This study was conducted to help manage total floating bacteria and fungi in the indoor air by studying the characteristics of total floating bacteria and fungi according to the indoor CO2 concentration of daycare centers. The sampling and analysis of samples was based on the indoor air quality process test method, and the result analysis was conducted using the SPSS statistical program to perform correlation and regression analysis. Correlation and regression results show that CO2 and total airborne bacteria showed positive relationships, but airborne mold did not show relevance. In addition, in order to identify factors affecting airborne mold, correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed regarding total airborne bacteria, PM10, PM2.5, HCHO, outdoor mold, I/O ratio, indoor temperature/ humidity, area per classroom and volume. The results showed that the factors affecting airborne mold were I/O ratio, outdoor airborne mold, and total airborne bacteria. Research results show that CO2 and total airborne bacteria can be reduced and controlled by natural ventilation, and in the case of airborne mold, mechanical forced ventilation such as hoods will be necessary due to the introduction of outdoor airborne mold. In addition, it is necessary to consider I/O ratio criteria in order to confirm effective indoor mold contamination, taking into account the effect of outdoor mold inflow.

이 글의 목적은 기존에 『물의 아이들』이 종교와 과학을 통합하였다는 평가를 넘어 『물의 아이들』이 실제로는 당대 성직자, 개혁가, 지식인이었던 킹즐리의 종교와 과학 사이에서의 무의식적인 갈등을 담고 있다는 데에 있다. 『물의 아이들』에는 신화적인 내러티브와 과학적인 내러티브가 동시에 나타나는데 이를 초기 판타지 내러티브의 독특한 특색으로 보고 분석하였다. 먼저 판타지 내러티브의 역사를 간단하게 살펴본 후, 『물의 아이들』에 나타난 신화적인 측면을 물, 어머니, 대극의 원형으로 분석하며 주인공 톰이 물 속 여행을 하며 개성 화를 통한 자기에 도달하는 여정을 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 그 중간에 과학적인 요소들이 접목되어 판타지 내러티브의 몰입을 방해하고 킹즐리의 강박이 드러나는 양상 또한 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 당대의 시대상을 더 깊이 이해하고, 초기 판타지 내러티브의 특징을 자세히 살펴볼 수 있었으며, 이후 판타지 내러티브의 발전 가능성 또한 엿볼 수 있었다.

Most of existing buried pipes are composed of reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete pipes have many problems such as aging, corrosion, leaking, etc. The polyethylene (PE) pipes have advantages to solve these problems. The plastic pipes buried underground are classified into a flexible pipe. National standard that has limited the long-term vertical deformation of the pipe to 5% for flexible pipes including PE pipe. This study presents a prediction for the long-term behavior of the polyethylene pipe based on ASTM D 5365. This prediction method is presented to estimate by using the statistical method from the initial deflection measurement data. We predict the behavior of long-term performance on the double-wall pipe and multi-wall pipe. As a result, it was found that the PE pipe will be sound enough more than 50 years if the compaction of soil around the pipe is more than 95% of the standard soil compaction density.

이 글의 목적은 융의 관점을 통해서 샬롯 브론테의 소설 빌레트 안에 등장 하는 주인공 루시 스노우의 심정의 변화를 따라가면서 루시가 어떻게 신의 대 극성을 이해하고, 어떻게 개성화 과정을 겪게 되는지를 보여주기 위한 것이다. 처음에 루시는 당대 청교도의 교리하에서 가부장적인 신의 모습과 절대선으로 서의 신의 모습에 답답함을 느끼지만 이에 적극적으로 저항하지 않는다. 그러나 루시의 무의식에서는 끊임없이 이에 대한 불만이 일어나는데 루시는 빌레트로 향하면서 이를 적극 받아들이려고 한다. 빌레트에서 다양한 경험을 쌓으면서 루 시는 내면의 아니무스를 만나 이를 의식화하기도 하고, 연금술적인 환상을 통해 서 신의 대극을 마주하기도 한다. 이러한 과정을 통해서 루시는 신의 다양한 얼 굴을 발견하면서 진정한 자기를 이해하는데 한 걸음 더 다가섰다.

Acrylamide in various food samples in Korea were monitored during the period beginning August 2006 through May 2007. A total of 471 food products that were purchased at local markets were categorized into 17 groups and analyzed for the acrylamide content by using an LC-MS/MS method. Food samples that were selected based on special consideration such as expert consultation, Korean food consumption data and food market shares were considered to be representative. There are very large variations in acrylamide levels within tested foods. Acrylamide content ranged from ND(not detected) to 4,002 μg/kg with all tested samples. Acrylamide levels are relatively high in ‘cereal’, ‘coffee’, ‘potato snacks’, ‘biscuit’, ‘chocolate’, and ‘prune juice’. Acrylamide was also detected in fruits, vegetables, Korean traditional cookies which are considered as safe for acrylamide.

A new mandarin hybrid cultivar ‘Shinyegam’ was developed from a cross between ‘Kiyomi’ (Citrus unshiu × C. sinensis) and ‘Wilking’ (Citrus reticulata) at the Citrus Research Institute of the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science in 2012. The ‘Jegam na No. 33’, a first selection seedling from the fruits obtained in 2008 was finally named ‘Shinyegam’ after field evaluation trials at five locations in Jeju island, Korea from 2010 to 2012. The tree vigor was intermediate and the tree was spreading in nature, similar to that of the ‘Kiyomi’ cultivar. The fruits produced were compressed to oblate and globose in shape, were a deep orange in color, and moderately weighed at 130 g. ‘Shinyegam’ produces fruit that mature in late December, and has few seeds, which are mono-embryonic. The average seed number of a fruit varied depending on the pollinator citrus tree. Cultivation of ‘Shinyegam’ along with the other cultivars possessing high pollen fertility resulted in seed numbers that was more than 20, while in the absence of a pollinator species the seed number was around 5. The fruit contained soluble solids at 11 to 12 ° Bx and the acidity was approximately 1% at maturity. The rind thickness of approximately 2.5 mm ensures easy peeling. The flesh is very tender and juicy, with a pleasant, aromatic flavor similar to that of ‘Wilking’ but is comparatively weak. ‘Shinyegam’ is moderately resistant to the citrus scab disease and melanose, but susceptible to citrus canker. Owing to the high quality of fruit, good aroma, and cold hardness characteristics, this cultivar is expected to satisfy consumer acceptability in terms of the diversity of the cultivar in open-field cultivation.

The 12 cultivars of the Jeju native Citrus are considered to have originated from China. However, the origin of the cultivar ‘Byungkyool’ (Citrus platymamma Hort. ex Tanaka) is not clearly known. We performed PCR analysis by using three primer sets designed from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) to analyze the phylogenetic relationship between the traditional citrus cultivars and the Byungkyool cultivar. Sequence length of the nrDNA ITS1 region of JNCPCRI (Jeju Native Citrus platymamma Citrus Research Institute) cultivar was 247 bp, 8the ITS2 region was 228 bp and the total ITS region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) was 638 bp. Analysis of the genetic relationship based on the sequence analysis at the ITS region of the JNCPCRI cultivar revealed that the ITS1 region of the cultivar was genetically the same as that of the Byungkyool (JQ990189) cultivar, and the ITS2 region was genetically similar to the Binkyool (JQ990180), Hongkyool (JQ990178), Dangyooja (JQ990179), and Pyunkyool (JQ990181) cultivars. Moreover, the total ITS region in the 5.8S rDNA region was genetically similar to the Hongkyool (JQ990178) cultivar. In addition, the total ITS region of the JNCPCRI cultivar was the most closely related to the Cheongkyool (JQ990183) cultivar and has been reported to originate from the Binkyool (JQ990180) and Pyunkyool (JQ990181) cultivars. Although the JNCPCRI cultivar was morphologically the same as the Byungkyool (JQ990189) cultivar, the ITS region showed genetic heterogeneity. Taken together, we conclude that the genetic variation in the ITS region of JNCPCRI cultivar suggests that it was propagated through fertilization with the surrounding citrus cultivars.

Prognosis of the patients with lung cancer with lung-to-lung metastasis are known to be poor and frequently old aged persons with multiple nodules on imaging study abandon more invasive procedure including bronchoscopy and VATS (Videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery) to get tissue confirmation. Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) associated lung lesion mimicking lung cancer has a chance to have more favorable diseases including lymphoma. A 78-year-old woman with SS was admitted due to slowly progressive exertional dyspnea and multiple nodules on imaging study. She and her family gave up invasive diagnostic procedures at first due to old age but short term rapid change of dyspnea and nodules on chest CT brought out invasive procedures and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was diagnosed. Dyspnea and nodules on imaging were improved after R-CHOP chemotherapy.

Toxocariasis is an illness of humans caused by roundworm. Toxocara species are commonly found in dogs and cats. Humans are accidental hosts. There are two routes of infection. One route is the ingestion of infected eggs, and the other route is the ingestion of an infected paratenic host. Clinical manifestations vary from asymptomatic infection to severe organ failure. In most cases, the patients are asymptomatic and the disease is self-limited. Thus, patients with mild symptoms do not require treatment. However we report on cases of patients with asymptomatic hepatic nodules who were treated to exclude malig-nant disease.

The major objective of this study was to investigate the usability as cultivar for processing of new Citrus hybrid 'Hamilgam'. We investigated various antioxidant activities, such as DPPH radical, ABTS radical, Hydroxyl radical and Superoxide anion radical effect, along with total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content of Citrus hybrid 'Hamilgam', C. unshiu, C. natsudaidai. The total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content were the highest in the Hamilgam. The major flavonoids of Hamilgam and Natsudaidai were naringin and neohesperidin, and those of Unshu were narirutin and hesperidin, as determined by HPLC. Especially, the neohesperidin content of Hamilgam showed much higher (100 times over) than that of Unshu. However, the aglycone form was not found. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were the highest in Hamilgam peels. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was high in the order of Unshu, Hamilgam and Natsudaidai. Superoxide anion radical scavenging of 3 cultivars peels displayed low activities compared to DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging. Based on these results, Hamilgam peel extracts possess antioxidant activities and may thus serve as potential sources of functional food, cosmetic products, etc.

A new early maturing satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) ‘'Haryejosaeng’' was developed as a nucellar seedling selection of ‘'Tachima Wase’' (C. unshiu Marc.) that was crossed with C. natsudaidai Hayata at the National Institute of Subtropical Agriculture in Jeju island in 1992. The ‘'Jegam ga No. 2’', a first selection from the seedlings fruited in 2001 was finally named “"Haryejosaeng”" through field evaluation trials at three locations in Jeju island from 2003 to 2004. ‘'Haryejosaeng’' produces seedless fruit maturing in early November, and has higher soluble solids and lower acidity than ‘'Miyagawa Wase’', the leading early-maturing satsuma mandarin cultivar in Jeju island. Fruit weight is moderate at about 80～90 g and its shape is compressed-oblate globose with a light orange color. The rind thickness of about 2 mm provides easy peeling. The flesh shows light orange colored and contains 10 to 11 Brix and 1 to 1.1% acidity when mature. Tree shows vigorous growth and spreading thornless twigs. Alternate bearing is similar to ‘iyagawa Wase’ ‘aryejosaeng’is susceptible to citrus scab disease and melanose, but resistant to citrus canker.