목적: 50세 이상에 해당하는 연구대상에서 성별에 따른 나이관련 황반변성의 초기와 후기 유병률과 위험 요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 제5기 국민건강영양조사(2010-2012) 원시자료의 총 조사대상자 25,534명 중 건강설문조사와 검진 조사를 모두 받은 50세 이상 남녀에서 결측치가 있는 대상을 제외한 7,599명(남자 3,263, 여자 4,336)을 연 구대상으로 하였다. 성별에 따른 초기 및 후기 나이관련 황반변성의 위험요인을 알아보기 위해 나이를 통제 한 상태에서 인구학적 특성, 전신질환, 검진조사에 관한 변수에 대해 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수행하였고 이 결 과에서 유의한 변수들만으로 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 결과: 나이관련 황반변성 초기의 유병률은 남자 8.8%, 여자 10.3%였으며 후기의 유병률은 남자 1.4%, 여자 0.7%였다. 초기 나이관련 황반변성에 대한 교차비는 남자에서 나이가 1세 증가할 때 1.043배, HDL (high-density lipoprotein)이 1mg/dL 증가할 때 1.010배, AST(aspartate aminotransferase)가 1IU/L 증 가할 때 1.011배, 비타민 D가 1ng/mL 증가할 때 1.020배 높아졌으며 Creatinine이 1mg/dL 증가할 때 0.446배 낮아졌고 여자에서는 나이가 1세 증가할 때 1.080배, B형간염표면항원 양성인 대상에서 1.960배 높아졌고 혈소판이 1Thous/uL 증가할 때 0.997배 낮아졌다. 후기 나이관련 황반변성에 대한 교차비는 남자 에서 나이가 1세 증가할 때 1.083배 높아졌고 B형간염표면항원 양성인 대상에서 3.436배 높아졌으며 여자 에서는 나이가 1세 증가할 때 1.126배 높아졌고 교육수준에서 저학력자보다 고학력자에서 2.480배 높았으며 혈소판이 1Thous/uL 증가할 때 0.991배 낮아졌다. 결론: 나이를 제외한 성별에 따른 초기 및 후기 나이관련 황반변성의 위험요인은 남자에서 초기는 AST와 HDL, 비타민 D였고 Creatinine의 증가는 교차비를 감소시켰고 후기는 B형간염표면항원 양성자에서 교차비 가 높게 나타났다. 여자에서 초기의 위험요인은 B형간염표면항원 양성이었고 후기는 교육수준이었으며 초기 와 후기 모두에서 혈소판 수치가 높아지면 교차비가 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다.

Tin dioxide nanoparticles are prepared using a newly developed synthesis method of plasma-assisted electrolysis. A high voltage is applied to the tin metal plate to apply a high pressure and temperature to the synthesized oxide layer on the metal surface, producing nanoparticles in a low concentration of sulfuric acid. The particle size, morphology, and size distribution is controlled by the concentration of electrolytes and frequency of the power supply. The as-prepared powder of tin dioxide nanoparticles is used to fabricate a gas sensor to investigate the potential application. The particle-based gas sensor exhibits a short response and recovery time. There is sensitivity to the reduction gas for the gas flowing at rates of 50, 250, and 500 ppm of H2S gas.

In recent 10 years, mushroom cultivation area and number of cultivators have decreased, but mushroom production tends to increase. This shows that mushroom cultivation is being transformed from log and bed cultivation to bottle cultivation using automated facilities with high productivity per unit area. The bottle cultivation is possible to mechanized and automated, which can save manpower, less damage to pests, can be cultivated throughout the year, and is uniform in quality and advantageous for mass production. However, the investment in production facilities and farm materials is very large compared to the production of logs and bed cultivars, which can lead to large losses in the case of failure to grow. Therefore, it is necessary for the farmers who want to start the bottle cultivation to make careful management decisions by carefully examining the investment cost, the operating cost, and the expected income that are put into the bottle cultivation system. This study was conducted to analyze the management performance of bottle cultivation in mushroom farm and use it as farming decision making data. As a result of analysis of the management performance through farmers' survey, it was found that such as cost of spawn, substrate materials, other material, employment effort, and fuels & electricity power cost accounted for a large proportion of the cost of bottle cultivation.

A entomopathogenic ascomycetous fungus, Cordyceps militaris is distributed world wide and cultivated as a medicinal mushroom having many valuable biological and pharmaceutical activities. In the breeding of new C. militaris mushroom, single ascospores were isolated and tested their characteristics such as mycelial growth, mycelial density, fruiting body formation ability, the production of perithecia. Also two opposite mating types were assayed using two sets of primers specific for C. militaris, which were amplified a 191-bp fragment for MAT1-1 and 233-bp fragment for MAT1-1. F1 hybrids resulted in well-developed perithecial fruiting bodies and their crossings were confirmed by the PCR assays. New hybrids were produced showing high quality fruiting bodies in artificial media. Mycelial growth of new strain 'Dowonhongcho 2’ was better on SDAY and at 15-25°C when it was compared with that of 'Yedang 3'. The stromata of new strain were club-shaped and bright orange-red color. Its length was 7.1 cm and the cordycepin content was 0.33% on average. In comparison with 'Yedang 3', the new strain had a yield that was 7% higher and it produced fruiting bodies which were firmer. Days of fruiting body were similar with 50 days from inoculation. This cultivar may serve as a valuable one for artificial cultivation and industrial-scale production of C. militaris.

For heaths and vitality Cordyceps sinensis has been widely used as an important medicinal mushroom. C. militaris is popular for its substitute and can be cultivated artificially. Its new strains have been improved by crossing single spore strains. A bipolar heterothallic fungus, C. militaris has two strains of compatible mating types and they can be differentiated by crossing, fruiting body formation ability and the production of perithecia. Each isolate was determined to be monokaryotic or dikaryotic on the basis of perithecial formation by fruiting tests. This process was also carried out by molecular markers for the detection of two opposite mating types or F1 hybrids using two sets of primers specific for C. militaris amplifying a 191-bp fragment for MAT1-2 and 233-bp fragment for MAT1-1. Therefore the crossing of two compatible mating types resulted in well-developed perithecial fruiting bodies and their crossings were confirmed by the PCR assays for the rapid and specific detection of both MAT1-1 and MAT1-2. This results showed that molecular markers provide an efficient alternative for identification of hybridal status or mating types in the breeding program for artificial cultivation and industrial-scale production of C. militaris.

This study was carried out to explore possibilities of cultivating horticultural crops in the air-dome greenhouse in comparison to the common iron-frame greenhouse as the standard. The levels of carbon dioxide and atmospheric pressure measured inside the air-dome greenhouse turned out to be higher than those measured inside the iron-frame greenhouse. Contrastingly, light intensity was relatively weaker inside the air-dome greenhouse due to the air-inflated double layers. Plants of melon and cherry tomato were cultivated from May 2 to August 12, 2016, respectively in the two greenhouses. For melon plants, growth in the air-dome greenhouse effectively increased fruit weight as well as trunk circumference compared to iron-frame greenhouse. Moreover, soluble sugar content of melon fruit was significantly higher when cultivated in the air-dome greenhouse. For cherry tomato plants, fruit yield of cherry tomato was significantly increased inside the air-dome greenhouse. Furthermore, it has been found that the air-dome greenhouse was considerably effective in shortening the growing period of melon and cherry tomato plants in comparison to the iron-frame greenhouse.

Chewing and swallowing disorders such as dysphagia are common in the elderly people whose number is reported to continuously increase throughout the world. With this trend, the aging populations have recently become the global focus of substantial research interest in a variety of industrial fields and the food industry is also no exception. Further studies are also necessary to establish the guidelines or criteria for controlling the food texture for the elderly with different living and cultural backgrounds. An experimental attempt was made to bridge the gap between instrumental and sensory texture in a model solid food system, providing a reference texture range for the elderly diets. For doing so, uniaxial compression was applied to measure the instrumental hardness of corn starch gels that was correlated with their sensory properties perceived by the elderly aged 60 and older. A polynomial trend line was satisfactorily obtained with the formula (y=0.2188x2-5.7917x+38.14) describing the relationship between instrumental hardness and starch concentration. When the instrumental hardness (stress) was correlated with the sensory hardness, a linear correlation was observed with a coefficient of determination (R2=0.879). However, the use of logarithmic transformation exhibited the improved correlation of coefficients. A fairly linear correlation (R2>0.96) was thus observed between the instrumental and sensory hardness by a semi-logarithmic relationship known as Weber-Fechner’s law scale. In principal component analysis, two principal components that accounted for 86.71% of the total variance, separated the gel samples in terms of hardness/springiness and moistness, respectively. The categories of the starch gel samples were subdivided into five groups with different stress ranges. As a result, five categories of food texture could be successfully provided with corresponding stress range and consumer languages that can be used as a reference tool to establish the guideline or criteria for developing the elderly foods.

In order to establish symbiotic host-bacterial relationships, symbionts in insects evolved a mechanism to overcome host immune responses. Here we provide the resistance of symbiotic bacteria on the insect immune system. As a result, through the transposon mutagenesis, we found a salivary gland (SG) susceptible mutant. The disrupted gene was identified as nlpB involved in lipoprotein synthesis. The nlpB, bla double deletion mutant was sensitive to SG like nlpB-Tn5 inserted mutant. This mutant increases outer membrane permeability. It provides an explanation for SG susceptibility, because the antimicrobial peptide in SG would be able to translocate across the outer membrane more easily than in the wild type. These results indicate that nlpB and bla are likely to be important factors in terms of determining resistance against SG of Riptortus that is connected with the successful colonization of the Riptortus midgut.

Vinca alkaloids from plant Vinca minor have been investigated for their effects of tyrosinase inhibition, stimulation of ROS generation and increasement of cell migration activity. The methanolic crude extract and the water-soluble fraction exhibited IC50 value of 3.1 mg/mL and 2.1 mg/mL. Vinca minor extract treatment significantly increased ROS levels in HaCaT cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatments of Vinca minor extract led to increase wound closure when compared with non-treatment. Low dose (0.1% or 0.3%) of extracts have not significantly affected, compared with that in controls. By contrast, 0.5% extract have dramatic effect on wound healing activity of keratinocytes. Effects of Vinca minor extract in a filter-based cell mobility assay appear similar to that of wound closure assay, which suggests that the Vinca minor extract have wound healing effects on skin.