This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of bread and the rheology of flour dough containing jochung. In the farinogram test, the addition of jochung changed water absorption, development time and mixing tolerance index for making bread As the amount of jochung increased, the water absorption, mixing tolerance index decreased and the development time increased. In the extensograph test, the degree of extension decreased with increasing of jochung content whereas degree of resistance was enhanced with addition of jochung. After fermentation treatment, the volume of the dough with 20% sucrose were less than that of the dough containing 20% of jochung. The dough with 5% jochung showed the lowest dough raising power compared to the other doughs. The bread consisting of 15% jochung showed the highest volume of loaf and specific volume. Therefore, high quality of bread can be achieved by adding jochung instead of sucrose for making bread.

For the setting of control timing, the number of overwintering eggs on host plants and population density of Metcalfa pruinosa nymphs and adults was surveyed in a sesame fields. According to a survey of the overwintering eggs density of M. pruinosa on host plants, they were many in the order of Mugunghwa trees, Oak trees, and Acacia trees. Examined sesame branches within the 50cm was not found population densities of M. pruinosa nymphs and adults, and it was also very low in the sticky trap. The peak density of the adult was highest at 0.13 per trap on 11 after being first investigated on July 3 in a string wrap survey, and then decreased. In a sesame fields, it is judged that the control of the M. pruinosa is due to be 35 days after the end of the insect hatching, and that distribution of host plants is more important in the outside region than inside region.

This study was conducted to evaluate characteristics of bread and rheology of flour dough containing fructooligosaccharide. In the farinogram test, addition of fructooligosaccharide changed stability and development time. Stability and development time increased as the amount of fructooligosaccharide increased. In the extensograph test, the degree of extension decreased with increasing of fructooligosaccharide content, whereas degree of resistance increased. The volume of the loaf bread containing 10% fructooligosaccharide was the largest, and the bread containing 15% fructooligosaccharide revealed the best taste, flavor, and texture scores. After fermentation treatment, the volume of the dough with 20% of sucrose were less than that of 20% of fructooligosaccharide. Dough with 20% of sucrose revealed lowest dough raising power compared to other doughs. Overall, preference scores by sensory evaluation of bread containing fructooligosaccharide were higher than that of bread with sucrose. Therefore, excellent quality of bread may be achieved by adding fructooligosaccharide instead of sucrose to the process.

본 논문은 시공단계에서 가설지주 설치를 요구하지 않는 역삼각 트러스 거더로 보강된 새로운 합성 데크플레이트 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 기존 시스템 대비 증가된 강성과 강도를 보유할 뿐 아니라 절대 층고 변화를 최소 수준으로 낮출 수 있으며 기존의 H형강 및 U형 합성보와 같은 다양한 형태의 합성보 부재와 함께 사용될 수 있다. 제안된 시스템의 시공단계 하중에 대한 구조적 성능을 평가하기 위해 5.5m의 스팬을 갖는 5개의 시험체를 제작하여 현장 조건과 유사한 재하 하중을 단계적으로 적용시켜 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과로부터 각 시험체 별 하중-변위 그래프를 구해 비선형 3차원 유한 요소해석결과와 비교하였다. 비교 결과 보강 트러스 거더와 데크플레이트 사이에 효율적인 하중 분배가 이루어져 두 구조요소가 잘 일체화되었을 뿐 아니라 시공단계 하중에서의 최대 처짐이 건축구조기준의 제한치를 하회하여 사용성 조건을 잘 만 족시킴을 알 수 있다.

A demand for new mushrooms in the market has given impetus to explore new sources of edible mushrooms. Lepista nuda has an international reputation as an excellent edible species. The combination of its lilac color, solid fleshy structure, good shelf life, and delicious flavor makes it attractive to the market. Therefore the development of commercial cultivation techniques for L. nuda is highly desirable. This study was carried out to develop commercial cultivation techniques of L. nuda for the wild mushroom industry. For commercial cultivation of L. nuda it is required to research into environmental and physical parameters and to develop the new varieties with good productivity and short cultivation period. Twelve of L. nuda were provided from National Agrobiodiversity Center, Korea in 2012. They were investigated mycelia1 growth and formation of fruiting bodies on Agaricus compost. Only five among twelve, KACC51942, KACC52012, KACC52212, KACC52227, and KACC52139, succeeded in initiation and development of fruiting bodies. Spore collection and isolation of monokaryons were obtained from four except KACC52012. We selected four of L. nuda, KACC51942, KACC52212, KACC52227, and KACC52139, as crossing parents to develop the new varieties to shorten cultivation period. They showed different mycelial growth on agar and specific shape and color of fruiting body on button mushroom bed.

This study aims to investigate laws and standards(including technical guidelines) related to safety criteria for 22 kitchen machines frequently used in commercial kitchens. The study was based on literature survey, interviews with charge persons in kitchen machines manufacturing companies, cafeteria providing group meals and relevant association, and web surfing. The results showed that there are two types of safety criteria such as legally forced ones by laws and optional ones by national industrial standards or technical guidelines. High pressure safety control act, safety control and business of liquefied petroleum gas act and city gas business act prescribed gas use apparatus safety criteria, rational energy utilization act did those of pressure vessel such large rotary caldron, industrial health and safety act did those of food processing machinery, and electrical appliances safety control act did those of electrical kitchen appliances. Compulsory or optional standards or guidelines related to safety criteria for kitchen machines were presented by 22 kitchen machines. Safety devices shown in the laws, standards and guidelines were also summarized by kitchen machines and their risk factors.

This study was to evaluate the characteristics of bread and the rheology of flour dough containing sugar alcohols, after addition of fructose. In the farinogram tests, the addition of sugar alcohol changed the stability and mixing tolerance index. The stability and mixing tolerance index of farinogram increased as the amount of sugar alcohols increased. Amylograms revealed that the increase in gelatinization temperature and maximum viscosity of wheat flour dough with sugar alcohols was more than that of controls. Extensogram of dough with sugar alcohols exhibited higher extensibility and resistance. After fermentation treatment, the dough volumes prepared with only sorbitol and xylitol were lesser than those prepared after addition of fructose. The volume of loaf and specific volume of bread containing sugar alcohols with fructose significantly increased. The breads containing sugar alcohols showed greater taste, flavor and texture scores, for breads prepared with either sorbitol with fructose or xylitol with fructose, compared to breads without fructose. Overall preference scores by sensory evaluation of bread containing sugar alcohols with fructose were higher than bread with only sugar alcohols. These results indicate that the addition of fructose improves the flavor of bread containing sugar alcohols.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has caused by expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), Tau and presenilin (PS) as known as plaques and tangle accumulation. AD transgenic porcine model is necessary for preclinical testing of therapeutic agent because of similar metabolic system between porcine and human. The objective of study was to generate AD transgenic pig by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) with multi-cistronic vector system. AD multi-cistronic vector was 6 well-known mutation on 3 AD related genes, hAPP (K670N/M671L, I716V, V717I), hTau (P301L) and hPS1 (M146V, L286P). Establishment of AD transgenic cell lines was used from Jeju black pig ear fibroblast cells (JB-PEFAD) with the AD multi-cistronic vector. The JB-PEFAD cell was confirmed on mRNA expression, protein synthesis of hAPP, hTau and hPS1 and identification of integration and karyotype. Although fusion rate was no difference in SCNT with JB-PEF AD (SCNTAD) embryos, cleavage and blastocyst formation rates were slightly lower than in SCNT with non-transgenic JB-PEF (SCNTnon-TG). Individual SCNTAD blastocysts were detected hAPP, hTau and hPS1 genomic integration which showed 93.2% (n=30) efficiency in genomic DNA (gDNA) level. It will give us a possibility to develop porcine animal model for AD study in the future.

건물외피 발생하는 열교현상은 건물의 단열성능 및 외피의 내구성에 영향을 미치며, 국내의 일반적인 주거형식인 공동주택의 발코니에 있어서 이러한 열교현상은 중요하게 고려되고 있다. 이와 같이 내·외부 발코니 슬래브 사이에서 발생하는 열교현상을 최소화하기 위한 목적으로 열교차단장치가 개발되었으며 다수의 건설현장에서 적용되고 있다. 철근콘크리트 슬래브 벽-슬래브 접합부에 열교차단장치를 적용함으로써 건물의 단열성능을 향상될 수 있으나 풍하중과 같은 양방향의 하중에 의해 열교차단장치 삽입부위가 적합한 구조성능을 확보하고 있는지에 대한 검증이 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 철근콘크리트 슬래브에 적용된 열교차단장치의 구조성능을 확인하기 위해 변위제어 방식으로 30 싸이클의 반복하중을 가력하였다. 열교차단장치가 삽입된 접합부는 요구되는 구조성능을 확보하며, 최대 모멘트강도, 에너지소산능력, 연성비가 기존의 철근콘크리트 슬래브와 비교하여 향상되는 것으로 나타났다.

This studies were conducted to develop cultivation methods on three Asclepiadaceae fami-lies(Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley, C. auriculatum Royle ex Wight and Metaplexis japonica Makino) ofwhich products are conventionally used as medicinal materials by analyzing plant growth. The variationof leaf weight of Asclepiadaceae families showed culmination point at August 15, and the stem showedhighest growth on August 30. The root weight increased linearly during the growth. The days for sprout-ing was most shortened in the Cynanchum wilfordii as 18 days, and C. auriculatum, Metaplexis japonicafollowed after. The seed harvesting dates was Oct. 8 in the Cynanchum wilfordii, Oct. 23 in the Metaplexisjaponica, and Nov. 1 in the C. auriculatum, respectively.

표고균사에서 갈변시기를 조절하고 확인할 수 있는 유전공학적 시스템을 개발하여 톱밥재배용 표고균주를 조기에 선별할 수 있도록 표고균사가 갈변되는 동안 균사상태에서 특이적으로 발현되는 유전자를 분리하기 위하여 갈변되지 않은 균사와 갈변이 완전히 이루어진 균사에서 differential display를 실시하였다. 그 결과 이들 균사로부터 특이적으로 발현되는 두 개의 1.6kb 와 1.2kb의 cDNA clone을 선발하여 염기서열을 분석하였다. 이 중 1.6kb의 cDNA단편은 Dugenia polichroa로부터 분리된 microsatellites 유전자와 100%의 상동성을 나타냈다. 그러나 1.2kb의 cDNA 단편은 3´부위에 poly A tail과 5 부위에 partial open reading frame를 가지고 있어 이를 primer로 제작한 후 갈변되지 않은 균사와 갈변이 이루어진 균사에서 RT-PCR을 실시하여 본 결과 갈변이 되지 않은 백색의 균사에서 발현이 확인되었다. 1.2kb의 cDNA 단편의 5’ 부위의 염기서열 분석은 110개의 아미노산으로 구성된 partial open reading frame으로 나타났다. 이 유전자를 DNASIS database에서 상동성을 비교해 본 결과 Arabidopsis thaliata에서 분리된 dTDP-glucose 4,6- dehydratases 유전자와 DNA 수준에서는 66.7%, 아미노산 수준에서는 69.2%의 높은 상동성을 나타내었다. 갈변에 관련된 특이 유전자(BCR gene)를 확인하였다. 이 유전자는 산화 stress에 대해 저항성을 나타내는 기능을 가진 것으로 알려져 있어 표고 균사가 갈변될 때 repressor로서 작용할 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 이 유전자를 BCR (Brown Color Repressor) 유전자라고 명명하였다.

표고 수집균주의 특성을 파악하고 재배적 특성과 갈변과의 상관관계를 알아봄으로써 표고 톱밥재배를 안정적으로 실시하고 재배기간을 단축시킬 수 있는 방법을 모색하고자 하였다. 한천배지에서의 균사생장은 균주와 배지에 따라 다르게 나타났으며, MEA와 PDA에서는 큰 차이가 없었다. 균사생장 최적온도는 20∼25℃ 이었다. 200lux의 광조건에서 갈변패턴에 따라 균주를 분류할 수 있었다. 갈변기간은 한천배지에서는 30-40일, 톱밥봉지에서는 70∼100일이 소요되었다. 자실체 특성을 관찰한 결과 300g 이상 수량을 보이는 균주가 12균주였으며, 자실체 수량 및 재배특성을 고려할 때 ASI 3046이 가장 우수한 것으로 판단되었다. 균사생장과 갈변 간의 유의성은 인정되지 않았으며, PDA배지와 톱밥 균사생장과는 유의성이 인정되었으며, 한천배지에서 갈변되는 기간과 톱밥배지에서 갈변되는 기간과의 관계는 고도 유의 상관을 나타내었다. 따라서 균이 갈변되는 성질은 영양분의 차이보다는 균의 고유한 성질이라고 생각되며 갈변이 빠른 균주를 선발하기 위해서는 한천배지를 이용하여 균을 선발할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 앞으로 톱밥재배에 필수적인 갈변에 대한 이해를 실제 재배에 접목시켜 톱밥재배 기간을 단축시키거나 생산성을 비약적으로 증대시키는 등 톱밥재배를 활성화시킨다면 품질이 높은 생표고를 낮은 가격으로 생산해 낼 수 있으리라 생각된다.

The genus Micromus is a large group, belongs to the family Hemerobiidae with a worldwide distribution. This genus was named by Rambur, 1842 based on the type species Hemerobius variegates Fabricius, 1793. Eighty five species have been described from the world. Among them only one species, M. numerosus (Navás), has been recorded from Korea. Morphologically, Micromus is easily distinguished from other hemerobiid genera by the combination of the following characteristics: maxillary palpus 5 segments, labial palpus 3segments; forewing with costal area quite narrow at base and one prestigmal Sc-R crossvein, without recurrent humeral vein and crossvein 2M-Cu. Members of the genus Micromus are generally considered to be beneficial as predators of various aphids, particularly on sugar cane and corn plants. This genus occurs in a variety of habitats including both trees and grasses. It is often found in alfalfa fields where both larvae and adults feed on aphids. Adults are also highly attracted to lights at night. In this reviewing study about the Korean Micromus, we study two species. M. angulatus (Stephens) and M. numerosus (Navás). Among them M. angulatus is newly included in Korean fauna. We also provide a key to the Korean species of Micromus, description, illustrations of diagnostic characters and distributional data.

Sundubu, Pork-Bulgogi, Kimchi-pork, Pork rib, Samgyetang, Stir-fried squid, Stir-fried chicken, Braised potato, Braised tofu and Jabchae were selected as takeout-style Korean food items. Sensory evaluation using a 9-point hedonic scale was conducted with residents in Honolulu, Hawaii during a 2 month market test. Among the respondents in the sensory evaluation, Japanese and Americans constituted 32.8% and 25.3%, respectively, of total respondents, which reflect the residential races in the state of Hawaii. The sensory scores of each attribute were judged as follows : aroma 7.2~8.2, color 7.0~8.2, flavor 7.2~8.2, overall preference; pork rib 8.2, pork Bulgogi=braised potato 8.1, stir-fried chicken 8.0, kimchi pork 7.9, Sundubu 7.6, Jabchae and braised tofu 7.5, stir-fried squid 7.2, Samgyetang 7.0. In a satisfaction survey using a 5 point scale after a 2 month market test, the scores of each satisfaction attribute such as quality, price, convenience, difference, etc. were shown to range from 4.1-4.6, indicating that 10 take out-style Korean food items were very popular with Hawaiian consumers. These results suggest that Korean food items are competitive with other ethnic foods in the Hawaii market.

표고 톱밥배지의 갈변을 촉진시키기 위하여 광을 조사한 결과 100Lux 이상의 광처리에서 원하는 수량을 얻을 수 있었으며 암상태에서의 자실체의 발생은 기형버섯율이 높았으며 수량도 저조하였다. 그러나 갈변은 200 Lux이상의 광에서 정상적으로 이루어졌으며 가장 빨리 갈변이 되기 시작하였다. 온도별 처리에서는 25℃의 배양온도를 유지하여 배양한 것이 갈변시작일도 가장 빨랐고 갈변도 가장 많이 진행되었으며 수량과 개체중량도 가장 높았으며 정상적인 수량을 나타낸 처리 중 기형버섯의 발생량도 가장 적었다. 배지내에 통기성이 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 솜마개의 크기를 달리하여 처리한 결과 마개의 크기가 클수록 균사의 생장량도 빨랐으며 갈변이 이루어지는 시기도 빨랐다. 그러나 자실체의 수량은 솜마개의 직경이 16mm일 때 가장 높았으며 마개가 클수록 배지내의 CO2함량은 낮았으며 배양기간 중 갈변이 진행되는 8주에서 14주 사이에서 CO2함량이 가장 높았다. 배양기간 중 C2H4함량은 8mm의 솜마개에서 가장 많이 발생하였으며 12, 16, 20, 0, 4mm의 솜마개으로 발생하였다. C2H4함량도 CO2함량과 같이 8주에서 14주사이의 배양기간에서 가장 높았다. 침수시간에 따른 자실체의 발생효과를 구명하기 위하여 침수시간별로 자실체의 수량과 효소들의 활성을 조사하였다. 침수를 하지 않은 배지는 수량이 침수를 한 배지에 비하여 약 40%가 감소하였다. 침수시간은 4시간과 15시간 침수한 것이 각각 165g/1000ml, 175g/1000ml이었다. 침수시 cellulose분해효소는 침수에 따른 변화가 없으나 lignin 분해효소인 laccase는 침수시간에 따라 약 4 배정도까지 효소의 활력이 증가되었다.

표고균사가 액체배지나 한천배지에서 생장하여 숙성되는 동안 갈변되는 현상을 나타낸다. 표고균사는 접종 25일부터 갈변이 시작되어 30일부터 균총 전반에 걸쳐 이루어지기 시작해 접종 40일까지 갈변이 완전히 이루어진다. 이때 균사내의 효소의 활력을 조사한 결과 phenloxidase계통의 효소들은 laccase는 접종 15일에 가장 높았으며 갈변이 되면서 점점 감소되었으나 tyrosinase는 갈변이 이루어지는 30일부터 급격히 증가하였고 peroxidase는 등전점 전기영동에 의하여 조사한 바 갈변이 이루어지는 30일부터 서서히 증가하였다. 등전점전기영동에 의해 조사된 phosphatase효소는 esterase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase를 조사하였으며 균사의 갈변이 일어나기 시작하는 접종 30일까지는 증가되었으나 그 이후 갈변이 이루어지는 과정에서는 급격히 감소되었다.

Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) is usually cultivated on the oak log. Log cultivation of this mushroom is getting difficult to get oak logs and has a weak point of its long cultivation period. Recently sawdust cultivation is getting increase. It is important to make mycelia browning on the substrate surface. This browned surface in sawdust cultivation plays an important role like as artificial bark of the oak log, which protects the other pests and suppresses water evaporation in the substrate. The period for mycelia browning is so long that the sawdust cultivation of Shiitake mushroom can not spread well into the mushroom farms. The development of methods for the rapid mycelia browning is quite required. In this article we would like to discuss about the enzymatic activities related mycelia browning and search the methods of cultivation period reduction.