This study aimed to investigate the changes in nutritional components of six domestically bred soybean cultivars before and after fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus. Analysis of five vitamins and minerals showed that levels of vitamin B2, vitamin B3, phosphorus, and calcium increased in all cultivars following fermentation, with notable variations among the cultivars. Specifically, the vitamin B2 content in Daepung and Daewonkong increase significantly, by 6.8-fold and 6.7-fold, respectively, compared to pre-fermentation levels. Additionally, Danbaekkong exhibited the highest calcium content after fermentation, at 3.90 mg/g. Before fermentation, soybean oligosaccharides contained 3.4 to 9.0 times more stachyose than raffinose; however, these levels decreased by over 80% across all cultivars after fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus. The total dietary fiber content rose from 9.28%~11.32% before fermentation to 12.57%~14.86% afterward, though no significant differences were observed among the cultivars. This study confirms that fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus enhances the nutritional value of domestically bred soybeans, particularly regarding vitamin B2, vitamin B3, calcium, phosphorus, oligosaccharides, and total dietary fiber.

Component-specific information is crucial for identifying sources of PM2.5 in indoor environments. However, profiles of PM2.5 at various locations, including subway tunnels are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between PM2.5 and its component across tunnels, platforms, and outdoor environments at underground subway stations in Incheon. The study was conducted at six underground subway stations in Incheon. PM2.5 concentrations were measured twice at each station, simultaneously covering the tunnel, platform, and outdoor areas. Carbon (two types), ion (eight types), and metal components (20 types) were analyzed using each analytical instruments. The mean PM2.5 concentration in the tunnel was 33.0±15.7 μg/ m3, significantly higher than the concentrations observed on the platform (12.9±4.6 μg/m3) and outdoors (13.1±7.6 μg/m3). The proportion of total metal concentrations in PM2.5 was highest in the tunnel (57.8%), followed by the platform (22.2%) and outdoor areas (11.3%). Significant correlations between the platform and tunnel were observed for organic carbon, SO4 2–, NO3 –, NH4 +, Ba, Mn, Fe, and Se. Significant correlations between the platform and outdoor were observed for SO4 2–, NO3 –, NH4 +, and Ti, while the tunnel and outdoor showed correlations for SO4 2– and NH4 +. PM2.5 concentrations and total metal concentrations were highest in the tunnel. While PM2.5 concentrations on the platform and outdoors were similar, total metal concentrations were higher on the platform than outdoors. From the platform’s perspective, the concentrations of Ba, Mn, Fe, and Se were only associated with the tunnel, while SO4 2–, NO3 –, and NH4 + had tendency of correlations between both the tunnel and outdoors. The findings suggest that for platform PM2.5 concentrations, Ba, Mn, Fe, and Se may serve as indicators of tunnel-originating PM2.5, while SO4 2–, NO3 –, and NH4 + may serve as indicators for outdoor sources.

본 연구는 국내 육성 품종 ‘선플’과 ‘감황’ 과실 생산에 적합 한 수분수를 선발하기 위해 ‘SKK2’, ‘델리웅’, ‘보화’, ‘Chieftain’ 각각의 꽃가루로 인공수분하여 과실 품질과 종자의 발육을 조 사하였다. 착과율은 두 품종이 모든 처리구에서 96% 이상이 었다. ‘선플’은 ‘델리웅’ 처리에서 과중이 가장 높았고 2021년 은 ‘보화’ 처리에서 2022년은 ‘Chieftain’ 처리에서 가장 낮았 다. ‘감황’은 2021년에 ‘델리웅’ 처리에서 2022년은 ‘Chieftain’ 처리에서 과중이 가장 높아 연차 간 차이를 보였다. ‘선플’의 과실 품질 조사 결과, 2022년에 건물률은 ‘SKK2’처리에서 가장 높고 가용성 고형물 함량은 ‘Chieftain’에서 가장 높았으 며 2021년에는 처리 간 유의차가 없었다. ‘선플’의 총 종자 수 와 미숙 종자 수는 6배체 수분수 처리구에서 가장 많았고 천립 중은 4배체 수분수 처리구에서 무거웠다. ‘감황’의 과실 품질 조사 결과, 건물률과 산 함량은 2년 모두 ‘SKK2’ 처리에서 가 장 높았고 가용성 고형물 함량은 연차 간 차이를 나타냈다. ‘감 황’의 총 종자 수와 성숙 종자 수는 ‘델리웅’과 ‘Chieftain’ 처 리에서 가장 많았고 미숙 종자 수는 ‘SKK2’ 처리에서 가장 적 었다.

A provision crane is installed on the stern deck of the ship to load or unload ship supplies. In this study, a ventilation hole capable of circulating internal flow was installed to reduce dew condensation by reducing the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the cylindrical column supporting the provision crane installed at the stern of the training ship. In order to reduce the temperature difference between the inside and the outside, an anti-sweat covering work was carried out by adding insulation material. By reducing dew condensation, we aim to improve the insulation of the electric motor installed inside the cylindrical column and improve the usability of the provision crane

With changing dietary trends, active research is underway to substitute rice flour for wheat flour, commonly added to various processed foods. This study aimed to explore whether Baromi2, a floury rice incorporated in the production of Sujebi, can effectively replace wheat flour at appropriate levels based on its physicochemical and cooking characteristics. Baromi2 was categorized based on particle size (100, 140, and 200 mesh) and added in proportions of 10% and 20% relative to the weight of wheat flour. As the amount of Baromi2 increased, the protein and lipid content of the mixed flour also increased. Simultaneously, the dough strength decreased as the noodles became thinner, reducing hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. Additionally, a decrease in particle size increased peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity, whereas setback viscosity decreased. When Baromi2 was added at a 10% ratio, it displayed a low cooking loss, demonstrating desirable characteristics for Sujebi and was considered the most suitable proportion for production. These results provide foundational data for developing various rice-processed products using Baromi2, contributing to expanding consumption and enhancing utility.

This study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics of wheat-flour mixed powders and cooking properties of Sujebi based on the addition of ‘Baromi2’ rice flours for increased expansion of rice consumption. The addition rates at which a roll surface sheet was formed were selected as 0, 10, 20, 30, and 50% based on preliminary experiments with 0-90% addition rates of ‘Baromi2’. Results of physicochemical characterization showed that increasing the addition ratio of ‘Baromi2’ rice flour resulted in increased crude ash and crude fat levels, however crude protein and total starch decreased. The L*-value (lightness) increased with increasing addition ratio of ‘Baromi2’ rice flour; in contrast, a*-value (redness), b*-value (yellowness), and particle size decreased. Results of RVA showed that increasing the addition ratio of ‘Baromi2’ rice flour increased the peak, breakdown, and setback. Regarding textural properties, hardness and chewiness values were significantly reduced with increasing addition ratios of ‘Baromi2’ rice flour. Based on these results, a blending ratio of 20% or less of ‘Baromi2’ is considered suitable for producing Sujebi, and this result serves as basic data for the development of processed rice flour products using ‘Baromi2’.

In this study, a condensate drain valve was newly installed in the steam inlet pipe line of the soot blower to reduce the amount of condensate contained in the steam for the soot blower. When the economizer is inactive, the condensate drain valve on the soot blower steam inlet pipe line is always opened to drain the condensate. It is intended to reduce environmental pollution and improve economizer performance by reducing the water hammer that inevitably occurs in facilities using steam, and reducing the amount of condensate water generated during the shutdown of the soot blower and the release of soot containing condensate water into the atmosphere when removing soot.

본 연구는 추가적인 장비 없이 UAV만을 사용한 균열폭 측정 및 균열의 3차원 재구성 방법을 제안한다. UAV 사진측량법 및 CNN을이용한 균열의 3차원 재구성 및 균열폭 측정 검증을 위해 5곳의 균열이 존재하는 벽면을 대상으로 균열의 3차원 재구성을 하였 으며 UAV와 균열 사이의 거리 4가지에 대해 균열폭을 측정하고 균열 현미경 측정값과 비교하여 정확성을 검증하였다. 대부분의 균열 에서 균열폭을 정확히 측정하였으나 균열폭이 0.5mm보다 작은 경우와 벽면이 심하게 그늘져 어두운 곳에서는 측정 유효성이 떨어지 는 결과를 보였다.

This study attempted to provide implications by analyzing the impact of business Owner’s safety commitment on industrial accidents and examining the mediating role of management supervisors’ safety leadership and worker participation. Analysis was conducted on 2,067 manufacturing sites with 20 to 50 employees in the 10th Occupational Safety and Health Survey data. SPSS waw used to secure the reliability of the measurement variable. Hypothesis vertification was carried out after securing the suitability and validity of the structural model using AMOS. The direct impact of three latent variables on industrial accidents was confirmed: the business owner’s safety commitment, the management supervisor’s safety leadership, and the worker participation. The employer’s safety will and the management supervisor’s safety leadership do not directly affect industial accidents, but it has been verified that worker participation has a diret impact on industrial accident reduction. In addition, it has been confirmed that the safety leadership and worker participation of the management. Supervior have a complete mediating effect on the reduction of industrial accidents by mediating with the safety leadership of the management supervior and the participation of the workers. This study analyzed the impact on industrial accidents by dividing the stakeholders constituting the workplace into three classes: business owners, superviors, and workers, but the results suggest that employers and all workers inside the workplace may be organically linked to achieving the goal of reducing industrial accidents. Therefore, in order to establish an autonomous safety management system for safety and health at workerplaces, efforts are needed to reduce industrial accidents in their respective location by forming an organic community among internal stakeholders.

본 연구는 특화된 문화관광지이자 주제관광의 대상이기도 한 한방식물원 탐방객의 인식 분석을 통해 한방식물원의 설계와 관리 방향을 제시하고자 한 것이다. 중국 하북성 안국시의 약박원(藥博園)을 사 례로 지각된 가치가 탐방객의 정서 및 편익에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 AHP-엔트로피 가중치를 통해 한방식물원 탐방객의 지각된 가치 지표의 가중치를 계산하는 한편 요인분석을 통해 요인과 지표의 관 계를 탐색하였다. 본 연구에서는 경관평가 연구에서 일반적으로 적용하는 지표 가중치 분석방법을 탐 방객의 지각된 가치 척도 도구로 활용하였다. 그 결과, 자극 내부요인반응(S-O-R)이론의 관계를 바탕으 로 ‘탐방객의 지각된 가치’, ‘정서’, ‘지각된 편익’ 간의 관계를 설명하는 구조 방정식 모델에서는 다른 요인과는 달리 ‘관리 서비스 지각가치’는 탐방객의 지각된 편익에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 AHP 계층분석법 및 엔트로피(Entropy) 가중치법을 통해 탐방객의 지각된 가치 지표에 관한 주·객관적 복합 가중치를 계산한 결과, ‘환경 지각 가치’의 가중치가 가장 높은데 반해 ‘관 리서비스 지각 가치’의 가중치는 가장 낮은 것으로 밝혀졌는데 이는 구조방정식의 상관관계 검정 결과 와 일치하는 것이다. 궁극적으로 한방식물원의 주변의 ‘환경’은 탐방객의 체험 향상에 가장 중요한 가 치임이 확인되었다.

This study investigated the nutritional characteristics of before and after fermentation of domestic soybean (Glycine max L.) by Rhizopus oligosporus. The soybean storage proteins, β-conglycinin (11S globulin) and glycinin (7S globulin), were the most abundant in Seonyu (SY) and Danbaegkong (DBK), with concentrations of 253.4 mg/g and 193.0 mg/g, respectively. For 11S/7S related to sulfur-containing amino acid, DBK had a value of 0.95, making it the most excellent nutritionally among all the cultivars. The free amino acid content significantly increased from 0.04~10.45 mg/g before fermentation to 1.37~16.95 mg/g after fermentation, and the essential amino acid composition increased, confirming an improvement in protein quality after fermentation. Phytic acid, known as a nutritional inhibitor of soybeans, decreased from 1.66~2.13 g/100 g before fermentation to 0.90~1.58 g/100 g after fermentation, suggesting that mineral absorption inhibition was alleviated. In addition, the trypsin inhibitor content is suppressed by 76.20% to 81.25% after fermentation, which is expected to improve protein utilization in the body. This study confirmed some properties of fermented products by Rhizopus oligosporus using domestic soybeans, and these results are presented to serve as the basic data for establishing new uses of Korean soybean cultivars.