A Cultivation method to minimize the damage caused by high temperatures was studied by investigating the effects of groundwater cooling treatment on the growth, yield, and quality of strawberries. In the groundwater cooling treatment, the daily average temperature of the rhizosphere was reduced from 26.9°C to 24.9°C . The root length increased by 0.3–9.2 cm, depending on the cultivar and growth period. The leaf number, leaf area, leaf length, leaf diameter, and plant height also increased, especially in the cultivars ‘Seolhyang’ and ‘Maehyang’, resulting in higher fresh and dry weights. The number of fruit per plant increased from 7.7 to 12.5 in ‘Seolhyang’, and the fruit weight increased by 0.3 g in ‘Seolhyang’ and 1.3 g in ‘Maehyang’. The fruit hardness increased, but no significant difference in fruit coloration was observed. The sugar content of the fruit was improved by 0.2–0.3 °Brix. Therefore, groundwater cooling of the rhizosphere was effective in improving the growth and productivity of strawberries under abnormally high temperature conditions and can be considered a cost-efficient cooling system.

내러티브 연구는 여러 학문에서 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 특히 기독교에서의 내러티브는 설교해석과 성경연구, 성경인물 탐구의 도구로 많이 활용되고 있다. 내러티브의 의미를 살펴볼 때, 내러티브는 단지 이야기로서의 내러티브는 아니다. 본 연구에서는 기독교 인식론을 앎의 주체와 대상의 관계성에서 살펴보고, 내러티브 관점에서 기독교 인식론의 의미를 찾아보고자 한다. 내러티브 관점에서 기독교적 인식론을 살펴 본 결과 서로 유사점이 있다는 것을 발견 할 수가 있었다. 첫째, 전인격적인 앎은 내러티브의 사고 즉 인격적 앎과 유사성을 가진다. 둘째, 기독교적 인식론의 공동체적 경험의 성격은 내러티브의 경험의 구조화와 유사하다. 셋째, 기독교적 인식론의 상호 관계적 성격은 내러티브의 구성주의적 사고와 학습의 특징과 비슷하다.

Background : Oplopanax elatus, comnonly called Asian devil’s club, is distributed in the northern high mountains of the Korean peninsula, northeastern China, and southeastern Russia. Its root is traditionally used to treat asthma, depressive states, chronic fatigue syndrome, and hypertension, neurasthenia, hypopiesis, schizophrenia, cardiovascular problems, diabetes mellitus, impotence, emaciation, hypotension cough, rheumatism, arthritis, gastrointestinal disorders, and wounds. Plant cell and tissue culture techniques for the mass production of adventitious roots in suspension culture allows a high proliferation rate, stable accumulation rate, and production of valuable compounds. Methods and Results : The plants were cultured on 1/4 MS medium with 1% sucrose and 1% plant agar for 3 month and they transferred to pot. The pots were contained of soil, soil + pelite (1 : 1), and soil + sand (1 : 1), respectively. The plants were measured plant length, leaf length, and leaf number. The number of leaves have represented as similar result of 7.44 ± 1.34 ㎝ in soil and 7.56 ± 1.26 ㎝ on soil + pelite. The 3.22 ± 0.53 ㎝ of plant length and the 6.57 ± 0.51 ㎝ of leaves length were highest on soil. Conclusion : The survival rate depending on soil types of Oplopanax elatus was confirmed to exist in these cases of soil and soil+pelite. However, they all died in condition of soil+vermiculite. The number of leaves have no difference and the length of plant and the length of leaves were longest on soil.

그래뉼은 중간 매개체의 도움 없이 미생물의 자가 고정화에 의해 형성된 미생물 응집체로 충격부하에 강하고, 높은 생물량 및 높은 침전성을 갖는 등 여러 장점을 바탕으로 폐수의 생물학적 처리 공정에 이용되고 있다. 그리고 낮은 강도의 초음파 조사를 이용하여 반응조 내 미생물의 활성도를 증가시켜 반응조 성능을 증대시키는 연구들이 보고되고 있다. 따라서, expanded granular sludge blanket (EGSB)를 이용한 선행연구를 통해, 저강도 초음파가 그래뉼 활성 및 수소발생에 미치는 긍정적인 영향을 확인하였다. 저강도 초음파(0.1 w/mL, 1 sec per 1 min) 처리로 수소 발생량이 65% 증가하였다. 본 연구에서는, 저강도 초음파 처리가 그래뉼의 형태학적 변화에 미치는 영향에 대해서 실험을 진행하였다. 저강도 초음파 처리와 재순환 적용 유무로, 4가지 반응조를 구성하고 연속 실험을 진행하여 각각의 반응조에서 그래뉼 샘플을 채취하였다. 각각의 그래뉼 샘플들은 기존의 분석 방법과 다르게 CMEIAS 프로그램을 이용하여 이미지 분석을 하여 그래뉼의 크기 및 형태를 파악하였고, VP-SEM을 이용하여 그래뉼 표면의 변화를 관찰하였다. 기존의 그래뉼 입도 분석은 많은 시간과 인력, 비용이 들어간다는 단점이 있어 무료 프로그램인 CMEIAS를 이용하여 새로운 방식으로 이미지 분석하였다. 이미지 분석 결과 저강도 초음파 처리와 재순환 적용이 각각 그래뉼 크기를 5% 증가됨을 확인하였고, 동시에 적용할 경우 그래뉼 크기가 20% 증가됨을 확인하였다. VP-SEM 결과 저강도 초음파 처리가 그래뉼 표면에 거친 형태를 매끄럽게 변화시키고 공극을 형성시키는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 저강도 초음파 처리와 재순환 적용은 그래뉼의 형태학적 변화에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳐 반응조 성능 향상에 영향을 미쳤을 것이라고 사료된다.

Vegetation has a great importance in erosion control and slope stabilization, protecting and restraining the surface soil and increasing the strength and competence of the soil mass. However, normal green soil have poor adhesion to slopes. In order to enhance the adhesion, therefore, the vegetation effect of green slope soil mixed with cement materials was investigated in this study.

Environmental pollution is the major problem associated with rapid industrialization, urbanization and rise in living standards of people. In order to reduce environmental pollution, therefore, shielding materials using industrial waste resources were developed and the radiation shielding performance was evaluated.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of spermine treatment on the growth, yield and quality in strawberry under low-temperature condition, and thereby develop a chemical method to minimize damages by low temperature in greenhouse cultivation. Spermine treatment significantly improved the growth of strawberry in terms of leaf number, leaf area, leaf length, leaf diameter, plant height and plant weight. The highest effect was observed in the 250 uM spermine treatment and the effect tended to be maintained during the entire growth period of 90 days. Fresh weight and dry weight were significantly different depending on the concentrations of spermine. Strawberry plants treated with 250 uM spermine showed higher fresh weight and dry weight compared to untreated control plants during the growth period. Fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter were relatively higher when treated with 100 μM spermine compared to other treatments. The fruit yield was the highest with 14 fruits per plant at 250 μM spermine treatment and the coloration of the fruit was the best at this treatment with the Hunter a and b values of 46.56 and 28.75, respectively. The hardness of strawberry fruit tended to increase higher than 2N at 250 μM and 500 μM 250 uM spermine treatment. The sugar content of strawberries treated with 250 μM spermine was 9.5 ° Bx which was 1.6 ° Bx higher compared to that in untreated control. However, spermine treatment did not affect the acidity of fruit and it remained 0.68-0.76% regardless of treatment concentrations. These results suggest that spermine treatment has a positive effect on the growth and productivity of strawberry fruit under abnormal low-temperature condition. The positive effect was the highest at 250 μM spermine treatment and gradually decreased in the order of 100 μM, 500 μM, and untreated control.

콘크리트는 장기수명이 요구되는 구조물에 적합한 건설재료로 내구성이 우수하지만 장기간 지하수에 노출되어 발생하는 칼슘용출 현상에 대한 이해 및 이에 따른 RC 부재의 휨 거동 특성을 평가할 필요가 있다. 실험결과에 따르면, 광물질 혼화재는 RC 부재의 장기강도 개선에 효과적이지만, 칼슘용출이 발생하면 RC 부재의 항복하중 및 휨 강성이 감소하고 중립축깊이와 처짐량이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 칼슘용출에 의한 열화는 RC 부재의 성능 저하를 유발하므로 칼슘용출 환경에 노출되는 지하구조물에 광물질 혼화재가 적용될 경우에는, 광물질 혼화재 종류에 따른 최적 혼입 비율이 마련되어야할 것으로 사료된다.

Recently, the parking in downtown area has caused severe problem due to the dramatic increase of possessing automobile in the country. A parking structure has been on the spotlight to solve the parking problem in downtown area. However, the overall height of parking structure is stipulated less than 8 m. Therefore, in this research, ‘wide composite beam’, which is possible for reducing story height and having long span, is developed and the flexural capacity of the wide composite beam is evaluated. Based on the result of the flexural test, the flexural strength of wide composite beam increased by 20% as the thickness of steel beam increased by 3 mm (6 mm → 9 mm) The shapes of rebar (whether it is triangle or rectangular shape) in the wide composite beam did not affect its flexural strength. The flexural strength of wide composite beam without rebar decreased by 10% compared to that of wide composite beam with rebar. In addition, the neutral axis moved upward as a load increased, but the neutral axis moved downward, when the load exceeded a certain level of load.

도심지 주차문제 해결에 있어 공작물 주차장이 주목을 받고 있다. 그러나 공작물 주차장은 전체 높이 8 m 이하로 건설되도록 규정 되어 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 층고 절감 및 장스팬화가 가능한 와이드 합성보를 대상으로 휨 및 전단성능을 평가하였다. 실험결과 보강철근 (트러스 철근)은 휨강도에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그러나, 보강철근이 없는 실험체의 경우 항복강도의 70%에서 슬립이 발생하여 기계적 부착 능력이 저하되었다. 전단부착 실험결과 전단연결재가 없는 모든 실험체는 기계적 부착만으로 충분한 전단부착 성능을 가지지 못하므로, Flat Bar를 최소 2개 이상 설치하여야 한다.

This study was conducted to develop radish as a food product for home meal replacement using superheated steam (SHS). Also, the change of quality characteristics was studied during their storage. The radish cuts were treated with SHS for 0, 3, 5, and 7 min, respectively, followed by complete drying at 80℃ for 6 hours. The results showed that radishes restored with mixed solution (drinking water:sugar:vinegar:salt=2:1:0.8:0.1) were harder than those restored with drinking water. All radishes were stored at 5, 10 and 15℃ for 56 days to investigate the changes of quality characteristics during the storage. Radishes in the control group, restored with drinking water and stored at 15℃, were spoiled after 7 days of storage. The radish in the experimental group did not show any change in the water content; except an increase on the first day of storage. The hardness of radish decreased with an increase in the storage period. It was found that microbial growth was inhibited due to low pH of the mixed solution, in which radishes of the experimental group were immerse.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of superheated steam (SHS) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) techniques on the improvement of the quality of Bulgogi product during manufacturing process. Bulgogi product was treated with four different cooking/treatment process: conventional cooking (CC), SHS cooking (SHS), CC and then HHP cooking (CC-HHP), and SHS and HHP cooking (SHS-HHP) samples. SHS treated product increased moisture content, and decreased crude protein. Additionally, hardness, gumminess and shear force values were significantly different among the samples (p<0.05). In safety experiment after 14 days of storage at refrigeration temperature indicated that the bacterial population was lower in the case of SHS-HHP as compared to CC-HHP. Changes in texture during the storage periods at 10℃ for SHS-HHP was lowest values with compared to the initial, while shear force values for both tended to decrease with increasing storage period. The TBA and VBN values for SHS-HHP increased to 0.48 (5℃)-1.68 (10℃) mg MD/kg and 25.14 (5℃)-45.14 (10℃) mg%, respectively after 15 days of storage. Overall, it was found that the combination of SHS and HHP reduced microbial growth, thus leading to improved product quality and sanitation.

In this paper, the slope adhesion force of the developed green slope soil was evaluated by simulating rainfall intensity. From the results, the slope failure didn't occur at all conditions. As the slope angle increases, however, the damage decreased. The developed green slope soil is considered to have sufficient adhesion capacity to the slope.

최근 들어 아토피 피부염, 알레르기 비염, 천식 등 환경성질환이 지속적으로 증가하는 추세이며, 특히 아토피질환의 발생 혹은 악화에 관여하는 환경적 요인은 생물학적 요인, 화학적 요인, 물리적 요인 등으로 분류할 수 있으며 면역력이 약한 어린이, 청소년 및 노인층을 중심으로 꾸준히 발생에 대한 예방관리에 더욱더 많은 관심을 기울일 필요가 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 청소년 복지시설로서의 환경성질환센터 계획에 관한 연구이다. 유아기에서부터 청소년기까지 정규 교육과정 이 외에 가장 가깝게 접하는 생활권 청소년수련시설에 환경성 질환에 관한 예방 및 생활교육으로서의 시설 제안을 통하여 환 경적, 물리적 요인에 의하여 발생되는 환경성 질환을 청소년기에 예방하는 것에 목적을 둔다. 이에 본 연구는 청소년복지시 설로서의 환경성질환센터에 관한 공간디자인 관점에서 적절한 단위공간규모 및 공간 간의 동선계획 및 관계성을 공간구성 도로 만들어 지자체나 정부기관에서 예방적 차원의 시설을 계획할 때 각론적 기준을 제시하는 것에 의의 두고자 한다.

It is necessary to investigate the possibility of high density material as an ingredient in the manufacturing of radiation shielding material. In this study, the suitability of heavy weight waste glass as a shielding material is considered. From the results, it was found that when the heavy weight waste glass substitution ratio increases, radiation shielding performance also increase.

In this paper, the moisture content of fertilizer on properties of green slope soil using mineral additives are evaluated. From the results, when the moisture content of fertilizer increases, the soil hardness (penetrometer cone index) is decreased. And the moisture content of fertilizer increases, the shrinkage decrease at early ages, however, shrinkage increased with the ages.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of low temperature on the growth, yield, quality, and biologically active compounds of strawberry and obtain basic information for developing a technology for stable growth of strawberry in greenhouses. Growth of strawberry, including leaf number, area, and length, plant height, and dry weight was better at the optimum growth temperature of 20℃ than at a lower temperature of 15°C. At the low temperature of 15°C, the cultivar 'Maehyang' was more tolerant and displayed better growth rate than 'Seolhyang'. At 15°C, the fruit production per week and fruit weight was lower than that at 20°C. In contrast, fruit length and diameter were not significantly different between the two growth temperatures. Growth temperature also did not affect the fruit color index, Hunter L, a, b value, or fruit firmness. However, the sugar content of strawberries grown at 15 was higher by 0.8 and 1.5 Brix for 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang', respectively, than of those grown at 20°C. There was no difference in the content of fisetin, a biologically active compound, for 'Seolhyang' at both growth temperatures, however, the fisetin content of 'Maehyang' was higher at 20°C than at 15 . Cinchonine and ellagic acid content of 'Seolhyang' was higher at 20°C than at 15 , whereas that of 'Maehyang' was higher at 15°C than at 20℃ . Quercetin content showed no significant differences with respect to growth temperature, however, it tended to increase at 20°C. The cinnamic acid content of 'Seolhyang' was higher at 15°C than at 20℃ , whereas that of 'Maehyang' increased at 20°C. Collectively, the biologically active compounds of strawberry were affected by growth temperature. Moreover, the content of these compounds tended to increase at 20°C, the optimum growth temperature, rather than at the sub-optimal growth temperature of 15°C.

본 연구는 장애인편의시설이 장애인 전용이라는 제한성에서 벗어나 노인, 아동 등 일상생활에서 가능한 많은 사람들이 보 편적으로 사용할 수 있는 유니버설디자인의 적용을 통해 누구나 차별없이 동등하게 이용할 수 방안을 제안하기 위해 진행 되었다. 본 연구는 선행연구와 문헌연구를 통해 장애인편의시설과 유니버설디자인의 이론적 개념을 정립하고, 장애인편의 시설과 관련한 법률 및 유니버설디자인 관련 조례 현황을 분석하여 현재 유니버설디자인이 적용되는 영역을 살펴보았으며, 실제 유니버설디자인의 적용 및 확대가 필요한 ‘정보에 자유롭게 접근할 수 있는 권리’의 사례를 제안하였다. 최근 ｢발달장 애인의 권리보장 및 지원에 관한 법률｣과 ｢한국수화언어법｣이 시행됨에 따라서 물리적 공간뿐만 아니라 정보접근의 확대 를 위한 유니버설디자인의 적용도 충분히 고려되어야 하지만 유니버설디자인 및 장애인편의시설에 관한 선행연구에 있어 서 대다수가 물리적 환경의 실태조사와 개선방안에 집중되어 있었다. 또한 장애인편의시설의 경우, 실제 이용 여부 보다는 설비가 구축되어 있는지 없는지가 주요 조사내용이었다. 이에 일부 정보접근에 대한 유니버설디자인의 적용 가능성을 제안 하였고, 장애인의 요구를 수용하고 환경을 개선해 나가는 과정에서 장애인만 고려하는 것이 아닌 다수의 사람들이 편리하 고, 안전하게 이용할 수 있는 환경을 구축하는데 가장 효과적인 접근이 유니버설디자인의 원칙을 적용하고 확대하는 것임 을 제안한다.

Asthma deaths in Seoul peaked on the third, fifth, and second days after the PM concentration exceeded the daily average concentration standard. We classified the synoptic meteorological conditions, based on the days involving such cases, into three categories. Type 1 included the meteorological condition likely to cause high air pollution concentrations in the leeward region, the dominant wind direction of which is the northwest. Type 2 included the meteorological condition likely to cause high air pollution concentrations due to the weak wind velocity under stable atmospheric conditions. Type 3 was when the passage low atmospheric pressure and the expansion of high atmospheric pressure occurred at the rear, indicating a meteorological condition likely to cause high air pollution, in certain regions. Type 1 occurred 11 times, with high concentrations of over 100㎍/m³ being observed in the southeastern part of Seoul. Type 2 occurred 24 times, often accompanied by a PM concentration of 100~400 ㎍/m³. Type 3 occurred 11 times, and was accompanied by several days of yellow dust that accounted for the highest concentrations.