This studies were conducted to develop cultivation methods on three Asclepiadaceae fami-lies(Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley, C. auriculatum Royle ex Wight and Metaplexis japonica Makino) ofwhich products are conventionally used as medicinal materials by analyzing plant growth. The variationof leaf weight of Asclepiadaceae families showed culmination point at August 15, and the stem showedhighest growth on August 30. The root weight increased linearly during the growth. The days for sprout-ing was most shortened in the Cynanchum wilfordii as 18 days, and C. auriculatum, Metaplexis japonicafollowed after. The seed harvesting dates was Oct. 8 in the Cynanchum wilfordii, Oct. 23 in the Metaplexisjaponica, and Nov. 1 in the C. auriculatum, respectively.
Recently, products that a have 3-dimensional(3D) micro structure have been in wide use. To fabricate these 3D micro structures, several methods, such as stereo lithography, reflow process, and diffuser lithography, have been used. However, these methods are either very complicated, have limitations in terms of patterns dimensions or need expensive components. To overcome these limitations, we fabricated various 3D micro structures in one step using a pair of diffusers that diffract the incident beam of UV light at wide angles. In the experiment, we used positive photoresist to coat the Si substrate. A pair of diffusers(ground glass diffuser, opal glass diffuser) with Gaussian and Lambertian scattering was placed above the photomask in the passage of UV light in the photolithography equipment. The incident rays of UV light diffracted twice at wider angles while passing through the diffusers. After exposure, the photoresist was developed fabricating the desired 3D micro structure. These micro structures were analyzed using FE-SEM and 3D-profiler data. As a result, this dual diffuser lithography(DDL) technique enabled us to fabricate various microstructures with different dimensions by just changing the combination of diffusers, making this technology an efficient alternative to other complex techniques.
In this study, a method that estimates stiffness and mass matrices of shear building from modal test data is presented. This method applied of building depends on the number of measurement points that are less in number than the total structural degrees of freedom, and on the first two orders of structural mode measured. By means of this method it is possible to use modal data of unmeasurable points to estimate total stiffness and mass matrices of structure. Some examples are studied in this paper, and its result shows that this method is reliable.
The purpose of this study is to calculate the moment of sharing ratio for each component of the U shaped composite beam. The experimental results show that the yield moment is 1,129.5 kN․m and the theoretical value based on the strain gages is 1,057 kN․m with a difference of about 7%. As a result, the share ratio of the slab of reinforced concrete and the bottom plate of the U shaped beam were found to be about 88%.
Background : The effect of ridge-up bed cultivation and stem training method on the plant growth and yield of Cynanachum willfordii was investigated. Methods and Results : Domestic variety of Cynanachum willfordii was tested at Chungbuk ARES under the following conditions. Nonsupporting (custom) and I-form supporting was used for stem training method, and ridge height was set as 30 (custom) and 60 cm (high ridge). Planting spacing was adjusted to 30 (interrow spacing) × 20 cm (intrarow spacing), and other major management was followed the method of standard cultivation for medicinal crop. Investigated result from leaf characteristics, leaf length was longer in high ridge cultivation (HRC) as 11.1 cm than custom cultivation (CC) as 10.6 cm. Leaf width is proved to be 12.8 (HRC) > 11.2 cm (CC). Leaf number is proved to be 294 (HRC) > 254/plant (CC), with higher number of 44/plant at HRC and weight/10 leaves were more heavy at HRC (4.9 g) than that of CC (2.6 g). It was more fruit setting at HRC over 15/plant. According to the stem training method and ridge height from nonsupporting cultivation, main root was 4.0 (CC), higher than that of HRC over 0.5/plant. However, root length was more longer in HRC (28.6) than that of CC (25.0 cm). Main root diameter was also showed more thicker pattern in HRC. From staking cultivation, root number of HRC was 7/plant, it was recorded more 3/plant than that of CC, and it was also same pattern in main root length and root diameter. By the standard of commercial root, yield of living roots in nonsupporting cultivation were 59.0g/plant (HRC), it was more heavy over 10.4g/plant than that of CC. In staking cultivation, HRC were recorded as 74.2g/plant, more heavy 6.9g/plant than that of CC. Yield from I-form support stem training and ridge-up bed cultivation of HRC was higher approxmiately 52.7% than that of CC. Conclusion : Overall growth by high ridge cultivation of I-form support was good and yield of HRC was also increased over 52.7% than that of CC.
세계화 추세에 발맞춰 국내에도 외국인 유학생들의 수가 급속도로 늘어나고 있다. 그러나 외국인 유학생들을 대상으로 한 다양한 연구는 아직 미흡한 현황이며 특히 이들 유학생들이 실생활의 대다 수 시간을 보내는 대학생활원에서의 생활 및 적응에 관련된 연구는 찾아보기 어렵다. 따라서 본 연 구는 질적 연구방법을 사용하여 외국인 유학생들의 실제 대학생활원에서의 생활방식을 유학생들의 직접적인 목소리를 통해 들어보고, 이들 유학생들이 대학생활원의 시스템을 어떻게 이용하고, 어떻 게 적응하며, 어떤 부분에서 한계점을 느끼는지 파악해 보고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 외국인 유학생들 은 경제적인 효율성과 지리적 위치와 생활의 편의를 대학생활원의 장점으로 손꼽았고 엄격한 규율 과 의사소통의 문제, 대학생활원생들을 위한 서비스의 미흡 문제, 급식관련 문제, 그리고 문화적 차 이를 그 한계점으로 지적하고 있었다. 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위해서는 먼저 다양한 문화권의 학 생들이 거주하는 생활원으로서의 대학생활원에 대한 인식의 변화가 먼저 우선되어야 할 것으로 지 적되었으며 세부적으로는 대학생활원의 경비원 이외에도 외국인 유학생들과 의사소통이 가능한 대 학생활원 안내 직원의 상주가 시급한 것으로 제시되었다. 또한 현존하는 대학생활원내의 외국인 조 교제도를 보다 실용적인 방향으로 활용해야할 필요성도 제기되었다. 이러한 개선점들을 통해 현지 대학생활원에서 생활하고 있는 외국인 유학생들의 삶의 질 상승은 물론, 향후 유학생의 급속한 증가 와 함께 더 크게 야기될 수 있는 문제들을 해결할 수 있는 역량을 키울 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
These studies were conducted to discriminate Cynanchum wilfordii, C. auriculatum, Metaplexis japonica, andPolygonum multiflorum by morphological characters. Cynanchum wilfordii, C. auriculatum, and Metaplexis japonica(Ascle-piadaceae) were easily distinguished from Polygonum multiflorum by twining stem to the left, producing opposite leaves,having laticiferous stems and leaves at cutting cross-sectionally, and lacking lignification of the stem. Four species had differ-ent morphological characters of flower. Comparing four species to fruit type, three species of Asclepiadaceae had follicle,while Polygonum multiflorum had achene with three wings. Follicle shape was lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate, and widelylanceolate in C. wilfordii, C. auriculatum, and Metaplexis japonica, respectively. Whereas seed color of four species was darkbrown similarly, seed shape and 1,000 seed weight were useful characters to discrimate between three species ofAsclepiadaceae and Polygonum multiflorum. Shape and color of root were thickened and yellowish brown in C. wilfordii andC. auriculatum. They were thin and long and white in Metaplexis japonica, and fusiform and reddish brown in Polygonummultiflorum. They would be useful characters to distinguish Cynanchum spp., Metaplexis japonica, and Polygonummultiflorum, however, impossible characters to discriminate between C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum.