left rotation ROM increased from 30.0° to 41.5°, and trunk right rotation ROM increased from 26.0° to 39.0°. These results suggest that the thrust thoracic manipulation technique had a positive effect on the spinal alignment, pain and trunk rotation ROM in patients with mild scoliosis.

The purpose of this case study was to identify the effects of posteroanterior (PA) mobilization on the cervical spine in a patient with chronic whiplash-associated disorder (WAD). The subject of this study was a 58-year-old woman who sustained a chronic WAD as a result of a motor vehicle accident two years prior. The subject has progressively worsening neck pain and stiffness. The subject was determined to have a grade Ⅱb WAD the use of the Modified Quebec Classification. The intervention was central and unilateral PA mobilization on the spinous process of C4 and C5. The PA mobilizations were performed at the end of range to Maitland grade Ⅳ. The PA mobilization was conducted once daily for a total of eight days. Two sets of measurements were done one before and one after the intervention. Neck pain, cervical stiffness, range of motion and lordosis of the cervical spine were measured. Experimental intervention decreased the neck pain, and increased the neck stiffness and cervical ROM (range of motion) such as flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation. X-ray photographs also represented that cervical curvature increased from 35° to 40°. This study suggested that PA cervical mobilization applied to hronic WAD is effective in decreasing pain, increasing cervical ROM and cervical curvature.

Vespa velutina nigrithorax prey on various insect and especially hunts domestic honeybees, such as the European honeybee, Apis melifera. For that reason, V. velutina predation has a direct economic impact on apiculture. In particular V. velutina queens are able to establish of new colonies, so they are suitable for V. velutina management. This study was conducted to investigate the attractant of V. velutina Queen. Four traps were tested and combined attractant such as honeybee comb extraction, honeybee extraction, pollen, rice wine and sugar syrup for attraction efficacy. We was able to observe V. velutina Queen in late April to May. And Honeybee extraction, rice wine and sugar syrup baits (5 : 3 : 2) was the best combination for trapping queen on spring.

본 연구는 다양한 냉동과 해동처리에 따른 계육 가슴살에 natural microflora, 접종된 L. monocytogenes와 C. jejuni 수와 미세구조 변화 구명을 위하여 연구를 수행하였다. −20℃ 송풍식 냉동처리구의 총 호기성 세균과 C. jejuni 수는 4.06 log CFU/g과 4.09 log CFU/g으로 대조구와 비교하여 각각 약 0.7 log CFU/g과 1.0 log CFU/g의 감소를 보였다. 한편, 계육 가슴살 접종된 L. monocytogenes 수는냉동방법과 냉동온도에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 4℃와 25℃ 송풍식 해동처리구의 총 호기성 세균수는 3.70 log CFU/g과 4.02 log CFU/g으로 측정되어 대조구와 비교하여 각각 0.72 log CFU/g과 0.40 log CFU/g 감소한 반면 25℃ 유수식 해동처리구의 총 호기성 세균 수는 해동과정에서 균수가 급격히 증가하여 5.78 log CFU/g으로 관찰되었다. 해동 중 C. jejuni 수 변화는 해동방법보다 해동온도에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 냉동-해동반복 5회 후 총 호기성 세균과 효모 및 곰팡이 수는 감소하여 각각 4.15 log CFU/g과 2.30 log CFU/g을 보였다. 계육 가슴살에 접종된 L. monocytogenes 수는 냉동-해동 반복처리에 유의적인 영향이 없었지만 C. jejuni 수는 냉동-해동 반복 횟수가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 냉동-해동 반복이 증가함에 따라 근섬유 조직을 재 손상시켰으며 특히 냉동-해동 반복 5회 후에는 계육 가슴살 시료의 조직세포 외부뿐만 아니라 내부에서도 공간이 발생하였으며 불균일하게 찢어진 세포가 관찰되었다.

췌장 가성 낭종의 종격동 침범은 매우 드문 췌장염의 합병증이다. 췌장염 환자가 비전형적인 흉통이나, 호흡곤란, 삼킴곤란 등을 호소하면 이 질환을 의심해 봐야 한다. 종격동 췌장 가성 낭종은 심각한 합병증을 초래할 수 있으므로 빠른 진단과 적절한 처치가 중요하다. 비록 현재까지 제한적으로 시행된 시술이지만, 종격동 가성 낭종에서 초음파 내시경 유도 배액술은 기술적으로도 가능하고 외과 수술보다 덜 침습 적이며 효과적인 배액술이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 종격동 침범 가성 낭종의 치료를 위한 다양한 내시경 배액법의 효과와 안전성에 대한 추가적인 연구가 요구된다.

This study was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of the spent mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) substrates (SMS) in laying hens (Hy-Line Brown). The fresh spent mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) substrates collected from the DOJUN farm were fermented with Bacillus subtilis EJ3 for 2 weeks. A total of twenty-four laying hens were fed corn-soy based experimental diets containing 0% (control), 5% (T1), 10% (T2) and 15%(T3) fermented SMS for 7 weeks. There were no significant differences among the treatments in egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion and viability during the experimental period. Feed intake was significantly lowered in control (118.3 g) than T1 (121.9 g), T2 (120.3 g) and T3 (122.4 g). There were no significant differences among the treatments eggshell breaking strength, thickness and haugh unit, whereas the yolk color of T1, T2 and T3 were significantly heavy than T0. The palatability of boiled meat was significantly better in the T3 laying hens than in the T0 laying hens. In conclusion, fermented SMS can be used as resource of feed in laying hen feed at 5.0-15% level without effect on performance and egg qualify.

The mannanase, cellulase and xylanase-producing thermophilic bacteria, designated EJ3, was isolated from fresh spent mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) substrates taken from the DOJUN farm located in Keyongnam, Korea. The isolate EJ3 was facultatively anaerobic and grew at temperature ranging from 20℃ to 60℃ with an optimal temperature of 37℃. The DNA G+C content of the isolate EJ3 was 45 mlo%. The major fatty acids were anteiso-15:0 (38.9%), 17:0 (7.4%), and iso-15:0 (38.2%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the isolate EJ3 and other Bacillus strains varied from 97% to 99%. In the phylogenetic analysis based on these sequences, the isolate EJ3 and Bacillus subtilis clustered within a group and separated from other species of Bacillus. Based on the physiological and molecular properties, the isolate EJ3 was classified within the genus Bacillus as Bacillus subtilis EJ3. The optimal growth condition of B. subtilis EJ3 were pH 6.0 and 55℃, respectively.

The objective of this study was two folds: to investigate the relationship between paternal identification rate and sperm quality parameters such as motility and sperm chromatin structure assay after heterospermic insemination; to see if mutual complement between tests and development of useful technique to enhance the fertility in artificial insemination. In individual boar's fertilizing ability, 3 high fertility boars showed significantly high fertility (p<0.05) compared to 3 low fertility boars, but there was no difference in litter size between two groups. Sperm motility test in pooled and individual semen using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) revealed that no significant difference among boars. The high fertile boar showed tendency of low %Red (High red fluorescence/green+red fluorescence) in sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) but paternal identification rate from piglets did not differ after heterospermic insemination. The correlation coefficient between individual or pooled semen function test and farrowing rates were well correlated as follows: %Red with litter size (r= - 0.53, p=0.03); %Red with paternal identification rates (r=-0.51, p=0.03); paternal identification rates with litter size (r=0.57, p=0.02). These results indicate that sperm chromatin structure assay and sperm quality parameter test in pooled semen are useful method to predict and evaluate the fertilizing capacity after heterospermic insemination in boars.

봄수확 수삼의 항공 및 선박의 모의수출 유통 중 손실유형을 조사하기 위해 수삼을 기능성 LDPE 필름에 5 kg 대포장 또는 500 g 소포장으로 포장하고 각기 다른 모의수출 유통 온도 및 모의수출 기간 즉 항공 모의수출 유통은 15℃와 25℃로 설정된 저장고에 4일 동안 저장하고, 선박모의수출 유통은 1℃와 5℃로 설정된 저장고에 14일 동안 저장한 뒤 유통실험을 위해 최종 10℃로 설정된 저장고에 수삼을 옮기고 수삼의 품질 변화를 조사하였다. 수삼의 품질 조사는 포장단계부터 10℃유통기간까지 총 기간 수행하였다. 조사결과 수삼의 유통 중 손실률에 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 것은 물러짐과 곰팡이 발생에 의한 부패로 나타났다. 물러짐과 곰팡이에 의한 부패를 합한 종합 손실률에서 손실률 20%를 유통한계 기간으로 정했을 때 항공 모의수출유통 조건인 25℃에서 5 kg 대포장은 10일, 500 g 소포장은 6-7일에 20%에 도달했으며, 15℃는 5 kg 대포장은 17일, 500 g 소포장은 12-13일에 20%에 도달했다. 선박 모의유통 조건인 5℃는 5 kg 대포장은 21일, 500 g 소포장은 28일경에 20%에 도달했고, 1℃는 5 kg 대포장은 24일, 500 g 소포장은 29일 경에 20%에 도달하는 것으로 나타나 수삼의 유통은 모의수출 유통 방법뿐 아니라 포장용량도 손실률에 상당한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 수삼의 부패에 관여하는 병원균 중 곰팡이 균은 대부분Fusarium sp., Botrytis sp., Penicillium sp. 균들로 동정되었고, 25℃에서는 Fusarium sp. 균이 우세종이고, 그 이하의 온도에서는 Botrytis sp. 균이 우세종으로 나타났다.

Background : While the anti-inflammatory effects of 20 (S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) have been studied, it remains unclear how Rg3 regulates lipid metabolism in inflammatory macrophages. Thus, in this study, we characterized some eicosanoids related to the anti-inflammatory effects of 20 (S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in murine macrophages. Methods and Results : UPLC-MS/MS was used to profile various eicosanoids from RAW264.7 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Rg3. The profiling data were statistically analyzed by principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis and analysis of variance. The anti-inflammatory effect of Rg3 was validated by assessing the levels of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 in the activated macrophages treated with Rg3. A total of 69 eicosanoids were analyzed in RAW264.7 cells. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses differentiated control cells from cells treated with LPS, Rg3, or LPS + Rg3 for 12 or 24 h. Furthermore, some differentially regulated compounds were found between macrophages treated with LPS for 24 h and those treated with LPS + Rg3 for 24 h. Conclusion : Rg3 alters eicosanoid metabolism in activated macrophages treated with LPS. Furthermore, we identified several eicosanoids correlated with the anti-inflammatory activity of Rg3.

본 연구는 초저온 액체 침지식 급속 냉동으로 동결된 돈육 등심에 적합한 급속 해동방법을 선정하고 과냉각 저장이 냉동-해동 돈육의 미생물학적, 이화학적 및 관능적 품질변화에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 4와 10℃ 송풍식 해동과 4와 10℃유수식 해동은 냉동 돈육 시료가 해동이 완료되는 약 290-750분 소요되었지만 27.12 MHz 라디오파 해동은 약 20분으로 가장 신속하게 돈육을 해동시켜 저장실험에 필요한 냉동 돈육의 급속 해동방법으로 선정하였다. 한편 -1.5--5℃로 24시간 냉각 처리 후 돈육 횡단면의 미세구조 분석 결과, -1.5℃에서 냉각 처리된 시료의 표면과 중심부는 동결에 의한 조직 손상이 발생하지 않았음을 확인하여 -1.5℃를 과냉각 저장 온도로 선정하였다. 저장 중 대조구인 신선육과 비교하여 냉동-해동 처리된 돈육에서 발생한 드립감량은 유의적으로(p<0.05) 높은 경향을 보였지만 -1.5℃ 과냉각 저장이 돈육의 드립감량 증가를 억제하였다. 또한 4와 15℃ 저장과 비교하여 -1.5℃ 과냉각 저장은 대조구와 냉동-해동 처리구의 TVBN과 TBARS 함량 증가, Hunter a* 값 감소와 b* 값 증가를 억제하는 효과를 보였다. 15℃ 저장 4일 후 대조구와 냉동-해동 처리구의 총 호기성 세균수는 9 log CFU/g 이상으로 급격히 증가하였다. 반면 -1.5℃ 저장 10일 후 대조구와 냉동-해동 처리구의 총 호기성 세균수는 각각 5.62와 4.43 log CFU/g으로 관찰되었다. -1.5℃ 저장 10일 동안 대조구와 냉동-해동 처리구의 대장균군과 효모 및 곰팡이 수는 저장 초기 수준으로 유지하거나 다소 감소하였다. 관능평가 결과에 있어서 4와 15℃ 저장에 비해 -1.5℃ 저장한 대조구와 냉동-해동 처리구는 모든 관능평가 항목에서 저장 중 유의적으로 높은 값을 유지하였다(p<0.05). 따라서 라디오파 유전가열 해동은 냉동 돈육 등심의 해동 과정 중 상전이 구간을 빠르게 통과함으로써 급속해동이 가능하였으며 -1.5℃ 과냉각 저장이 냉동-해동 처리 된 돈육에 얼음결정 형성 없이 품질 유지 및 미생물 생장지연에 효과적인 것을 확인하였다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation of internal factors and to build a foundation for SWOT Matrix strategy of horticulture therapy in the domestic. 438 master’s and doctorate degree dissertations on horticultural therapy from 1998 to 2015 were analyzed with years, school groups, degree classifications and regional groups. Master’s and doctorate degree dissertations published 438 studies in 1998 (1), 2002 (13), 2007 (32), and 2012 (44) have increased continuously. Among all the 211 Korean schools, 82 published dissertations related to horticultural therapy. The schools that have published more than 10 theses are as follows. Konkuk university has published the most 67 theses. The dissertations were followed by Korea univ. (50), Dankook univ. (44), Catholic univ. of Daegu (40), Seoul national univ of education (21), univ. of seoul (15), Mokpo national univ. (12), Jeju national univ. (11), Chungnam univ. (11), Daegu univ. (10), Chosun univ. (10). In the frequency analysis of academic degree types related to 438 theses, agricultural science (39.3%) accounted for the largest percentage. The next was followed by natural science (17.6%), education (16%), social welfare (8.4%), health science (5.7%), art plastic (2.3%), literature (2.1%), special education (2.1%), engineering (1.8%), science of nursing (1.1%), design (1.7%), theology (0.7%), psychology (0.7%), natural therapy (0.7%), etc (0.9%). According to the frequency analysis of regions where 438 dissertations were published in 15 cities/provinces in South Korea except Ulsan city. The results of this study confirmed that horticultural therapy satisfied the internal environment to become a field of complementary and alternative medicine.

‘Seohong’ was bred within the potato breeding program of National Institute of Highland Agriculture (NIHA). It was originated from a cross made in 1997 between ‘Jashim’ as a female and 93K65-1 as a male parent. Seohong was evaluated as a seedling number 97S05-1 for tuber characteristics, growth and yielding ability from 2001 to 2002, and than this clone was renamed as Daegwan 1-82. This clone was evaluated in the regional yield trial and the disease resistance in the five locations for three years. Finally, this clone was named as ‘Seohong’ and registered a new recommended potato cultivar in 2006. This cultivar has a round, shallow eye depth, light red-skinned tuber characteristics and low to medium dry matter content. It showed high resistance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) and potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), however it was susceptible to potato virus Y (PVY) and late blight (Phytophthora infestans). Its mean tuber yields from the regional yield trial and winter cropping trial were 12 and 49 percent higher than that of ‘Superior’, respectively.