Vortex tube is a simple structure and environmentally friendly method of temperature separation. In this paper, the applicability of the vehicle air conditioning system using the Vortex tube was reviewed. Experimental conditions, the pressure was set at 0.5~5.0kgf/cm2, and the cold air flow ratio (yc) was set at 0.1~0.9. Experiment result, the high temperature section represents the highest temperature value at yc=0.8. The cold zone represents the lowest temperature value at yc=0.5. In case of indirect heat exchanger experiment result, the maximum temperature difference was 11°C in the cold zone and 15°C in the hot zone. In case of direct heat exchange, the low temperature area was 11°C and the high temperature area was 11°C. According to the experiment result, although indirect heat exchange method performs better than direct heat exchange method, the time to reach normal temperature is four times slower than direct heat exchange method. Therefore, in order to apply to a vehicle air conditioning system, it is judged that it is effective to use a direct heat exchange method having a fast reaction speed and a low flow rate resistance.

답전윤환에 있어서 토양 pH는 논을 밭으로 윤환 시에는 pH가 증가하기도 하지만, 대체적으로 윤환연차가 증가함에 따라 pH가 계속 낮아지는 경향이었다. 답전윤환에 있어서 토양의 질소, 인산 및 규산 등의 양분동태를 보면 가급태 질소함량은 수도연작구보다 논-밭 매년윤환구 및 2년 윤환구에서 많았다. 그러나 밭윤환지를 다시 논으로 전환 시에는 무기태 질소함량은 낮아지는 경향이었다. 답전윤환에 있어서 인산함량은 수도 연속재배구에 비해 답전윤환지에서 증가하였으며, 토양유기물 함량은 논을 밭으로 윤환후 논전환하여 수도를 재배한 구의 유기물함량은 수도 연속재배구에 비해 감소하는 경향이었다. 윤환기간에 따른 토양유기물 함량은 수도연작구에서는 큰 변동이 없었으나, 밭윤환 3연차부터는 크게 감소하였다. 논을 밭윤환하면 토양공극률은 논상태인 경우보다 밭윤환 재배하였을 때 표토나 심토에서 공극률이 높았다. 토양의 용적밀도는 일반적으로 수도연작구는 변화가 없었으나, 밭윤환구에서는 용적밀도가 낮아졌다. 토양 3상은 수도연작구보다는 밭윤환 후 다시 논전환된 복원답이 표토, 심토에서 모두 기상율, 공극율 등이 높아 전반적인 토양 3상이 더 좋았다. 답전윤환 경지에서의 잡초발생 양상을 보면 논을 밭으로 윤환한 포장에서는 사초, 광엽초종이 많고 화본과 초종이 적게 분포한 반면 기존 밭연속 재배지에서는 화본과 초종이 많이 발생하였다. 밭윤환 첫해에는 논잡초가 다양하게 분포하였으나, 4년차에는 논잡초가 감소하면서 밭잡초가 우점하는 경향을 보였다. 답전윤환에 있어서 대두수량은 밭윤환에 의하여 15% 증수 및 밭작물 연작장해가 경감되는 경향이었다. 맥류의 답전윤환에서의 보리 생육 및 수량변화는 보리수량은 대조구에 비해 윤환구에서 증수되었고, 특히 콩-보리구는 비료를 적게 시비해도 증수율이 높은 경향이었다. 옥수수 수량은 밭윤환 후 첫해보다는 2년, 3년 연작재배에서 수량이 증가하는 경향이었다. 답전윤환에 있어서 율무의 수량은 수도작 후 밭윤환 첫해에 수량이 가장 높은 경향이었으며, 그 후 연작시에는 감수되는 경향이었다. 답전윤환에 있어 밭으로부터 논윤환 후 연차별 벼수량은 수도연작구에 비하여 매년윤환구에 비해 2년윤환구く3년 윤환구 순으로 밭상태 재배연수가 증가할수록 증수 정도가 큰 경향을 보였다는 결과와 3년 연작구나 격년 연작구에 비해 2년째 윤환구에서 벼 수량이 높았다는 보고 등이 혼재하였다. 답전윤환에 있어서 적정 답전윤환 연수는 논-밭-논-밭-논 윤환과정에서 각각 3 ~ 4년 이상이 되면 지력이 저하하여 윤환에 따른 유리함이 감소되고 병충해 및 잡초발생도 전환기간이 길어질수록 답전윤환의 효과가 감소되어 밭기간 3년, 논기간 3년의 6년 1주기로 하는 것이 적합하였다.

Background : Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (Rupr. et Maxim) Seem, belonging to the Araliaceae family, is widely distributed in Korea, China, and Japan. The plants belonging to Acanthopanax species are traditionally used in Korea as anti-rheumatoid arthritis, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic drugs and are recognized to have ginseng-like activities. A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated for independent analysis of major compounds and chlorogenic acid in A. sessiliflorus fruits. Chlorogenic acid was reported that prevent cancer and cardiovascular disease in vivo. Also, it has antioxidant effect in vitro test. In the previous experiment, chlorogenic acid were found in A. sessiliflorus fruits. This study was performed to identification of the major compounds and investigate the method validation for the determination of chlorogenic acid in A. sessiliflorus fruits. Methods and Results : Three major compounds were recorded on a Varian Unity Inova AS-400 FT-NMR spectrometer and analyzed by the new HPLC analysis method. HPLC analysis was carried out using an Waters e2695 and PDA detector. The new analyasis method was validated by the measurement of intra-day, inter-day precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD, S/N=3), and limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N=10) of chlorogenic acid. The results showed that the correlation coefficient (R2) for the calibration curves of chlorogenic acid was 0.997 in terms of linearity. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.565 ㎍/ml and 2.88 ㎍/ml, respectively. There was no interfering peak observed each other and HPLC system was suitable for analysis showing goodness of peak and high precision. Conclusion : This method is suitable to detect and quantify major compounds in A. sessiliflorus fruits. Furthermore, the result will be applied to establish chlorogenic acid as an standard compound for A. sessiliflorus fruits.

The subject of this experiment is to supply basic data to inhibit non-productive tillers which are uneconomical for mechanical harvesting and to evaluate optimum planting density and sowing date in central district. Total number of tillers and effective first and second of tillers according to different planting density was higher in 80 ㎝ ridge than 60 ㎝ ridge in proso millet. The wider between plant distance on the ridge, the more increased total number of tillers and effective first and second of tillers. The highest effective tillers (91.7 %) in the first tillers was obtained from the second sowing date (23 May) among different sowing date and next is in the order of 3 rd (13 June, 89.8%) > 1 st (2 May, 85.6%) > 4 th (4 July, 85.2%). The percentage of effective tillers in the second tillers was decreased in the order of 2 May (53.7%), 23 May (40.7%), 13 June (22.2%), 4 July (0%) as the sowing date was delayed. There was no significant difference in days to heading and days to ripening according to different planting density. Although culm length was increased as planting density was increased, whereas number of tillers, stem diameter, ear length, grains per ear and 1000 grain weight was decreased. In the growth and yield characteristics of proso millet according to different sowing date, days to heading and days to ripening, culm length, stem diameter, ear length, grains per ear and yield per 10a were decreased. After the sowing date of 13 June, the reduction of growth and yield characteristics were higher because of excess-moisture injury.

The aim of this study is to select the superior resources of high yield, high content of functional material optimal to mechanical harvesting by the evaluation of crop growth and yield characteristics in sorghum germplasm. One hundred accessions of sorghum germplasm were used in this experiment. Days from seeding to heading date showed the range from 68 to 94 days with the highest frequency proportion was the group from 80 to 85 days, which occupied 34% (34 plant resources) of 100 germplasm. Ear types of 100 sorghum germplasm could be classified as 7 types of broom-tillering, half broom-tillering, extreme open-loose type, open-loose type, intermediate type, compact type, extreme-compact type of which intermediate type was the highest ratio of 28% (28 plant resources) of 100 germplasm. Yield showed the range from 106 to 365 ㎏/10a with the highest frequency proportion of it was the group from 150 to 200 ㎏/10a, which occupied 44% (44 plant resources) of 100 germplasm. Among 100 sorghum germplasm, 18 ideal resources of high yield and short plant height appropriate for mechanical harvesting were selected. In order to evaluate high content of functional substance, selected 18 resources were analyzed for total polyphenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and total anthocyanin content. Finally, we selected 5 resources of short plant height, high yield, high content of total polyphenol and high DPPH radical scavenging activity among 18 genetic resources.

This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics and functional materials of baby vegetables as affected by different LEDs and luminous intensity at Anseongsi, Gyeonggi Province, in 2014. Test crops were beet, chicory, spinach, red leaf lettuce, crown daisy and red mustard purchased from the seed company of Dongbu Hannong and Jinheung. Growth characteristics were measured and the content of functional materials was analyzed 40 days after seeding at plug plate. Treatment of Red+Blue (4:1) at 150 µmol m-2 s-1 luminous intensity showed the highest number of leaves in five baby vegetables of beet, chicory, red leaf lettuce, crown daisy and red mustard. The highest shoot length of chicory, spinach, red leaf lettuce, crown daisy and red mustard was obtained from the treatment of Red+Blue (4:1) at 150 µmol m-2 s-1 luminous intensity. Fresh weight and dry weight of all six baby vegetables were the highest in treatment of Red+Blue (4:1) at 150 µmol m-2 s-1 luminous intensity. Content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of spinach, red leaf lettuce and red mustard showed the highest in Fluorescent lamp at 150 µmol m-2 s-1 luminous intensity whereas other crops did not show definite trend under different LEDs lights and luminous intensity. The highest total content of anthocyanins and polyphenol were obtained from the treatment of Red+Blue (4:1) at 150 µmol m-2 s-1 luminous intensity in all six baby vegetables. Free radical scavenging activity was highest in all six vegetable crops at 150 µmol m-2 s-1 luminous intensity, but it was not different significantly between LEDs.As a result, the growth and the content of functional material of baby vegetables are generally to be increased in Red+Blue (4:1) at 150 µmol m-2 s-1 luminous intensity. Mixed light of Red+Blue is thought to give good effect on the growth and the content of functional material in baby vegetable crops. Because there are many differences in regard of LED lights, crop varieties, cultivation and experi-mental methods in their impact on the growth and functional materials of baby vegetables among researchers, it is considered that a more precise studies are needed for the crop responses to LED light and luminous intensity.

In order to develop optimum paddy-upland rotation system, we evaluated the 1st and the 2nd upland growth and yield characteristics of foxtail millet, proso millet, sorghum rotated from paddy field and rice rotated from upland in paddy-upland rotation. Average number of ears per hill was 3.3 in the 2nd upland cultivation. The value was greater by 1 ear as compared to 1st upland cultivation (2.2 ears per hill). In average yield per 10a, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 220.3 kg, 23% increased yield compared to the 1st upland cultivation (179 kg per 10a). In average number of ears per hill, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 8.3 ears, increased 4 ears compared to the 1st upland cultivation (4.2 ears per hill). In average yield per 10a, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 152.8 kg, 16.8% increased yield compared to the 1st upland cultivation (130.8 kg per 10a). In average days from seeding to heading of 5 sorghum varieties, there were no significant difference between the 1st (68.6 days) and the 2nd (67.4 days) upland cultivation rotated from paddy field. In the average number of grains per ears, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 2,931.6 grains per ear, 12% increased compared to the 1st upland cultivation (2,619.6 grains per ears). Average yield per 10a of sorghum in the 2nd upland cultivation showed 242.3 kg, 4.6% increased compared to the 1st upland cultivation (231.7 kg per 10a). In growth and yield characteristics of rice in paddy-upland rotation, culm length in paddy-upland-paddy plot showed 82.9 cm, 7.3 cm longer compared to the continuous rice paddy field (75.6 cm). Ear length was also 1 cm longer than that of the continuous rice paddy field. In average number of ears per hill, paddyupland- paddy plot showed 25.0 ears, 4.3 ears more than that of the continuous rice paddy field (20.7 ears per hill). In average yield of rice per 10a, the paddy-upland-paddy rotation plot showed 526.8 kg, 9.8% higher yield compared to the continuous rice paddy field (479.9 kg per 10a).

우리나라 중부지역에서 파종기이동과 멀칭유무에 따른 조, 기장, 수수의 최적파종기 및 파종한계기 구명을 위하여 5월 15일, 6월 6일, 6월 26일, 7월 13일 파종기를 4수준으로 하여 피복 및 무피복을 처리하였다. 시험품종은 조 4품종(삼다찰, 삼다메, 경관1호, 황금조), 기장 4품종(이백찰, 만홍찰, 황실찰, 황금기장), 수수 4품종(남풍찰, 황금찰, DS202, 목탁수수)을 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부와 농업기술실용화재단에서 분양받아 2013년 경기도 안성시에서 실시한 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 간장은 조, 기장, 수수 모두 6월 6일 파종기에서 가장 컸다. 2. 수장은 조, 기장은 5월 15일 파종기에서 가장 컸고 수수는 6월 26일 파종기에서 가장 컸다. 3. 엽수는 조, 기장, 수수 모두 5월 15일 파종기에서 가장 많았다. 4. 조의 출수소요일은 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 삼다메와 경관1호, 삼다찰은 감소하였고 황금조는 1차 파종기인 5월 15일부터 3차 파종기인 6월 26일 파종기까지는 감소하다가 7월 13일 4차 파종기에서는 6월 26일 파종기와 같았다. 기장의 출수소요일은 4품종 모두 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 감소하였다. 수수의 출수소요일도 4품종 모두 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 감소하다가 마지막 파종기인 7월 13일에는 증가하였다. 5. 멀칭 및 무멀칭구 간에는 조, 기장, 수수 3작물 모두 생육 및 수량 특성간 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 6. 1수립수, 천립중 및 10당 수량은 조, 기장, 수수 모두 6월 26일 파종기에서 가장 높았다. 중부지방에서 조, 기장, 수수의 최적 파종기는 6월 하순으로 판단된다. 7. 7월 13일 파종기에서는 황금조, 만홍찰, 황금기장을 제외한 나머지 품종들은 만파로 인하여 성숙기에 이르지 못하였다. 중부지방에서 조, 기장, 수수의 파종 한 계기는 7월 초순으로 판단된다.

This study made use of 9 types of utilizing idle farmland deducted from existing research in order to examine cases by type of idle farmland, and selected representative cases by type after analyzing contents of 165 available newspaper articles. Selected Cases were assorted into agricultural use and nonagricultural use, and agricultural use are as followed. ①Community Service/Farming type is the case of Gimhae city reported on ‘Busan Ilbo’, ②High Income/Farming type is the case of cooperative unit of Geumjeong crude drug in Yeongam appeared in ‘Newsis’, and the case of Omija industry in Mungyeong reported on ‘Hankyoreh’, ③Tourism/Landscape/Farming type is the case of rape flowers and buckwheat flowers in Gupo village reported on ‘Asia News Agency’, ④Stock Raising/Farming type is the case of growing foraging crops published in ‘The Daejeon Ilbo’, ⑤Weekend farm type is the case of utilizing idle farmlands and creating weekend farm reported on ‘Mediawatch’, ⑥High income/Forest type is creating Mulberry cultivation areas in Hamyang-Gun published in ‘Yonhap News’, ⑦Ecology/Landscape/Forest type is forestation project of idle land reported on ‘Newsis’, ⑧Agricultural Experience Study type is the case of managing agricultural experience study center in Dosun elementary center published in ‘Sisajeju’ and the case of non-agricultural application case, ⑨Ecological Environment type is the case of wetland restoration of idle farmland in Gochang. This study investigated and arranged detailed contents by the literature search and interview investigation according to investigating items such as utilizing area, main agent, purpose, utilizing item, utilizing content, etc. by case. With that, it deducted implications as well as case characteristics, and finally suggested political proposals through the case analysis.