Being in an internet era, the rapid transmission of 3D mesh models is getting more important and efforts toward the compression of various aspects of mesh models have been provided. Even though a mesh model usually consists of coordinates of vertices and properties such as colors and normals, topology plays the most important part in the compression of other information in the models. Despite the extensive studies on Edgebreaker, the most frequently used and rigorously evaluated topology compressor, the probability distribution of its five op-codes, C, R, E, S, and L, has never been rigorously analyzed yet. In this paper, we present probability distribution of the op-codes which is useful for both the optimization of the compression performance and a priori estimation of compressed file size.

STEP is the international standard for the computer-interpretable representation and exchange of product data. STEP physical file as the implementation method of STEP generally has a large file size which may be an obstacle of efficient use and seamless transition through network. Therefore, the compression of STEP physical file has been interested recently. In this paper, we present the compression algorithm of STEP physical file. STEP physical file is compressed by LZ77 with an appropriate search buffer size for STEP physical file and Huffman coding is applied to the result of LZ77. The proposed algorithm obtains the significant compression ratio.

Since transmitting various files around Internet is one of common activities in everyday life, the compression is important technical issue in these days. Shape models are also frequently transmitted and therefore its compression has also been studied. Considering the large portion of shape model can be normal vectors, a new scheme was recently presented to compress normal vectors using clustering and mixed indexing scheme. Presented in this paper is a mathematical investigation of the scheme to analyze the probability distribution of normal index distances in Normal Index array which is critical for the compression. The probability distribution is formulated so that the values can be easily calculated once the relative probabilities of C, R, E, S, and L op-codes in Edgebreaker are known. It can be shown that the distribution of index distances can be easily transformed into a few measures for the compression performance of the proposed algorithm.

Effect of gamma irradiation on quality properties of half-cooked noodle was studied. The noodle were treated with lactic acid(0.1%, w/w), heat(10 min in boiling water) or their combination after cooking for 3 min, and irradiated at 0, 5 and 10 kGy. The noodle were stored at 25℃ for 5 weeks and microbial population, Aw, pH, and texture profiles were examined. Fungi were completely eliminated by gamma-irradiation with 5 or 10 kGy does. Number of aerobic bacteria were also decreased by 2 and 4 log cycles with dose of 5 and 10 kGy, respectively. The D_(10) values of aerobic bacteria were 2.34-2.95 kGy. Growth of the aerobic bacteria that survived even at 10 kGy of irradiation were significantly inhibited during storage. Acidification of half-cooked noodle was suppressed by gamma irradiation but A_w were not affected. Stickiness was decreased at the beginning of storage by gamma irradiation but was restored after 3 weeks. The results indicated that the gamma irradiation would be useful to improve quality and storage stability of half-cooked noodle.

일반 해양 구조물이나 해저면에 설치되는 해저 관로는 외력에 의한 변형이 발생된다. 구조물 형상이 복잡하거나, 구성 요소의 개수가 많을 경우 응력해석 시 많은 초기값이 필요하고 해석 시간 또는 장 시간 소요된다. 해양 구조물에 작용하는 대표적인 외력은 파도, 조류, 바람이고 이런 외력은 구조물의 사용 기간(operation life)동안 계속적으로 작용하기 때문에 구조물의 변형율은 항상 허용치 안에서 발생되도록 설계되어야 한다. 허용 변형은 탄성범위 내에 존재해야 하며, 비교적 큰 변형을 일으키는 구조물이나 해저파이프라인의 응력해석을 수치적으로 접근하는 방법을 고찰하였다. 평행상태의 하중 벡터값만 직각 좌표계에서 인트린직(intrinsic) 좌료로 변환시킬 때 변형이 발생함으로, 본 논문에서 소개하는 이차 요소(quadratic element)방법을 사용할 경우 수치해석 시 많은 장점이 있다는 것을 보여준다. 본 방법을 도입함으로써 비교적 큰 변형이 발생되는 구조물 해석 시 일반 수치해석 방법과 그 결과는 같으나 해석 시간을 단축시킬 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 응력 해석 시 국부 강도 행열(element stiffness matrix)은 방향과 무관하며 이차요소 방법을 사용하여 각 요소 벡터를 발생시켰다. 해저관로 일점 상승 시 관로에 작용하는 변형과 상승력에 따른 휨 모멘트를 산출하여 일반적으로 사용되는 선형이론과 비교하였다.

콩은 전세계적으로 재배되는 중요한 작물 중에 하나로 최근, 표준유전체 해독과 함께 유전적, 표현형적으로 다양성을 가진 한국핵심집단이 구축됨에 따라 유전체 기반 분자 육종 연구, 유전자 교정 기술을 활용한 새로운 육종 소재 개발 연구가 가속화 될 것으로 예상된다. 유전체 정보 기반 작물의 분자 육종 및 생명공학 연구를 통한 성공적인 작물의 개량을 위해서는 식물의 효율적인 조직배양 기술이 수반되어야 할 것이다. 그러나 반수체 생산, 원형질체 배양 및 형질전환 기술과 같은 콩의 조직배양 효율은 아직까지 높지 않고 일부 계통에 한정되어 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 콩의 분자육종 및 생명공학 기술의 적용을 위하여 다양한 콩 조직배양 기술에 관한 연구 동향을 분석하고 조직배양 효율에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대한 정보를 제공하고자 하였다.

본 연구에서는 국내 콩 유전체의 변이밀집영역(dVB)에서 유 래한 27개 InDel 마커를 신품종 20개에 적용하여 품종판별용 마커로서 범용성을 검증하고 신품종의 구별성과 국내 품종의 유전적 다양성을 확인하였다. 20개 신품종과 MyCrops에 포함된 기존 149개 품종과의 유사도는 평균 61.3%이고, 최저 25.9%에서 최대 96.3%의 유사도로 완전 일치(100%)되는 바코드는 없어 20개 신품종의 유전적 구별성을 모두 확인할 수 있었다. 유연관계를 분석한 결과에서는 신품종을 포함한 국내 169품종이 4개의 유전집단으로 구분되었으며 풋콩 및 단기성 콩의 80%가 I-2 소그룹, 나물콩의 65.9%가 II-2 소그룹에 주로 속한 반면, 장류 및 두부콩은 I-1 (44.4%), I-2 (26.4%), II-2 (23.6%) 소그룹에 고르게 분포하였다. 20개 신품종에 대한 계보도는 나물콩 주요 계보와 장류 및 두부콩으로 크게 두 그룹으로 나누어지며 유연 관계분석을 뒷받침하였다. 품종판별을 위한 최소 마커를 선발 하기 위해 PIC가 높은 공통마커와 품종별 특이마커를 선발하는 2단계 과정을 통해 품종에 따라 7~9개의 최소 마커로 신품종의 진위를 판별할 수 있었다. 이처럼 콩 변이밀집영역에서 유래된 27개 InDel 마커와 이를 이용한 신품종 바코드 정보의 지속적인 업데이트는 수입산에 대한 국산 품종의 보호와 육성가의 권리 증진에 기여하며, 더불어 육종과정 중 신규 유전변이를 도입하고 목표형질을 선발하는 등 육종 효율을 개선하는데도 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of acute respiratory viral infection on Kawasaki disease. From July 2016 to June 2018, among the patients who underwent respiratory virus screening at the Kwangju Christian Hospital, those diag-nosed 88 patients with Kawasaki disease were enrolled in this study. The effects of acute respiratory viral infection on Ka-wasaki disease were compared according to whether 2nd intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment was administered or not, and whether coronary artery complications occurred. Respiratory virus was detected in 44 out of 88 patients. 2nd IVIG treatment rates were 16% (n=7) and 27% (n=12) in the virus positive group and the virus negative group, respectively (p>0.05). The incidence of coronary artery complications was 11% (n=5) and 25% (n=11) in the virus positive group and the virus negative group, respectively (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between the 2nd IVIG admin-istration and coronary artery complications following the detection of respiratory virus in patients with Kawasaki disease. We think it is necessary to actively study the effects of acute respiratory viral infection on Kawasaki disease through large-scale studies of multiple centers in the future.

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis in pediatric enteroviral meningitis. A retrospective analysis of the medical records was performed in 281 patients under 18 years of age who were diagnosed with enteroviral meningitis by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at Kwangju Christian Hospital from January to December 2016. Clinical symptoms and laboratory findings were compared according to the presence or absence of CSF pleocytosis. 112 children (39.9%) did not have CSF pleocytosis. When we compared the group of meningitis without pleocytosis and the group with pleocytosis, age were younger (< 2years), and the interval between onset of symptoms and the time of lumbar puncture was shorter (<24 hours), peripheral white blood cell counts were lower, but C-reactive protein (CRP) was higher in the group of meningitis without pleocytosis. Enteroviral meningitis should not be excluded even if CSF pleocytosis is not seen in patients. And enterovirus CSF RT-PCR should be performed with high suspicion in children younger than 2 years.

전 세계적으로 지진발생이 빈번하고 많은 인명피해와 사회기반시설물의 피해가 발생하고 있다. 지진에 대한 보수, 보강기법에 대 한 연구가 많이 있었지만 대부분은 강성보강형태로 반복적인 하중이 구조물에 작용하면 2차적 피해가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 강성보강이 아 닌 연성보강형태의 보수, 보강기법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 철근 콘크리트 기둥 부재에 적용할 수 있는 보강 공법으로써 폴리머계의 고인성 과 고연성 효과를 나타내는 경질형 폴리우레아를 내진보강용 재료로 선택하였고 재료의 열화 및 내화학적 특성에 대한 내구 성능을 평가하였 다. 내구 성능 평가는 폴리우레아의 산 환경 및 자외선 노출 시험을 실시하였고, 폴리우레아를 도포한 콘크리트의 탄산화 노출 및 동결융해 시 험을 실시하였다. 내진보강용 폴리우레아는 모든 시험을 통하여 내구성능과 저항능력이 우수한 것으로 판단되며 추후 내진 보강 재료로써 유 용하게 사용될 것으로 사료된다.

This study proposes a multi-robot system, using multiple autonomous robots, to explore concrete structures and assist in their maintenance by sealing any cracks present in the structure. The proposed system employed a new self-localization method that is essential for autonomous robots, along with a visualization system to recognize the external environment and to detect and explore cracks efficiently. Moreover, more efficient crack search in an unknown environment became possible by arranging the robots into search areas divided depending on the surrounding situations. Operations with increased efficiency were also realized by overcoming the disadvantages of the infeasible logical behavioral model design with only six basic behavioral strategies based on distributed control-one of the methods to control swarm robots. Finally, this study investigated the efficiency of the proposed multi-robot system via basic sensor testing and simulation.

One of the most important processes to accurately predict structural responses is to evaluate accurate structural dynamic properties using finite element (FE) models. The analyzed structural dynamic properties usually show considerable discrepancies with the measured ones because structural details are commonly simplified in the FE models. To identify such discrepancies, FE models of them have been calibrated using the measured dynamic properties in previous researches. In this study, dynamic properties were measured for a historic cathedral and the FE model of it was calibrated using the measured results as a reference. Finally, a procedure of the FE model construction for masonry cathedral were tentatively proposed.

This study was conducted to investigate the reliability of automatic cracked and bloody egg detector according to the age of the hens and the level of the detector. The results of this study are expected to be helpful in the implementation of the Korean egg grading system, which is expected to improve egg quality for consumers. An official egg grader randomly selected 1,000 eggs for each experiment (total 36,000 eggs), ran them through the automatic detector, and conducted labor inspection using the eggs that were classified by the detector as cracked, bloody, and normal eggs. The results showed that more cracked eggs were laid by hens aged 40-60 weeks than by hens aged 30 weeks (p<0.05). Also, when the detector level increased from four to seven (i.e., when it became less sensitive), its cracked eggs detection rate dropped, and the total rate of cracked eggs was consistent after the labor inspection of the classified eggs. The automatic detector achieved over 97 percent accuracy. The bloody eggs constituted only 0.005 percent of all the samples, and all the detector-detected eggs were bloody eggs after the labor inspection of both the bloody and normal egg lines. Therefore, it can be concluded that the automatic cracked and bloody egg detector was reliable and can be used in the egg grading system. Considering that cracked eggs should be less than 9 percent of first-grade eggs in the present egg grading system, the use of an automatic crack detector may help provide better-quality eggs to consumers by producing less than 5.5 percent cracked eggs.

This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in the quality of rice wine (Makgeolli) treated with UV-C and electron beam (EB) irradiation during its storage at 4℃ for 15 days. The EB irradiation was found to be more effective than the UV-C irradiation for microbiological control. The pH tended to be increased by UV-C, EB irradiation, and storage period. Acidity was significantly higher in rice wine treated with EB irradiation than those of control and UV-C irradiation during storage period. The L*-value of the samples treated with UV-C and EB irradiation tended to be proportionately higher than that of the control, but this was not consistent during storage period. The a*-value of the sample treated with EB was higher than that of the others, but this was not consistent during the storage period. The reducing sugar content was higher in the control at day 0, but it rapidly decreased compared with the control during the storage. The results indicate that EB irradiation was more effective than UV-C irradiation in controlling microorganisms of rice wine. However, a further study is needed to minimize the rice wine quality deterioration caused by UV-C or EB irradiation during storage.

Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide that is widely used throughout the world for higher agricultural production. Its extreme toxicity, however, has caused health and environment concerns that have led to an interest in detoxification. In this study, the radiolytic degradation of endosulfan was investigated. Endosulfan in methanol solution (100 ppm) was irradiated at 0, 10, 30, and 50 kGy, and subsequent changes in immune toxicity and degradation of endosulfan were observed. The concentration of endosulfan that was used in this experiment did not affect the cell proliferation. The irradiation of endosulfan decreased the production of NO, indicating a decrease in the immune toxicity of endosulfan by irradiation. The concentration of endosulfan was significantly reduced by irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that gamma irradiation can degrade endosulfan and can reduce its immune toxicity.

The characteristics of the components related to the meat taste of the commercial broiler (CB) and the Korean native chicken (KNC) were compared. The breast meat from CB showed higher amounts of C16:1 and C18:2 but lower amounts of C16:0 and C22:6. The thigh meat from CB showed a higher amount of C18:1 but lower amounts of C16:0, C18:0, C20:4, and C22:6. The flavor- and taste-contributing amino acids, including aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, lysine, histidine, and arginine, were significantly higher in the KNC breast meat, but the level of amino acids in the thigh meat were not different between the two breeds. The measurement of the volatile compounds revealed that CB contains much higher volatile compounds compared to KNC in their fresh breast and thigh meat. Both in the breast and thigh meat, however, the amount of flavor compounds increased significantly after cooking; as such, KNC turned out to have more flavor compounds than CB.

본 연구는 루가구의 멍에 실험에서 휨거동 및 보강효과 등의 특성을 파악하였다. 실험 결과, 기준실험체는 가력하중 초기부터 하단에서 휨균열이 발생하여 파괴로 진행되었으나 탄소섬유막대 보강실험체는 실험체 상부에서 압축에 의한 수축현상이 발생하여 압괴되거나 보강재의 파단으로 파괴되어 초기하중부터 보강효과가 발휘되는 것으로 사료된다. 보강실험체는 기준실험체에 비해 항복강도는 6% ~38%, 최대강도는 8%~17% 높은 강도를 나타내었다. 탄소섬유막대로 휨 보강한 실험체는 휨처짐 제어의 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 보강실험체의 연성계수는 기준실험체에 비해 평균 141% 정도 증가되는 것으로 나타나 구조적으로 연성 거동을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

유통중인 계란의병원성균 오염상태를 시판되는 multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) kit로 검사한 결과, 총 90개의 검사시료 가운데 한 가지 이상의 미생물이 검출된 계란시료는 30개로, 검사시료의 미생물 오염도는 약 33.3% 수준이었다. 미생물별 검출 빈도는 B. cereus가 17개 시료(18.9%)에서 검출되어 가장 높은 빈도를 보였으며 Y. enterocolitica는 16개(17.8%), L. mo