Experiments were carried out to classify the ecotypes and maturity groups of soybean varieties, and to make clear the relationships among these ecotypes, maturity groups and some characteristics in the growing and ripening process of soybean varieties in Korea. Soybean varieties used as the material were 138, 57 varieties collected from Japan, America and Canada and 81 local varieties of Korea. These varieties were grown in the Experimental Farms, College of Agriculture, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea and Chinju Agricultural College, Kyungsang Namdo, Korea. Seed sowing was conducted at 8 times from April15 to July 29, at 15 day-intervals, in 1962. The classification methods of ecotypes and maturity groups applied in this study, and the results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Ecotypes were classified from the standpoint of the periods from emergence to flowering, the shortened ratio of days from sowing to flowering by delayed sowing, and the periods from flowering to maturity(as shown in Table A). 2. All varieties wer classified into 10 ecotypes of Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIb, IIIbIIIb, IIIcand IIIc symbols. Korean local varieties, however, belong to 6 ecotypes of IIb, IIb, IIIb, IIIc, IIIc and IIIc, respectively(table 1). 3. Durations from sowing to maturity were from 120 to 190 days in April sowing plots of all varieties. From the standpoint of the durations, maturity groups were classified into 9 groups from group I, extreme early, to group IX, extreme late, but our local varieties belong to 5 maturity groups of III, IV, V, VI and VII symbols, respectively(Table 2). 4. Kinds of ecotypes and maturity groups, and the number of soybean varieties belonging to those are as shown in Table B. 5. In this study, it was observed that there were some close relations between these ecotypes and maturity groups (Table 3,4), and among the ecotypes, maturity groups and some other characteristics in the growing and ripening process of the soybean varieties(Table 5). 6. Furthermore, it was also observed that the kinds of ecotypes and maturity groups of recommended varieties in the southern Korean provinces are more numerous than those of the northern provinces in Korea.
1. 본시험은 심경, 밀식, 다시의 3요인으로 된 36조합중 최고의 증수를 기할 수 있는 합리적인 조합을 발견하려는데 목적이 있다. 2. 수량구성요소인 평당수수와 평당입수의 비교에서는 표준시비구에서 심경 15cm 400주구, 2배시비구에서 30cm 300주구가, 그리고 3배시비구에서는 30cm 300주구와 45cm 400주구가 큰 값을 보였다. 3. 현미중에서 볼 때 각요인별 분산비는 시비량, 경운심도, 평당수수의 순이고 모두 유의성을 보였다. 요인상호간 교호작용에서는 심도x비료, 심도x밀도, 비료x밀도의 순이었으며 모두 유의성을 나타냈다. 3요인으로 된 36조합중 30cm의 심경작토에 200∼300주의 밀식을 하고 2배의 시비를 한 구가 최고의 수량을 보임으로써 적합조합으로 인정되었다. 4. 본시험은 충북청주에 위치한 식양토의 포장에서 행하여진 것이다.
대두 한국장려품종 10 개품종과 도입된 무한신육성 10개품종을 4월 15일부터 7월 29일까지 15일간격으로 파종하고 개화일수 및 결실일수를 조사하여 품종별, 파종기별로 이 2가지 특성의 변이들 분석하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 파종기가 늦어짐에 따른 장려품종의 개화일수단축율은 도입종보다 현저하게 컸다. 2. 4월말에서 6월말까지에는 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 개화일수는 직선적으로 단축되었는데 장려품종간의 차는 비교적 적었고 도입종과의 차는 컸다. 3. 개화일수의 년간변이는 장려품종들은 극히 적고 도입종들은 매우 컸다. 4. 결실일수도 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 단축되는데 단축율은 도입종에 비하여 장려품종이 현저하게 적으며 최단결실일수는 도입종이 짧았다. 5. 장려품종과 도입품종이모두 8월상순~9월중순(일장 12.5~13.5시간, 온도 22~)에 생장된 것이 개화일수가 가장 짧았고 이 기간에 결실된 것이 결실일수도 가장 짧았다
In a plant breeding program, an efficient selection of desired characters in a population is important. Generally, many agronomic characters in a given population are determined by polygenes and quantitatively inherited. In practice, the genetic relationship between two observed characters which are undoubtedly subjected to the environmental influence is difficult to identify. In recent years, many workers have attempted to understant the genetic relationship between characters in terms of genotypic correlation, and the knowledge thus gained should furnish many important and useful information for the planning of breeding, selection, and interpretation of the result. The genotypic correlation is the result of pleiotropy, linkage of genes(2, 3, 5, 6, 8) and natural or artificial selection(4). The purposes of this study were to estimate genotyric and phenotypic correlations between all possible pairs of nine characters. and to seek certain characters which may be useful as indicators of certain important agronomic characters. Weber and Moorthy(10), Johnson et al. (5) and Sheth(7) found that in general, the genotypic correlations were higher than the phenotypic correlations. Weiss et al. (11) obtained significant positive correlations between maturity and oil content, maturity and low protein content, and high protein content and low oil content. Weber and Moorthy(10) reported the positive genotypic correlations between flowering and maturity, yield and maturity, yield and plant height, yield and seed weight, and negative genotypic correlations between maturity and oil content, and oil content and seed weight. Johnson et al. (5) studied the genotypic and phenotypic correlations among 24 characters and concluded that selection based entirely on a long fruiting period, lateness, heavy seed, low protein, high oil and resistance to lodging would be effective in increasing yield. Sheth(7) found the following positive associations among characters; height and maturity, yield and lodging, low protein content and high oil content, and yield and low protein content. Hanson et al.(1) also reported high negative correlation between seed yield and protein content.
1. 본시험은 수도농림006에 대하여 규산, 만엄, 철을 주성분으로 하는 비료를 022a 당 377g, 754g, 1131g씩 시용하여 그 효과를 검토하였다. 2. 수도의 생장 즉 초장 및 분얼에 대해서는 큰 영향이 없었다. 3. 규산, 만엄, 철을 주성분으로 하는 이 비료의 시용은 도열병 및 호마엽고병의 발생을 적게 하였으며 그 분량이 많을수록 그 효과가 현저하였다. 4. 이 비료의 시용은 벼의 임실율을 증대시켰으며 정조수량을 증가하였고 완전현미량도 무거웠으며 전현미량 및 완전현미량은 시비량이 많을수록 무거웠다.