Because freesia is a crop that is typically vegetatively propagated from offsets, a degradation in its genetic character or an onset of after successive culturing over a long period. To produce virus-free freesia corms, apical meristem culture and rapid mass propagation must be established. This study aimed to establish the rapid mass production of in vitro freesia corms using a bioreactor. Shoots (12 – 15 cm in height) obtained from tissue culture were used as the plant material in a balloon-type bubble bioreactor in which medium strength, sucrose concentration, inoculation plant volume, and medium exchange method were determined. Medium strengths tested included full strength (1), 1/2, and 1/4 strength MS medium; sucrose concentration 9% 12%, and 15%, and inoculation plant volumes were tested at 40, 80, 120, and 160 shoots/1L medium. MS medium was supplemented with a 1/2 volume of the initial volume or the medium was completely exchanged with a new medium or not exchanged at all throughout the experiment. Results indicated the best growth of freesia corms at 1/2 strength medium, 9% sucrose, 120 shoots/L medium, with complete medium exchange 4 weeks after initiating the experiment. Under these culturing conditions, corms with 0.5 g fresh weight, 0.15 g d ry w eight, 1 3 mm h eight, a nd 0 .9 mm diaeter were harvested from the bioreactor within only 6 weeks, which were large enough to be planted in field. Thus, our results indicated that the cost and period for the production of freesia corms in vitro can be markedly decreased.

As the ridges become larger and larger, a structural type that enables effective utilization of the long span and space is required. In the construction stage, the steel column supports the installation load. However, in order to secure the stability against the out - of - plane deformation of the steel column due to the lateral pressure when the concrete is laid, a binding frame is installed inside the steel pipe at constant intervals to resist the concrete installation pressure. When the concrete is cured and its performance as a composite section is exerted, a stress is generated which pushes the steel pipe out of the plane by the column compressive force. In this case, since the binding frame controls the deformation, the local buckling is delayed and the constraining effect on the concrete is increased. In order to evaluate the structural performance and behavior of the composite mega column according to the eccentricity effect and the effect of the binding frame, we carried out a structural test by fabricating eight monopole specimens with the binding frame reinforcement, reinforcing gap, reinforced cross section and eccentricity , And the experimental results are compared with the KBC2016 design formula.

The utilization of composite columns is increasing due to the construction of high-rise buildings and large buildings. The commercially available concrete chimney steel column (ACT I) is a stable and economical structure, but there is a limit in the section size to be applied to a composite column subjected to a high load. We have developed a composite mega column with an integral structure by adding a plate to the central part of the ACT I column and installing a binding frame at a certain interval inside the central plate. In this study, to evaluate the compressive performance of the composite mega column, four test specimens were constructed with binding frame reinforcement, reinforcement spacing, and reinforced cross - sectional area. The structural performance of the composite section is compared with that of KBC2016 to evaluate the behavior of the specimen.

Composite columns are increasingly used due to the construction of super-tall buildings and large-scale buildings. Studies on the shapes of and construction technologies for structural members using steel tubes are being conducted actively. Welded built-up CFT columns previously developed and commercialized by the authors of this study (ACT-1 columns) are structurally stable and economically efficient. However, the 1m limit in the width of the columns and their small interior spaces impose a difficulty in installing reinforcing materials and thus deteriorate the ease and efficiency with which they are constructed. This study suggests placing thick plates at the centers of the surfaces of the existing ACT-1 column and installing a binding frame (binding frames) at the central thick plates to enhance the integrity and resist lateral pressure caused by concrete casting. Finite element analysis was conducted with the variables of the number and cross-sectional size of the binding frame and the cross-sectional size of the steel tube to estimate the structural behavior of the steel tubes. Hydraulic tests were conducted to analyze load-displacement relations and identify the influence of the binding frames on the relations. The variables in the tests were the number and cross-sectional size of the binding frame, welding details, column joint and the cross-sectional size of the steel tube

프리지아 구경을 기내에서 급속대량증식시킬 목적으로 액 체진탕배양을 이용한 신초 생육 및 구경 비대에 적합한 몇 가지 조건을 구명하기 위해 실험을 수행하였다. 기내에서 획득 한 프리지아 부정아를 MS 배지 농도와 sucrose 농도를 달리한 액체배지에서 배양했을 때, 1/2 MS배지와 3% sucrose 농도에 서 생체중과 건물중이 가장 높게 나타나는 등 생육이 가장 빠 르고 좋았던 것으로 나타났다. 액체진탕배양에서 프리지아의 구경을 비대시킬 목적으로 배양 온도, sucrose 농도, 광의 유 무가 구경비대에 미치는 영향에 대해 실험을 수행하였다. 구 경의 비대는 1/2 MS 배지에 9% sucrose를 첨가하여 17℃ 암 조건에서 배양했을 때 가장 우수하였다. 이런 조건에서 6주간 배양하였을 때, 구경 생체중과 구고는 각각 2.5g, 23mm로 농 가에 정식 가능한 크기로 생장되었음을 확인하였으며, 이는 대조구(고체배지)에 비해 5배 이상 증가한 크기였다. 광조건 하에서도 구경 비대는 양호하였으나, 구경의 측아로부터 자구 가 발생하는 문제가 확인되었다.

Cap decks used in slim floor system for reducing floor height act as molds for forming floor slabs in structures with a span of up to 6m without temporary supports. When deep decks are employed in a structure with a span of more than 6m, the problem of defection occurs. This study suggests placing tendons at the ends of cap decks in order to create cambers and control defection when preload is applied. Uniformly distributed load was applied by an UTM to the two L/4 points of specimens to observe the deflection of preloaded cap decks. For the test, three 7.5m specimens were fabricated. One of them was a plain cap deck specimen and the others were those with tendons (PC strands or steel bars.

Deep-Deck usually used in long span structure for its larger section properties. but Deep-Deck has difficulties when the span is over 9m because of deflection. Deflection makes workers anxiety and Structural problems. So, Preload is used to the Deep Deck To control the the deflection of the deep deck which has 9m over. In this study, The Preloaded deep deck which has 9m was evaluated by Experments. Result of experiments, preloade and camber have proportional relation

국내 육성 프리지아(Freesia)가 농가에 보급되고 시간이 지나면서 바이러스에 감염되거나 품질이 저하되는 문제가 발생하고 있다. 고품질을 유지하기 위해서는 생장점 배양을 통해 무병종구를 만들고 기내에서 급속 대량증식하여 농가에 보급하는 일이 시급하다. 본 연구에서는국내에서 육성된 프리지아 ‘Shiny Gold’와 ‘Gold Rich’의자구를 이용하여 효과적인 급속 대량증식 기술을 찾고자실험을 수행하였다. 배지는 MS기본배지에 호르몬을 첨가하지 않은 배지와 5.0mg•L−1 NAA+5.0mg•L−1 Kinetin를 넣은 호르몬배지 2종류를 이용하였다. 치상방법은 자구를 횡으로 절단한 절편체를 정상으로 치상(정상치상)한경우와 위아래를 거꾸로 치상(역위치상)하는 2가지 방법을 이용하였다. 치상한 절편체는 23oC의 암배양실에서 5주간 배양한 후, 광도 60µmol•m−2s−1 (16/8, 주/야)의 광환경으로 옮겨 주었다. 치상 10주째에 두 품종 모두 역위치상하였을 때, 정상치상에 비해 부정아 발생이 2~6배 정도 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 호르몬 유무에 상관없이 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 역위치상하고 19주 후 ‘ShinyGold’의 신초수는 기본배지에서 절편체당 42.7개로 정상치상에 비해 약 2.5배 증가되었고, 호르몬 첨가배지에서는 17.7개로 정상치상에 비해 약 7.1배 증가되었다. ‘GoldRich’를 역위치상 하였을 때, 기본배지에서는 신초수가 절편체당 55.4개로 대조구에 비해 약 1.7배 증가되었고, 호르몬 첨가배지에서는 61.0개로 대조구에 비해 약 2.4배증가되었다. 결론적으로 프리지아 자구를 기내에서 급속대량증식 하고자 할 때, 호르몬 유무와 상관없이 자구를횡으로 절단하여 역위치상 하는 방법이 효율적이라는 것을 알 수 있었다.

프로폴리스는 기원전 300년부터 약용목적으로 활용되어 온 물질이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 국내외에서 프로폴리스 연구개발 전반에 대한 체계적인 분 석이 이루어지지 않고 있다. NCBI를 활용하여 2008년부터 2010년 사이 해외에서 양봉과 관련하여 발표된 논문은 총 1,282건으로 이중 프로폴리스 관련 논문은 20.9%인 268건이었다. 이중 대부분인 240건이 효능과 관련한 것이며 효능 중에는 항암과 관련한 내용이 가장 많은 41건이었다. 특허는1991년부터 2010년 사이에 750여건이 출원되었으며 중국이 384건으로 특허 출원이 가장 활발하였으며 한국, 미국, 일본, 유럽 등의 순으로 출원되었다. 특 히, 중국은 2000년대 이후부터 특허 출원이 집중적으로 이루어져 최근까지도 이어 지고 있다. 기술 생명주기(life cycle)는 일본의 경우 성숙기로 접어든 것으로 나타났으며 현 재 가장 큰 시장을 형성하고 있는 중국은 발전기에 접어들었고 미국은 발전기 초기, 한국은 발전기 후기에 근접해있다고 분석된다. 사업매력도 평가(BMO)에서 식품분야에선 차와 음료 그리고 건강기능식품이 화장품분야에선 피부노화억제와 여드름, 아토피 억제제가 의약품분야에서는 동 맥경화용제 등 5개 분야가 가장 매력도가 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 프로폴리스는각 기후대별로, 국가별로 산재해 있는 식물 특히, 수종에 크게 영 향을 받으므로 원료에 대한 국제적 표준화가 매우 어렵다. 따라서 누군가 국제적인 표준화방안을 찾아내고 기술적으로 선점 할 수 있다면 산업을 크게 일으키면서 앞 서 나갈 수 있게 될 것이다.

As indoor air cleaners have large sizes and high air flow rates, the test methods for particle cleaning capacity need to be reconsidered because the prescribed test chamber size becomes relatively smaller. In this study, air flow rate of air cleaners compared to test chamber size (Q/V) has been investigated by comparing the short-circuit factor which indicates the air mixed condition in the test chamber. The test method of Korea Air Cleaning Association (KACA) has been analysed and compared to that of Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM) for clean air delivery rate (CADR) of two household air conditioners equipped with air cleaners having a maximum air flow rate of 15 m³/min in terms of initial particle concentrations, neutralized/non-charged particles, delay time before acquiring initial particle concentration, sampling positions. Constant short-circuit factor of about 0.9 was obtained in the range of Q/V less than 0.73 min^-1. CADR based on KACA test method was somewhat dependent on initial particle concentrations, delay time before acquiring initial concentration, sampling positions. However, CADR based on AHAM test method was less dependent. Two or three minutes of delay time before acquiring initial concentration was necessary to reduce the variation of CADR according to initial particle concentration and sampling position.