Purpose: This study aimed to explore university students’ experiences of participating in online classes during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: A survey was conducted with 169 third- and fourth-year students at five universities in W City from May 5 to 22, 2021 through an online survey platform. Qualitative data were collected from 13 third- and fourth-year students at five universities in the same area through three focus group interviews between May 22 and 25 and analyzed through qualitative content analysis. Results: The experience of online classes was rated in the following order: live lectures (92.9%) and recorded lectures (73.4%). Satisfaction with online classes was rated for recorded lectures, which were scored 3.54±1.05 (out of five), and live lectures, which were scored 3.32±1.02. Lack of interaction with faculty (37.9%) and lack of participating practicum (30.8%) were cited as dissatisfaction factors in online classes. From the qualitative data, five sub-themes were identified: “not being respected in one’s learning”, “increased burden of learning in a situation of poor communication,” “it's not that I hate online classes”, “efforts to improve the loose will and attitude toward classes”, “reduced quality of experience and uncertain future”. These sub-themes were abstracted under the theme of “everyday life of learning alone toward an uncertain future”. Conclusion: To ensure more effective online learning, it is necessary to strengthen the interaction between faculty and students, apply online teaching strategies suitable for class objectives, and support various programs to motivate students for self-directed learning.

육종은 중간엽세포에서 기원하는 드문 악성 종양이다. 중 간엽 세포는 연조직과 뼈로 분화가 가능하므로 육종은 신체 어느 부분에서든지 발생할 수 있다. 하지만 담관 육종은 성 인에서 발생률이 극히 낮다. 폐쇄성 황달이 가장 흔한 증상 이지만 특징적인 증상이나 징후는 없다. 또한 영상학적 검사를 하여도 총담관낭이나 간농양 등으로 오인하는 경우가 많다. 따라서 진단과 치료가 매우 어렵다. 우리는 70세 여자 환자에서 간내 담석에 동반된 간농양으로 오인하였으나 성장률이 매우 빠른 간내담관 육종으로 진단된 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고한다.

췌아세포종은 주로 유년기에 발생하지만, 성인에서도 발생하는 아주 드문 췌장의 종양이다. 성인에서 발생하는 경우예후가 나쁘지만, 조기 진단 및 수술적 절제가 장기 생존율을 향상시킬 수 있다. 영상학적 검사에서는 고형 유두상 상피성 종양, 관샘암종, 세엽세포암 등을 감별진단에 포함시켜 야 한다. 수술적 완전 절제가 원칙이며, 수술후 보조 항암치료 및 항암방사선치료의 경우 아직 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 저자들은 소화불량으로 내원하여 영상학적 검사에서 우연히 발견된 췌장 종괴로 고형 유두상 상피성 종양을 의심 하에 수술을 계획하였고, 수술후 조직학적으로 췌아세포종을 진단하여 보고하고자 한다.

Nickel oxide was doped with a wide range of concentrations (mol%) of Aluminum (Al) by solvothermal synthesis;single-phased nano powder of nickel oxide was generated after calcination at 900oC. When the concentration of Al dopant wasincreased, the reduced intensity was confirmed through XRD analysis. Lattice parameters of the synthesized NiO powder weredecreased after treatment of the dopant; parameters were increased when the concentration of Al was over the doping limit(5mol% Al). The binding energy of Ni2+ was chemically shifted to Ni3+ by doping Al3+ ion, as confirmed by the XPS analysis.The tilted structure of the synthesized NiO with 5mol% Al dopant and the polycrystalline structure of the Ni0.75Al0.25O wereobserved by HR-TEM analysis. The electrical conductivity of the newly synthesized NiO was highly improved by Al dopingin the conductivity test. The electrical conductivity values of the commercial NiO and the synthesized NiO with 5mol% Aldopant (Ni0.95Al0.05O) were 1,400s/cm and 2,230s/cm at 750oC, respectively. However, the electrical conductivity of thesynthesized NiO with 10mol% Al dopant (Ni0.9Al0.1O) decreased due to the scattering of free-electrons caused by the largenumber of impurity atoms; the electrical conductivity of Ni0.9Al0.1O was 545s/cm at 750oC.

First introduced in 1962, LED(light-emitting diodes) emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are now available across the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectrum, many with very high luminance or brightness. As a result, growing importance of potential safety harzards for human. Now when certificated of CE provide that testing through IEC/EN 62471 for any lamp. Korea standard adopted as it IEC 62471:2006, Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems without change, but effectiveness is incomplete. In this paper, we introduce analysis and direction that urgently come into effectiveness of KS C IEC 62471 as a national standard specifications.

오늘날 도시의 야경에 대한 관심이 크게 늘면서, 건물경관조명의 중요성이 날로 증가되고 있는 추세이다. 특히 경관조명과 미디어 요소가 결협된 미디어파사드가 국내에서도 확대되고 있으며 이러한 스크린의 구현을 위해 건물의 외관에 LED를 설치하거나 프로젝터를 통해 영상을 투사하고 있다. 본 연구는 기존 미디어파사드에 현 패러다임의 변화에 따라 인터랙티브와 작품의 예술성 항목을 결합하여 형태, 예술, 색채, 패턴, 인터랙션 5가지로 주요 항목을 도출하였고, 이 항목에 따라 83가지의 국내 외 미디어파사드 샘플을 분류하였다. 분류된 5가지 유형별로 조명기법, 조명방식, 표현방식, 변화방식을 기준으로 도시 공간속의 건축구조물과 조명이 어우러진 디자인 요소, 상호 소통을 위한 유희적 공간 등 관점으로 현재 미디어파사드의 조명디자인에 적용된 기법과 방식을 분석하였다. 본 연구결과 아직까지 컬러와 현란한 변화방식 등 한정적인 디자인이 대다수를 차지하고 있다. 이와 같이 현재 트랜에 따라 변화된 기술적 가치와 예술적 가치가 적용된 미디어파사드의 조명디자인 요소를 파악하여 적용해야 하며, 미디어파사드와 IT기술의 결합으로 단순히 프로그래밍된 연출을 넘어 쌍방향으로 다양하게 소통할 수 있는 디자인을 지향해야 한다.

Purpose: this study was to gain a full understanding of the experiences of sports counselor trainees during counseling training. For this purpose, this study explored the experiences and the meaning of counselors’ development. Methods: A phenomenological study was utilized and 6 participants who had several experiences of sports counseling were selected for the study. 3 categories, 8 subcategories, and 24 subjects were derived from in depth interviews and focus group interview. Data were analyzed based on the open coding, axial coding, and selective coding procedure of phenomenological theory. Results: First, trainees were motivated to introduce psychological skills to athletes, at the same time they were worried about immaturity of themselves as counselors. Second, trainees faced the difficulties of reality such as doubts about the effectiveness of counseling, differences between on-site and lectures. Also, trainees should apply different counseling techniques depending on the speciality of sport. Third, trainees grew through a variety of experiences as sport counselors. They preached the importance of sport counseling to the organizations such as professional teams and schools. Conclusion: Trainees developed their skills and professional counseling abilities through their training. This research may be used as basic data for counselors to adapt to sports setting, and to achieve better and professional counseling.