This present study investigated the effects of the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) and chin tuck (CT) on middle thoracic erector spinae, lower thoracic erector spinae, and lumbar erector spinae muscle activity during three prone thoracic extension (PTE) exercises. Twelve healthy subjects performed preferred PTE, ADIM PTE, and ADIM-CT PTE. Surface electromyography was used to collect data on the muscle activity of dominant middle and lower thoracic erector spinae muscles and the lumbar erector spinae. Middle and lower thoracic erector spinae muscle activity significantly increased when ADIM and CT was performed (p<.05). However, lumbar erector spinae muscle activity significantly decreased in ADIM PTE compared to preferred PTE (p=.017) and significantly increased in ADIM-CT PTE compared to ADIM PTE (p=.004). In conclusion, ADIM-CT PTE effectively increased middle and lower thoracic erector spinae muscle activity, and ADIM PTE decreased lumbar erector spinae muscle activity. Hence, ADIM PTE could be a recommended exercise maneuver to strengthen thoracic erector spinae without over activation of lumbar erector spinae.

Culture of preantral follicles has important biotechnological implications through its potential to produce large quantities of oocytes for embryo production and transfer. The objective of this study was to determine the comparison of different isolation method of mouse preantral follicles, and to examine in vitro development of mouse preantral follicles isolated by different method. Preantral follicles were mechanically or enzymatically extracted from mouse ovaries. Mechanical isolation method used fine gauge needles and enzymatic method of isolating follicles used 1 mg/ml collagenage (Type IA) and 0.2 mg/ml DNase Ⅰ in Leibovitz L-15 medium. The solution containing Leibovitz L-15 medium, enzyme and ovary fragments was incubated at 37℃ for 30 min. The selection criteria are as follows: primary follicle of 75 to 99 μm, early secondary follicle of 100 to 125 μm and late secondary follicle of 126 to 150 μm in diameter. The recovered preantral follicles were cultured for 10 days in alpha-minimal essential medium (α-MEM) + 5% FBS + ITS + 100 mIU/ ml FSH. The collected primary follicles by enzymatic treatment were higher than mechanical method. Others stage preantral follicle by mechanical isolation were higher than enzymatic method. After 10 days of culture, no statistical differences were shown in survival rates of preantral follicle among the 2 culture groups. The metaphase Ⅱ rates of the oocytes were significantly higher (p<0.05) in mechanical method (17.8%) than in enzymatic method (5.1%). These results suggest that the isolation method of choice depends on the target stage preantral follicles and mechanical isolation is an optimal method of preantral follicles in a culture of mouse preantral follicle.

Background : The study is investigated the development of high-quality standard variety, character of gene resources, growth and yield production to collecting varieties in Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze containing antioxidant agriculturally. Methods and Results : Character of gene resources investigated collecting 16 varieties (Jeonnam Naju 1, 2, 3 (NJ), Gwangyang 1, 2 (GY), Sooncheon 4 (SC), Boseong 1, 2 (BS), Yeosu (YS), Jangheung (JH), Jindo (JD), Gyeongnam Hamyang (HY), Gyeongbuk Bonghwa (BH), Chungbuk Eumseong (ES), Cheongju (CJ), Gangwon Cheolwon (CW). Method of cultivation were conducted under sowing dates of plant a seedling were April 24. Transplanting with Agastache rugosa O.K. seeds in June 27 by growing pot seedling for 60 days in 2017. Fertilization application were standard application (N-P-K-Compost applied at 12-16-10-600 ㎏․10a−1). N-K applied at 60% of basal fertilizer, 40% of top dressing were two times (N-K) application. Planting density were spaced 30 ㎝ apart in rows 20 ㎝ apart with with non-woven fabric mulching cultivation. Plot design randomized block 3 repetition. Conclusion : Endemic characteristics of gene resources to collecting variety in leaf color (light green), leaf pliable (softness) appeared 8 lineage, leaf color (deep green), the contrary leaf pliable (roughness) showed 8 lineage. Flower color bloomed in light purple 8 lineage flower deep purple color come into 8 lineage. Also, the period of maturity ripened Sept. 27 - 31. on 8 lineage (BS2, GY1, JD, HY etc.). 3 lineage (YS, CJ, CW) attained to maturity on Oct. 14 - 16. Growth of aerial part increased on long length, large width of leaf, heavy dried weight of leaf and weight of seeds 10 lineage SC4, GY1, 2, NJ2, 3, BS1, 2, CJ, ES, BH etc. but short length, small width of leaf, declined in light dried weight of leaf and weight of seeds 2 lineage YS, CW.

Background : Medicinal crop seeds have low homogeneity and quality of seeds and seedlings because they are self-seeded or produced in farmhouses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop systematic technology for establishment and distribution of seed production technology for stable production of domestic medicinal crops. Methods and Results : The test Agastache rugosa O. K. Kuntze. variety was Jeonnam local variety (Naju species) and was carried out in 2017. The research was divided into two types; seed yield test according to seeding time and seed yield test according to fertilization method. Sowing of the seed yield test according to the seeding time was sown on the seedling tray 4 times from 20 th March to 20 th May at intervals of 20 days, and after the nursery, they were transplanting. The fertilization gave the standard fertilization (N-P-K-compost applied at 12-16-10-600 ㎏/10a) amount before implantation. Sowing of the seed yield test according to fertilization method was sowing in the middle of April. The seedlings were grown for 60 days and then transplanted in the middle of June. Four different fertilization methods were applied and cultivated. Planting density of both tests were spaced 30 ㎝ apart in rows 20 ㎝ apart with non-woven fabric mulching cultivation. The plot design was a randomized block 3 repetitions. Seed yields at the seeding time were the highest at 67 ㎏/10a in sowing on March 20, and the yields decreased as the seeding time passed. Seed yield according to fertilization method was the highest at 75 ㎏/10a in 25% increase control and lowest at 46 ㎏/10a in 50% diminish control. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that the seedlings should be cultivated in the middle of March and cultivated by increasing the fertilization rate by 50%.

Background : The purpose to improved the quality of oriental medicinal herbs, contribute to the enlargement of farm’s income. The study is investigated the effect of high-quality stabilized production and reasonable drying methods, different storage conditions and package mediums for established GAP guide book in Angelica acutiloba Siebold & Zucc. Methods and Results : Loss rate of drying method checked into 2 treatment, natural drying (218 hr. by sunshine) and heating dryer for 24 - 53 hr with Angelica acutiloba root of two years. After cleaning, first drying days by temperature, After cutting, second drying days by temperature under 40℃, 50℃ and 60℃. Changes hunter color values and quality by different storage conditions 2 treatment were normal temperature by indoor 20℃ and low temperature under refrigerating, 4℃. Storage period for 60 days, 120 days and 180 days with package 3 mediums under PE (polyethylene package), PP (polypropylene gunny sack) and WP (woven net package). Conclusion : After first cleaning, reasonable hot air drying method in Angelica acutiloba root. Secondary drying oven after cutting, the temperature regulated in 40℃ and 50℃, the lowest loss rates. Packing material storage conditions are dry roots in the colorimetry that maintained at room temperature storage than PP packaging, cold storage for long-term stability to PE treatment.

This study was conducted to analyze seasonal and annual variations in rice quality and factors affecting the quality, for quality evaluation of the brand rice varieties produced in Jeonnam region. Coefficient of variation (CV) values for the seasonal variation in the rice quality were 3.1% in Toyo value, 2.1% in whiteness, 1.6% in protein content, 1.0% in moisture content, and 0.4% in head rice ratio. Quality characteristics of the brand rice varieties generally showed a decreasing tendency after April, as the months progressed. CV values for the annual variation in the rice quality were relatively high at 5.6% in protein content and 5.2% in Toyo value whereas those for whiteness and head rice ratio were relatively low, at 2.7% and 1.8%, respectively. Palatability and protein content showed high correlations with minimum air temperature, sunshine hours, rainfall, and daily temperature range. Head rice ratio had a negative correlation with daily temperature range whereas chalky rice ratio had a positive correlation with rainfall. Based on these results, we formulated a multiple regression equation to estimate palatability of cooked rice using protein content, whiteness, head rice ratio, and moisture content as follows:y ＝－6.71a ＋ 2.27b ＋ 1.29c ＋ 0.51d － 15.34 (R2=0.51*)(y: palatability of cooked rice, a: protein content, b: moisture content, c: whiteness, d: head rice ratio).

Background:The purpose of improving the quality of oriental medicinal herbs is to contribute to the improvement of the income of farm. The present study investigated the effect of reasonable drying methods, different storage conditions and packageing materials on quality and stability of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and for developing GAP (good agricultural practice) guide book.Methods and Results:Three methods of drying Scutellaria baicalensis roots produced over two years were used to estimate loss rate owing to drying, storage, and packaging. The methods of drying were categorized into natural drying (36 - 60 h by sunshine), drying with heat dryer (2 - 10 h), or drying with gas bulk dryer (2 - 10 h). After cleaning, and initial drying for a few days under controlled temperature conditions, the second phase of drying was carried out at 35, 45 and 55°C. Changes in hunter color values and quality under the two studied storage treatments (at 20°C indoors and at 4°C in a refigerator) were evaluated. Storage period for 60, 120, and 180 days in three packaging materials, PE (polyethylene package), PP (polypropylene gunnysack), and WP (watertight packing paper) were studied.Conclusions:Initial cleaning, reasonable gas drying and hot air drying, and drying in an oven at 35 and 45°C after cutting the roots resulted in the lowest loss rates in S. Baicalensis root. Hunter color valuse indicated that stroage of dry roots at room temperature was better than PP packaging, and that cold stroage was better than PE packaging for long-term stability.

In here, we screened drought tolerant varieties with modified leaf water loss rate assay and visual drought tolerant phenotype in the greenhouse conditions with more than 800 varieties. Among these varieties, Samgang, Gumei4 and Apo showed the lowest of leaf water loss rate and strong drought tolerant phenotype. To identify drought QTLs with Samgang variety, we developed the doubled-haploid (DH) population consist of 101 lines derived from a cross the drought tolerant cultivar Samgang and the drought sensitive cultivar Nagdong. To score the drought phenotype degrees of this population, we withheld water for 6 weeks and treated the watering for 7 days. After watering, visual phenotype was observed 1 to 9 degree according to the standard evaluation system for rice, IRRI. Drought sensitive parent Nagdong was almost died and was scored as 9 degree, while tolerant parent Samgang showed slightly leaf tip drying phenotype and was scored as 3 degree in our experimental conditions. Three main QTLs were detected on chromosome 2, 6, and 11 with this visual phenotype. We also measured relative water contend of these population under drought stress conditions, and got one main QTL on chromosome 11. The QTL loci on chromosome 11 with flanking markers RM26755-RM287 has a function for visual phenotype and relative water content under drought conditions.