간행물
한국작물학회지 KCI 등재 Korean Journal of Crop Science
- 발행기관 한국작물학회
- 자료유형 학술지
- 간기 계간
- ISSN 0252-9777 (Print)2287-8432 (Online)
- 수록기간 1963 ~ 2017
- 주제분류 농수해양 > 농학 농수해양 분류의 다른 간행물
- 십진분류KDC 524DDC 633
권호리스트/논문검색
제 62권 2호 (2017년 6월) 10건
1.
2017.06
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This study was conducted to analyze seasonal and annual variations in rice quality and factors affecting the quality, for quality evaluation of the brand rice varieties produced in Jeonnam region. Coefficient of variation (CV) values for the seasonal variation in the rice quality were 3.1% in Toyo value, 2.1% in whiteness, 1.6% in protein content, 1.0% in moisture content, and 0.4% in head rice ratio. Quality characteristics of the brand rice varieties generally showed a decreasing tendency after April, as the months progressed. CV values for the annual variation in the rice quality were relatively high at 5.6% in protein content and 5.2% in Toyo value whereas those for whiteness and head rice ratio were relatively low, at 2.7% and 1.8%, respectively. Palatability and protein content showed high correlations with minimum air temperature, sunshine hours, rainfall, and daily temperature range. Head rice ratio had a negative correlation with daily temperature range whereas chalky rice ratio had a positive correlation with rainfall. Based on these results, we formulated a multiple regression equation to estimate palatability of cooked rice using protein content, whiteness, head rice ratio, and moisture content as follows:y ＝－6.71a ＋ 2.27b ＋ 1.29c ＋ 0.51d － 15.34 (R2=0.51*)(y: palatability of cooked rice, a: protein content, b: moisture content, c: whiteness, d: head rice ratio).
2.
2017.06
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The increase in the frequency of occurrence of abnormal weather could include severe rainfall, which could cause rice submergence during the ripening stage. This experiment was conducted to clarify the effects of submergence during the ripening period on yield and quality of rice. The flooding treatment was conducted at 7 and 14 days after heading. Flooding conditions were created with two conditions, flag leaf exposed and overhead flooding, and each condition was divided into two conditions according to water quality—clear and muddy. Although the yield decrease was more severe at 7 days after heading because of the decrease in the ripening ratio, the head rice ratio was more affected at 14 days after heading because of the increase in the chalky kernel ratio. The maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), which indicates the photosynthetic efficiency, did not differ before and after the flooding treatment until flooding continued for 4 days. In addition, stem elongation occurred because of flooding as an avoidance mechanism in japonica rice. This phenomenon was expected to decrease the supply of assimilation products to the spikelet (sink). Overall, it was suggested that additional experiments should be conducted examining the change in the starch synthesis mechanism and transfer of assimilate products resulting from submergence, for development of cultivation techniques corresponding to submergence and breeding of varieties with submergence tolerance characteristics.
3.
2017.06
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This study was carried out to compare the cooking and antioxidant characteristics of rice containing varying amounts of glutinous rice and cooked by two methods. Rice containing glutinous rice was cooked by general and high-pressure cooking methods with and without fermented alcohol. Pasting characteristics of cooked rice were decreased with increasing amounts of glutinous rice. The water binding capacity and swelling power were significantly decreased with increasing amounts of glutinous rice; however, water solubility indices were significantly increased. Palatability characteristics of cooked rice containing glutinous rice were similar to those of cooked rice without glutinous rice. Total polyphenol contents of cooked rice containing glutinous rice and fermented alcohol were quite different, but this difference was not significant. Total flavonoid contents were increased with increasing amounts of glutinous rice. Total flavonoid content by general cooking method for rice containing 20% glutinous rice and fermented alcohol was 23.20 ± 0.61 μg CE/g. DPPH radical-scavenging activities for samples with and without glutinous rice were 2.97–5.19 and 3.19–5.45 mg TE/100 g, respectively. ABTS radical-scavenging activity by high-pressure cooking method for rice containing 20% glutinous rice and fermented alcohol was 19.48 ± 0.63 mg TE/100 g. In this study, cooking and antioxidant characteristics of cooked rice containing glutinous rice generated data useful for manufacturing processed products.
4.
2017.06
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The mixing of rice and brown rice produced in different years is banned in Korea by the grain management act. However, there has been no reported method for discriminating the production year of rice. The objective of this study was to develop a method for discriminating the production year of rice and brown rice based on their phospholipids content. One hundred rice samples and 130 brown rice samples produced between 2012 and 2015 were collected. Twelve phosphatidylcholine components were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Phosphatidylcholine was used as an internal standard to calculate the peak intensity of the samples. A statistical analysis of the results showed that the centroid distance between the stale and new rice was 4.16 and the classification ratio was 97%. To verify the calculated discriminant, 61 and 40 rice samples were collected. The accuracy of discrimination was 82% by primary verification and 80% by secondary verification. The statistical analysis of brown rice showed that the centroid distance between the stale and new brown rice was 3.14 and the classification ratio was 96%. To verify the calculated discriminant, 10 samples of new rice and 30 samples of stale rice were collected and the accuracy of discrimination was 93%. The accuracy of discrimination for rice stored at room temperature was 57.9 –92.1% and that for rice stored at a low temperature was 86.8–94.7%, depending on the storage period. For brown rice, the detection accuracy was 94.7–100% at room temperature and 92.1–100% at a low temperature, depending on the storage period. The accuracy of discrimination for rice was affected by the storage temperature and time, while that for brown rice was more than 92% regardless of the storage conditions. These results suggest that the developed discriminant analysis method could be utilized to determine the production year of rice and brown rice.
5.
2017.06
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of rice cultivars (Hangaru, Seolgaeng, Dasan-1 and Anda) on the quality characteristics of rice beer. Hangaru and Seolgaeng which are soft rice varieties, had moisture contents that were 14.48% and 14.62% higher than those of Dasan-1 and Anda, respectively. Dasan-1 and Anda showed higher protein contents than those of the other two varieties. The amylose content of Hangaru was found to be 17.71% lower than that of the other varieties, whereas the reducing sugar content of Hangaru and Seolgaeng was higher than that of Dasan-1 and Anda. Hardness measurements for Hangaru and Seolgaeng were lower than those for Dasan-1 and Anda. Measurements of the alcohol content, pH and color of beers brewed using these rice cultivars revealed no significant difference among the cultivars. However, measurement results for bitterness showed that beers brewed with Hangaru and Seolgaeng had lower bitterness than did the beers brewed with Dasan-1 and Anda. The results of this study indicate that Hangaru and Seolgaeng can be considered as cultivars with brewing qualities suitable for rice beer.
6.
2017.06
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‘Nunkeunheugchal’ is a waxy black rice variety that has a large embryo. The quality of black rice depends on the anthocyanin content of the rice seed coat, which is mainly determined by cultivation environment. Factors that affect the anthocyanin content include nitrogen level, planting density, transplanting date and harvesting date. This study was carried out to investigate the optimum black rice cultivation conditions by examining the effects of different nitrogen levels and planting densities. An initial study was conducted to determine the optimum nitrogen level in which four levels of nitrogen were applied to the field (0, 4, 8 and 12 kg/10a). As the nitrogen contents were increased up to 8 kg/10a, there was a concomitant increase in rice yields. However, nitrogen levels greater than 8 kg/10a, the yield was maintained at the same level. Correlation analysis indicated that the optimum nitrogen level for maximum yield was 9.6 kg/10a. In addition, anthocyanin levels showed a trend similar to that of yield, with correlation analysis indicating that the optimum nitrogen level for maximum anthocyanin content is 10.6 kg/10a.On the basis of these results, a second study was conducted to determine the optimum combination of planting density and nitrogen level. The planting densities investigated were 30 × 12, 30 × 14, 30 × 16cm and nitrogen levels were 7, 9 and 12 kg/10a. A high planting density (30 × 12cm) was shown to produce higher numbers of tillers and yield. As calculated in the first study, a nitrogen level of 9 kg/10a shown to produce the highest anthocyanin content and yield. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that a planting density of 30 × 12 cm and a nitrogen level of 9 kg/10a is the optimal combination in terms of maximizing both rice yield and anthocyanin content.
7.
2017.06
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of high temperature on the stem, leaf and grain of barley during the ripening period and to provide information for the development of high-temperature cultivation techniques and adaptive varieties. We used an artificial climate control facility, to provide a temperature 3℃ higher than the normal average temperature during the ripening stage. Although the maximum rate of starch synthesis was increased at high temperature by approximately 11%, the starch content was decreased, because the period of starch synthesis ended 4 days earlier. As in the case of starch synthesis, the expression of genes related to starch synthesis was increased at the early ripening stage in the high temperature treatment, however, the duration of expression tended to decrease rapidly. Furthermore, the partitioning rate of assimilation products in the panicle increased to a greater extent in the high temperature treatment than in the control. In contrast, for the stem and leaf, the partitioning rate of assimilation products decreased more rapidly in the high temperature treatment than in the control. On the basis of these results, it can be considered that the translocation rate of assimilation products increased to a greater extent in the high temperature treatment than in the control at the early ripening stage. These results indicate that the decrease in grain weight at high temperature during the ripening stage is attributable to an increase in the speed of starch synthesis at high temperature, but the increase in ripening speed does not compensate for the shortening of the ripening period. Finally to develop varieties and cultivation techniques suited to high temperature, we need to focus on physiological characteristics related to the duration of starch synthesis.
8.
2017.06
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Crop production in rice paddy fields is of great importance because of declining rice consumption and the low self-sufficiency ratio for field crops in Korea. A controlled drainage system (CDS) is recognized as an effective means to adjust water table (WT) levels as needed and control soil water content to improve the soil environment for optimum crop growth. The present study evaluated the effects of a CDS on soil characteristics, including soil water distribution and soybean development in paddy fields. The CDS was installed with two drain spacing (3 m and 6 m) at the experimental paddy field at the National Institute of Crop Science, Miryang, Korea. It was managed with two WT levels (0.3 m and 0.6 m) during the growing season. Soil water content, electrical conductivity and plant available nitrogen content in the soil were significantly greater in the 0.3 m WT management plots than in the 0.6 m plot and the control. At the vegetative stage, chlorophyll content was significantly lower with higher WT control because of excess soil moisture, but it recovered after the flowering stage. Soybean yield increased with WT management and the 0.6 m WT treatment produced the greatest grain yield, 3.38 ton ha-1, which was 50% greater than that of the control. The CDS directly influenced outflow through the drains, which significantly delayed nutrient loss. The results of this study indicated that WT management by CDS can influence soil characteristics and it is an important practice for high yielding soybean production in paddy fields, which should be considered the crop growth stages for stable crop production.
9.
2017.06
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Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed is an important dietary source of protein, oil, carbohydrates, isoflavones, and other nutrients for humans and animals. Raffinose and stachyose are the main antinutritional factors in soybean seed. They are carbohydrates belonging to the raffinose family of oligosaccharides, which are not readily digested in humans and cause flatulence or diarrhea. The genetic reduction of the raffinose and stachyose contents in mature soybean seeds will improve the nutritional value of soybean. The objective of this research was to evaluate agronomic traits with 10 F6 strains selected from breeding populations derived from a cross among seven parents. The contents of raffinose and stachyose in mature seeds were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Agronomic traits such as flower color, flowering date, harvesting date, lodging, plant height, seed coat color, hilum color, 100 seed weight, and yield were evaluated. Ten intermediate parents showed low raffinose and stachyose contents. The intermediate parent 883-1 had a small seed size, six intermediate parents (15A1, 15D1, RS-5, RS-33, RS-64, and RS-70) had a medium seed size, and two intermediate parents (14G20 and RS-21) had a large seed size. The intermediate parent RS-21 had a black seed coat and a green cotyledon. Four intermediate parents (883-1, 14G20, RS-5, and RS-21) had elite agronomic traits. The new intermediate parents developed through this study will be used to develop improved soybean cultivars with low contents of raffinose and stachyose.
10.
2017.06
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To establish cultivation areas for the stable production of yacon, this study investigated the productivity and functional component contents of yacon in eight regions of Korea from 2011 to 2013. The results of principal component analysis using these data were as follows. A survey of 16 agricultural traits and meteorological data in the eight yacon cultivation areas showed that five factors (average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, frost-free days, and fructooligosaccharide content) were highly significant at the p < 0.001 level. Among the 16 agricultural traits and meteorological data used in the main component analysis of yacon cultivation areas, approximately eight contributed to the first principal component, and approximately four contributed to each of the second and third principal components. In particular, factors related to productivity, fructooligosaccharide content, and temperature change were considered important criteria for the classification of cultivation areas. The cultivation areas were divided into three groups by principal component analysis. In Group I, containing the Jinbu and Bonghwa areas in the mid-highland region at 500–560 m above sea level, the product yield was the highest at 2,622–3,196 kg/10a, the fructooligosaccharide content was also the highest at 9.04–9.62%, and the mean temperature was 17.3–18.5℃. In Group II, the areas Suncheon, Okcheon, Yeoju, and Gangneung, at 20–180 m above sea level, had the lowest yield, relatively lower fructooligosaccharide content, and the highest temperature. The areas in Group III showed values intermediate between those of Group I and Group II. For the different yacon cultivation areas, the product quantity and fructooligosaccharide content differed according to the environmental temperature, and the temperature conditions and number of frost-free days are considered important indicators for cultivation sites. Therefore, in terms of producing yacon with high quality, cultivation at 500–560 m is considered to give a higher yield and functional fructooligosaccharide content.
