PURPOSES : The objectives of this study are to evaluate the condition of concrete bridge decks using the multi-channel ground penetrating radar (GPR) testing and compare the value of its dielectric constant value with actual concrete condition. METHODS : The reflection coefficient method was used to measure the dielectric properties of concrete bridge decks. Air-coupled step-frequency GPR testing was used to measure the time taken for reflection from the interfaces between the layers. Specimens of the asphalt mixture and concrete bridge-deck were collected by field coring. GPR testing was conducted on two bridges with different concrete bridge deck conditions on national highways. After the GPR tests, the actual conditions of the concrete bridge deck were investigated using specimen coring. RESULTS : GPR testing indicated that the dielectric constants of concrete bridge decks in good condition ranged from 8 to 10, whereas those corresponding to poor condition ranged from 4 to 6. The results of GPR testing can determine the actual condition and degree of distress of concrete bridge decks determined from the specimen coring data. Therefore, GPR testing is appropriate for nondestructively evaluating the condition of a concrete bridge deck. CONCLUSIONS : The analysis results of the dielectric constants of the concrete bridge deck obtained from multichannel GPR testing were consistent with the actual bridge deck conditions. In the near future, an additional verification process for this approach under different bridge conditions will be required to improve its precision and ensure reliability.

긴급하거나 광역으로 발생한 해상유류오염사고에는 방제정만으로 대응하기에는 한계가 있어서, 해양경찰청 경비함정도 방제 작업에 동원된다. 본 연구에서는 소형 경비함정에 적합한 유흡착장비를 개발하였다. 장비는 고정지지대, 폴대, 슬라이드고정부 3개 부속품으로 구성되어 용접 또는 추가 구조물 설치 없이 소형 경비함정 현측 추락방지봉에 간단하게 토글핀으로 결속하는 방식으로 장착 및 분리가 가능하다. 각 부속품의 무게는 고정지지대 약 9.2 kg, 폴대(2개) 약 6.5 kg, 슬라이드 고정부(4개) 약 3.5 kg이며, 좌·우 180°로 원활하게 움직이는 길이 3 m의 폴대는 갑판 방향으로 접어서 유흡착재 교체작업을 할 수 있다. 본 장비의 개발로 소형 경비함정에서 유흡착재의 투입 및 수거가 용이한 방법으로 개선되어 보다 효율적인 방제작업이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

십이지장 벽내혈종은 70-75%는 복부 둔상에 의해 발생하며 그 외 항응고제 사용이나 혈액응고장애에 의한 자발적 출혈, 치료적 내시경 시술 후 합병증의 증례가 보고되었으나 췌장염에 의한 증례는 드물다. 75세 남자가 전복부통증, 오심, 구토로 내원하여 시행한 전산화 단층촬영과 상부 위장관 내시경에서 급성 알코올성 췌장염으로 인해 발생한 십이지장 벽내혈종이 관찰되었으며 내과적 보존 치료로 급성 췌장 염을 치료하여 벽내혈종까지 흡수되었다. 이는 급성 알코올 성 췌장염에서 십이지장 벽내혈종이 발생할 수 있으며 수술 적 치료를 시행하지 않고 내과적 보존적 치료를 초 치료로 시행해 볼 수 있는 임상경과를 보여주기에 저자들은 이를 보고한다.

PURPOSES: The new methodology is proposed for estimation of long-term performance and pavement life based on the national highway database in Daejeon area. Furthermore, this study tried to verify the applicability of performance estimation using NHPCI (National Highway Pavement Condition Index) on tendency of pavement deterioration as time goes by under Korean road environments. METHODS: Reliability theories are applied to estimate the mean life and to determine the appropriate distribution using 3 levels of traffic loads (high, medium, low) based on maintenance and rehabilitation history data for 15 years. RESULTS: As a result, Lognormal distribution is suitable for explanation of pavement lifetime in Daejeon area regardless of traffic loads. In addition, we found that the results of mean life and maintenance timing based on NHPCI for the pavement sections of 3 levels of traffic loads are available. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this study, it was found that mean life of high, medium and low levels of traffic loads are about 8.1 years, 12.2 years and 12.7 years, respectively. Higher level of traffic loads shorten the pavement mean life.

본 연구에서는 rheometer를 이용하여 식용유 함량을 75, 80, 85%로 달리하여 제조한 3종류의 마요네즈의 정상유동특성과, 진폭을 작게 한 전단변형하에서의 동적유동특성을 광범위한 전단속도와 frequency 영역에서 측정하였다. 이들 결과로부터 정상유동특성의 전단속도 의존성 및 동적점탄성의 frequency 의존성을 조사하였다. 마요네즈는 항복응력과 shear-thinning 및 thixotropy성을 지니고 있었으며 이들 성질은 식용유 함량이 증가할수록 강화되었다. 점탄성의 측정결과 광범위한 frequency 영역에서 G'값은 G"값보다 매우 크게 나타났으며 G'과 G"의 frequency 의존성을 나타내는 척도인 n'과 n"은 각각 0.10, 0.20이었으며 G"이 G'보다 frequency 의존성이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 한편 75, 80, 85% 마요네즈의 부피평균직경은 각각 3.89 μm, 3.04 μm, 3.15 μm로 식용유 함량이 75%인 경우가 가장 크게 나타났다.

The development of information technology, which has brought the fusion of broadcasting and telecommunication, wire and wireless communication and voice and data, is developing new fusions like home network which is composed of IT, construction, and home appliances. This trend is considered to continue and to make other new fusions based on previous ones. In this study, we investigate the roles of RFID middleware by identifying the relationships between the new expected fusions and RFID.

Korea is closed to China in the geographical position and is related to China as two countries have developed similar culture, art, and social systems. Architecture is a kind of culture and has advanced in the wooden architecture with a considerable change. The study investigated a phylogenetic relationship between two countries based on characteristics of architectural universality. With comparison and analysis on the common feature and difference of the beam and structure in the wooden architecture from the Koryo and Zhejiang Province(China), the systemicity of the wooden architecture was examined. The beam is a part of timber which is consist of the wooden structure frame and also a crucial subject to understand a development process of the wooden architecture.

In ancient times, architectural design was seen as a critical task in building technologies. Specifically, form, dimension and structural design are of significant. These aspects are associated with each other and to be emerged as a whole. Designing plan dimension was deemed to be the core of design technology due to its close relationship with module system. Thus, its evolution as well as development process typically represents and reflects the spirits and contents of design technologies in ancient China. In China, the materials regarding ancient architectural technology include Yingzaofashi(營造法式) of Song Dynasty and Gongchengzuofazeli(工程做法則例) of Qing Dynasty. They show many aspects concerning materials, structure, scale system and building. In Yingzaofashi, although the length of objects are decided by 'cai(材)' and 'fen(分)', there are no regulations on length, width and height of a building. However, in the construction of ancient buildings, the above mentioned basic scales are very important in both design and construction. The present paper attempts to discuss the significance, namely, the design principles of length, with and height of ancient chinese architecture.

Glucocorticoid는 비유기 동물의 유선세포 pro-lactin receptor(PRL-R) 발현을 증가시키며, 전반적인 유선세포의 유합성 작용을 활성시킴으로 유합성 능력을 증진시킨다. 유선세포 PRL-R 발현량 증가는 유생산량 향상과 밀접한 관계를 갖는다. 본 실험은 비유중기의 재래산양의 유합성 능력을 향상시키고자, 0.05. 0.1과 0.2 g hydrocortisone을 5ml의 생리식염수에 현탁하여, 정맥투여하고 유선세포 PRL-R와 -유