벼 담수표면직파는 파종 후 균일한 입모수확보가 수량을 결정하는 중요한 요인 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 담수 하에서 입모와 관계되는 초기생육형질을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 담수표면산파 후 담수심 10 ㎝를 유지한 후 3주 뒤 생존 개체를 토양 뿌리내림정도에 따라 입모형을 세 가지로 분류하였다. 뿌리가 완전히 땅속으로 고정된 형을 착근1형으로, 뿌리끝부분은 땅속에 있으나 뿌리기부는 땅위로 들떠서 배수를 할 경우 쓰러지는 형을 착근2형으로, 뿌리가 물속에 떠있는 형을 부상형(浮上型으)로 분류하였다. 재래벼계통인 PBR, WD3가 총발아묘수와, 착근1형이 많았고, 남평, 주안벼는 총발아묘수와 입모수와 착근1형이 적었다. 담수산파 후 무 담수시에는 품종간 초장 및 입모율에 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 담수조건에서의 입모율은 생체중 및 초장과의 상관이 컸고 건물중과 근장과의 상관은 작았다. 따라서 담수직파전용 품종육성을 위해서는 반드시 담수상태 에서 초기생육량을 기준으로하여 유전자원을 선발해야 할 것으로 생각되며 이에 관한 생리. 생화학적 기초 연구가 필요하다.

서남부 간척지에서의 고품질 쌀 생산을 위한 생태형별 적정 이앙시기를 구명하고자 2002년부터 2004년까지 호남농업연구소 계화도출장소 시험포장 문포통(세사양토, 토양 염농도 0.1%)에서 운광벼, 고품벼, 삼광벼, 신동진벼, 청호벼, 호평벼를 공시하여 이앙시기별 벼 생육, 수량구성요소, 수량 및 품질 관련형질을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 단위면적당 영화수는 생태형에 관계없이 5월 20일 이앙에서 가장 적고 그 이후 이앙에서는 일반적으로 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 2. 중만생인 호평벼는 등숙비율이 5월 20일 이앙에서 높았으나, 기타 품종들은 6월 1일 이후 이앙에서 높았다. 3. 완전미 비율은 이앙시기간에 일반적으로 이앙시기가 늦어짐에 따라 높아지는 경향을 보였으며, 단백질함량은 운광벼 및 삼광벼는 조기 이앙에서, 고품벼, 신동진벼 및 청호벼는 만기 이앙에서 높은 경향이었으나 호평벼는 이앙기간에 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 4. 완전미 수량은 운광벼, 신동진벼, 호평벼는 6월 10일과 6월 20일 이앙에서 높고 삼광벼 및 청호벼는 6월 1일과 6월 20일 이앙에서 높았다. 5. 따라서 완전미 수량, 등숙비율, 미질 등을 고려한 이앙적기는 중만생종인 삼광벼, 청호벼, 호평벼는 6월 1일, 조생종인 운광벼와 중만생종인 신동진벼은 6월 10일로 판단된다.

"드래찬" 품종은 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부에서 2008년도에 육성한 중만생 양질 내병성 품종으로 주요특성과 수량성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 출수기는 보통기 보비재배에서 8월 17일로 한마음보다 2일 늦은 중만생종이다. 2. 쌀은 복백이 약간 있으나 아밀로스 함량이 낮고 밥맛이 좋은 편이다. 3. 도열병, 흰잎마름병 레이스K1-3 및 줄무늬잎마름병에는 저항성 반응을 보였으나 멸구 및 매미충류에는 약한 반응을 보였다. 4. 유묘 내냉성은 한마음과 비슷하

"보석"은 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부에서 2008년도에 육성한 조생 고품질 내냉성 품종으로 주요특성과 수량성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 보통기 보비재배에서 평균 출수기가 7월 29일, 남부중산간지에서는 7월 26일로 오대벼보다 3일정도 빠른 조생종이다. 2. 오대벼에 해 주당수수와 수당립수는 많고, 등숙비율은 다소 높으나 현미천립중은 오대벼보다 가벼운 편이다. 3. 위조현상은 없고 성숙기 하엽노화가 늦고 수발아는 오대벼 보다 잘되는 편이다. 유묘기 내냉

"진백"은 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부에서 2008년도에 육성한 중만생 고품질 벼흰잎마름병 신균계, K3a 저항성 품종으로 주요특성과 수량성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 남서해안지, 호남 및 영남평야지 보통기 보비재배에서 평균 출수기가 8월 18일로 남평벼보다 1일 늦은 중만생종이다. 2. 간장은 71 cm로 '남평벼'에 비해 8 cm 정도 작고 주당 수수는 남평벼와 비슷하며 수당립수는 적고 등숙비율이 다소 높은 중립종에 속한다. 3. 위조현상은 나타나지

벼 내염성 유묘검정에서 실용성, 경제성, 정밀성이 우수한 검정체계를 확립하고벼 자포니카 내염성 중간모본 및 품종개발을 위한 내염성 유전자원 및 품종을 선발 이용하고자 본 시험을 수행하였다. 1. 증류수 이용 Yoshida 양액에 NaCl를 첨가한 염처리는 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%로 희석한 바닷물로 Yoshida 양액을 제조한 염처리 보다 유묘 내염성 계통을 선발하는데 효율적이었다. 2. 수돗물로 양액 제조 처리는 증류수로 양액 제조 처리와 유묘 내

상시담수 하에서 발아 및 안정적인 입모를 확보하는 것은 담수직파에서 매우 중요한 일이다. 일반적으로 담수 조건에 서는 유묘생장이 억제되지만, 담수 처리 시 초기생육이 우수한 익산429와 담수 처리 시 생육이 저조하며 생존율이 낮은 Woodrose 2품종에 대해 발아 및 초기생육기간 담수 처리하여 혐기대사와 관련된 ADH활성과 항산화효소들의 변화를 관찰하였다. 1. 담수 처리 시 벼는 유아만 신장하며 뿌리는 신장하지 못했고, 익산429가 Woodrose보다 담수상태에서 생존기간이 길었고 생장도 빨랐다. 그러나 무 처리에서는 Woodrose의 생육이 빨랐다. 2. ADH활성은 담수 처리 시 무 담수에 비해 급격히 증가하였고, 익산429가 Woodrose보다 활성이 오래 유지되었는데, 처리 7일째는 익산429가 무처리에 비해 약 7배, Woodrose는 약 2.5배 증가하였다. 4. SOD, POX, CAT 활성 모두 담수 처리에서 무 담수보다 낮았다. 그러나 SOD는 담수시 무 담수에 비해 크게 활성이 낮지는 않았으며 품종 간에는 익산429의 활성이 무 담수 및 담수 처리 모두 Woodrose보다 높았고 담수 시에도 익산429가 Woodrose보다 높게 유지되었다. POX 활성변화는 담수시 익산429가 지속적으로 증가한 반면 Woodrose는 큰 변화가 없었다. CAT활성은 담수 처리 초기부터 아주 낮은 활성을 보여 처리기간 동안 거의 증가하지 않았으나 무 담수시에는 3일까지 활성이 크게 증가하였다. 따라서 담수 처리 시 발아 및 초기생육기간 동안 담수내성이 약한 품종에서 SOD와 POX의 역할이 크고 ADH활성이 높게 유지되어 에너지를 공급할 수 있는 품종이 담수 시 초기생육에 유리할 것으로 사료된다.

Hopum is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from the cross between Milyang165 and F1 crossing Milyang165 and Iksan438 at Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA, in 2006. This cultivar has a short grain shape and about 141 days growth duration from direct seeding to harvesting in the southern plain including Chungcheong province. This cultivar has short culm and spikelet number per panicle is similar to that of Nampyeongbyeo, while filled grain rate is lower than standard variety. This cultivar has medium size of brown rice and shows moderate resistance to leaf blast, to bacterial blight pathogens of K1, K2 and K3 and stripe virus disease but susceptible to major virus diseases and insect pests. The milled kernel of Hopum is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. Protein and amylose content of Hopum is about 6.5% and 18.7%, respectively. This cultivar has better palatability of cooked rice than Chucheongbyeo harvested in Gyeongki province. Its milling recovery (76.8%) and percentage of perfect-shaped milled rice (94.7%) were higher than Nampyeongbyeo. The milled rice yield of Hopum was 5.83 MT/ha (15% higher than Juan) under wet-direct seeding, 5.66 MT/ha (8% higher than Juan) under dry-direct seeding, and 6.00 MT/ha (8% higher than Nampyeong) under ordinary transplanting cultivation. “opum”would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting and direct seeding in the southern plain including Chungcheong province.

Manna is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from the cross between Iksan438 and Ilmibyeo by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, RDA, in 2005. This cultivar has a short grain shape and about 97 days growth duration from late transplanting to harvesting under Korean climatic conditions. It is resistant to lodging with average 70 cm of culm length. The milled kernels of Manna are translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. It has about 19% amylose content and good palatability of cooked rice compared with Geumobyeo. This cultivar shows resistance to leaf blast and neck blast but susceptibility to bacterial blight and stripe virus diseases. The milled rice yield potential of Manna is about 5.05 MT/ha under the late transplanting cultivation. Manna would be adaptable for the middle and Honam plain of Korea.

‘Saenuri’ is a new japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2007. This variety was derived from a cross between Gyehwa17 with lodging tolerance and high yield potential, and HR14026-B-68-6-1-5 with resistance to diseases and good eating quality. This variety has about 124 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It is about 78 cm in culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows moderately resistance to blast, and resistance to bacterial blight pathogen races from K1 to K3 and stripe virus, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of “Saenuri” exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and midium short grain. It has similar amylose content of 19.0% and lower protein content of 6.1%, and good palatability of cooked rice compared with Nampyeongbyeo. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.71MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. “Saenuri” would be adaptable to west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea.

“aegseolchal”is a new Japonica type waxi rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2007. This variety was derived from a across between Iksan435 which is highly tolerant to lodging and high yield potential, and Iksan425 which is resistance to multiple diseases. This variety has about 120 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in middle, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It is about 80 cm in culm length and tolerant to lodging. It is moderately resistant to blast, and resistance to bacterial blight pathogen races from K1 to K3, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. “aegseolchal”is midium-short grain and the milled rice exhibits high whiteness. The milled rice yield was about 5.37 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. “aegseolchal” would be adaptable to plain areas south of the Chungnam Province of Korea.

‘Gangbaek’ is a japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2006. ‘Gangbaek’ was derived from a cross between ‘Suweon345’ with good grain quality and ‘DV85’ resistant to bacterial blight, K3a. F1 plants were grown in the greenhouse in winter of 1992/1993 and backcrossed with ‘Suweon345’ as the recurrent parent. Plants resistant to K3a race of bacterial blight (BB) were selected from BC1F1 to BC4F1 and used as parents in the backcrossing processes. This variety has about 120 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in west-southern coast and Honam plain of Korea. It is about 69 cm in culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows moderately resistance to blast, and resistance to bacterial blight pathogen, K1, K2, K3 and K3a, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of ‘Gangbaek’ exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and midium short grain. It has lower amylose content of 18.6% and protein content of 6.4% compared with ‘Nampyeongbyeo’. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.28 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. This cultivar would be adaptable to the bacterial blight-prone area in the south-western coastal and Honam plain of Korea.

벼의 황숙기 이후의 잦은 강우와 낮은 휴면성으로 인해 발생하는 수발아는 수량감소는 물론 미질을 떨어뜨려 품질에 악영향을 초래한다. 최근의 지구온난화와 같은 이상기후에 의한 등숙기 고온과 강우는 수발아 발생의 위험성을 증가시키고 있다. 이에 국내178개 육성 품종을 대상으로 수발아 검정을 실시하였다. 수발아율이 60%이상인 품종은 21품종, 11～60%는 84품종, 10%이하의 품종은 69품종이었다. 10%이하의 수발아율을 보인 품종을 살펴보면 검정에 공시된 18개의 통일형 품종 모두 이 군에 속하였고, 나머지 51품종은 자포니카형 품종이었다. 숙기별로는18개 통일형은 중생종이었고, 자포니카형 품종 중 오대벼 포함 24개 품종이 조생종, 동진1호 포함11품종이 중생종, 남평벼와 황금누리를 포함한 중만생종이 16품종이었다.

“Unmi” is a new japonica rice variety developed by the rice breeding team of Honam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, RDA in 2007. This variety was developed from a across between Samcheonbyeo with lodging and cold tolerance and HR17870 derived from the cross of Iksan435 (Sobibyeo) and Sangju17 with resistance to diseases and good quality. This variety has about 110 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in northern plain, northern and southern mid-mountainous areas of South Korea. It is about 68 cm in culm length and tolerant to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows moderate resistance to blast, and to bacterial blight pathogen races from K1 to K3, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of “Unmi” is translucent and has relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has about 17.3% amylose content, 6.3% of protein and similar palatability of cooked rice compared with Odaebyeo. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.16 MT/ha under the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. “Unmi” would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting in the northern plain, northern and southern mid-mountainous area of South Korea.

“unbora”is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from a cross between Iksan433 resistant to bacterial blight and Miyadamamochi, a waxy line. at Honam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, RDA, in 2006. This cultivar is a short grain shape and about 118 days of growth duration from transplanting “unbora”to harvesting under Korean climatic conditions. The milled rice are snow white and glutinuous. This cultivar shows high resistant reactions to the bacterial blight pathogen race K1～K3 and blast respectively. The milled rice yield of “unbora”is about 5.34 MT/ha under the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. “unbora”would be adaptable for in the middle plain, north middle-mountin plain and Honam plain, and Youngnam plain areas of Korea.

“wangkeumbora”is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from a three way cross of Jinbubyeo, Odaebyeo and Fukei126 at Honam Agricultural Reaserch Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA, in 2006. This cultivar has about 110 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting under Korean climate condition. The milled kernel of “wangkeumbora”is translucent with non- glutinous endosperm. Amylose content of “wangkeumbora”is about 19.3%. “wangkeumbora”has better palatability of cooked rice compared with “daebyeo”and shows high resistant reaction to the blast, but susceptible to major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice yield of "Hwangkeumbora" is about 5.37 MT/ha under the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. “wangkeumbora”would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting in northern plain, mid-mountainous and southern mountainous of Korea.

Hwangeumnodeul is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from a cross between Milyang165 and HR15151-B-21-3 at Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA, in 2007. This cultivar has short grains and about 139 days of growth duration from direct seeding to harvesting in the southern plain areas. Culm length of this cultivar is 78 cm and the number of spikelet per panicle is similar to that of the check cultivar, Nampyeongbyeo, while filled grain rate is lower than the check variety. This cultivar is moderately resistant to leaf blast, bacterial blight pathogens of K1, K2 and K3 and stripe virus but susceptible to major virus diseases and insect pests. Milled kernel of Hwanggeumnodeul is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. This cultivar has about 5.7% and 18.6% of protein and amylose contents, respectively. Palatability of cooked rice of Hwanggeumnodeul is similar to Nampyeongbyeo. Its milling recovery and head rice were 75.6% and 90.0%, respectively. Hwanggeumnodeul yielded 5.69 and 5.61 MT/ha in milled rice at the under wet-direct and dry-direct seeding conditions, respectively which are 17% and 12% higher than the check variety, Juanbyeo. It yielded 5.86 MT/ha, 8% higher than Nampyeongbyeo at the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. “wanggeumnodeul”would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting as well as direct seeding in the southern plain including Chungcheong province.

‘nnuri’is a japonica rice cultivar developed from the cross between ‘ilyang 165’and HR14732-B-67-2-3 at Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA, in 2005. This cultivar has a short grain shape and about 121 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in Korean climate condition. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows resistance to blast, bacterial blight pathogen from K1 to K3 and stripe virus, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled kernel of ‘nnuri’is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. It has about 18.6% of amylose content and better palatability of cooked rice compared with ‘hucheongbyeo’cultivated in Kyunggi province. The milled rice yield of ‘nnuri’is about 5.94 MT/ha under the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. ‘nnuri’would be adaptable to southern plain of Cheonan, middle-northern plain, and southern mid-mountainous of Korea.

“Dami”is a new japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Honam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, RDA in 2006. This variety was derived from a cross between Iksan438 with lodging tolerance and high yield potential, and Iksan426 This variety has about 122 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It is about 83 cm in culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic stresses, it shows moderately resistance to blast, and resistance to bacterial blight pathogen races from K1 to K3, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of “ami”has high Quality, midium short grain. The milled rice yield of this variety is about 5.92 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. “ami”would be adaptable to Middle plain, Honam plain and Youngnam plain area of Korea.