Fishing pots are one of the important fishing gears in our coastal and offshore fisheries. In terms of a sustainable use of marine resources, there are concerns about the ghost fishing by lost pots. It is reported that 10 to 70% of the pots are abandoned or lost annually. This study is to compare the catching efficiency of drum type whelk pots that are made of biodegradable nets to those made of the ordinary nets, in the eastern coast of Korea. Five types of drum pots were used with combination of biodegradable nets and ordinary (PA, PE) nets applied to the main and funnel parts of the pots: pots with biodegradable nets (Bio+Bio); pots with PE net (PE+PE); pots with body and funnel made of biodegradable nets and PE nets respectively (Bio+PE); pots with body and funnel made of PE nets and PA nets respectively (PE+PA); pots with body and funnel made of PE nets and biodegradable net respectively (PE+Bio). Field experiments were conducted from June 18th, 2015 to August 7th, 2015 using a commercial fishing vessel in the Uljin waters on the eastern coast of Korea. Two fleets of pots with one hundred in each, 20 pots of each type, were casted for 8 to 15 days to analyze their catching efficiency. The catch of target species, whelks, was 202,563.0 g with catch rate of 38.7% of the total catch, while the bycatch was 320,709.7 g with the rate of 61.3% of the total catch. The catch of whelks was the highest in the Bio+PE pots (46,020.3 g), followed by the Bio+Bio pots (42,027.5 g), the PE+Bio pots (41,849.9 g) and the lowest being PE+PE pots (38,054.2 g). Compared to the conventional pots, the pots with biodegradable nets on the body or entrance part had slightly higher catch rate for both the target species and the bycatch. The PE+PE had the lowest catch rate. There is no significant difference in catch between the pots with biodegradable nets and the ordinary nets for the target species such as Buccinum opisthoplectum, Neptunea eulimata, Buccinum striatissimum. Consequently, using biodegradable nets for the conventional whelk pots can reduce ghost fishing by lost gears while keeping the performance of the pots.

식초 농도를 달리하여 제조한 배합 초를 이용하여 만든초밥은 상온 25℃와 냉장온도인 4℃ 모두에서 초밥 제조직후에 측정한 결과값과 저장기간에 따른 pH의 변화는 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 일반세균의 경우배합초를 첨가하지 않은 대조군은 저장 1일부터 세균수가 증가하였으나 식초를 첨가한 초밥의 경우에는 2배 산도및 3배 산도 식초를 사용한 초밥은 저장 5일째 가지 일반세균의 유의적인 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 초밥 제조 시 식초의 농도 증가에 따라 초밥의 견고성, 탄력성, 응집성, 씹힘성, 부착성 및 깨짐성은 유의적으로 (p < 0.05) 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 상온 25℃에서 48시간저장기간 동안 견고성, 탄력성, 씹힘성, 깨짐성은 증가하였고, 부착성은 감소하였고, 저온 4℃에서 48시간 저장기간 동안 견고성은 상온 25℃에서 저장하는 것에 비해 견고성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 저장온도 및 기간에 따른 색도의 변화를 측정한 결과대조구에 비해 식초를 첨가한 초밥의 명도(L)와 황색도(b)는 유의적으로(p < 0.05) 감소하였으나 초밥의 적색도(a)는 유의적인(p < 0.05) 차이가 없었다. 초밥은 4℃에서 48시간저장하는 동안 명도(L)는 유의적으로(p < 0.05) 증가하였으며, 적색도(a)는 저장하는 동안 초밥의 종류에 관계없이 (-)값이 증가하였다. 그리고 황색도(b)는 저장기간 동안 유의적인(p < 0.05) 변화는 없었다.

한국 정부는 그동안 음식점 원산지 제도를 지속적으로 발전시켜왔는데, 2015년 기준 16개 품목에 대 한 원산지 표시지가 시행 중에 있다. 그럼에도 소비자 측면에서의 음식점 원산지 표지제도에 대한 분석 이 부족하여, 연구의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 소비자 설문조사와 계량분석(순위 프로빗 모형)을 통해 음식점 원산지 표시제도에 대한 소비자 인식을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 소비자들은 현지 시 행중인 원산지 표시제에 긍정적인 인식을 가지고 있었고, 향후 대상 품목 확대를 요구하고 있었는데 농 산물에 대한 표시제도 확대에 대한 요구가 더 많았다. 소비자들은 원산지 표시제도 위반자에 대한 처벌 강화도 요구하고 있어 향후 검토가 필요한 것으로 생각된다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 한국의 음식점 원 산지 표시제도는 성공적인 성과를 내고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 앞으로 더욱 제도를 강화할 당위성이 제 기되었다.

비외상성 자연적 장관 벽내 혈종은 항응고제 치료의 합병 증으로 발생하는 경우가 드물게 있다. 가장 흔한 호발 부위 는 공장이며, 회장, 십이지장 순으로 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 증상은 혈종의 위치와 크기에 따라 다양하지만 대개 복통, 구역 및 구토가 동반되고 일부에서는 혈뇨, 췌장염, 담관염이 드물게 보고 되었다. 하지만 국내에서는 십이지장 혈종의 2차적인 원인으로 폐쇄성 황달과 급성 담낭염이 발 생된 보고는 없었다. 본 증례에서는 항응고제 치료의 합병증 으로 십이지장 벽내 혈종이 발생되었고, 이로 인해 일시적인 폐쇄성 황달과 급성 담낭염이 발생했으나 보존적 방법으로 호전된 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다.

The coastal stow net (stow net hereafter) in Korea is one of the major fishing methods for yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis), ribbon fish (Trichiurus lepturus), and anchovy (Engraulis japonicus). In terms of energy efficiency, the stow net fishery is more competitive than towing fishing gears such as trawl gears. The fishing vessels in stow net fishery have consumed less fossil fuel and also have had less carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere. however, the stow net fishery is necessary to be regulated due to its increased output of the fleet. Therefore, it is required for fisheries authorities to manage the fishing capacity or fishing power for the assurance of fishery’s sustainability. For fisheries management authorities, it is necessary to quantify data related to fishing capacity and fishing power to deploy fishery policy in a sustainable way. In terms of data for decision-making, Data envelopment analysis (DEA) method was conducted to estimate fishing capacity. Fishing power index (FPI) was also applied to calculate relative fishing power to approach the problem in a quantitative way.

Menopausal status and hormonal changes are important factors related to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women. Nutrient intake is also a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Although, postmenopausal status and hormonal changes result in a 60% increased risk for metabolic syndrome, there has been no method to elucidate the effects of nutrient intake on metabolic syndrome following menopause. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of nutrient intake by menopausal women on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. All data were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2009. Menopausal women showed a 1.8-fold increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome group showed significantly lower values in calcium, iron, vitamin A, carotin, retinol and riboflavin intake than those of normal group in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, there are significant differences in crude fiber, calcium, iron, potassium, riboflavin and niacin. Indeed, different patterns of nutrient intake were observed by menopausal status and metabolic syndrome. As menopause cannot be controlled, a diet with adequate nutrient intake may be useful to control the rapid increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome due to menopause.

국가의 사회기반 시설물 중 지하시설물은 중요한 관리대상이며, 정부 및 유관관리기관에서는 매년 많 은 예산을 들여 관리하고 있다. 그러나 과거 시행착오와 지하시설물의 종합적인 관리정보의 부재로 서울 아현동가스폭발사고(1994.12), 대구 상인동 가스폭발사고(1995.04) 등 대형 사고가 발생한 바 있으며, 지 형공간정보구축사업이 진행되기까지 많은 크고 작은 사고가 발생하였다. 이러한 사고를 계기로 정부에서 는 국가중요시설물들의 종합적인 정보관리와 이를 위한 기반마련의 필요성이 제기되어 국가 GIS구축 사 업이 시행되었으며, 지하시설물 통합관리를 위한 시스템 구축 사업을 시행 중에 있다. 특히, 공간정보를 현장에서 취득하여 관리하고자 하는 유비쿼터스 개념의 공간정보관리 기법이 점차 도입 되고 있는 상황이다. 하지만 시설물의 상태나 관련 정보를 실시간으로 제공하기 위해서는 전원 공급 방법과 정보 취득 방법에서 실용화 및 보급에 한계가 있다. 지금까지는 UHF(Ultra High Frequency ; 900MHZ 주 파수대역을 사용하는 RFID태그의 종류)방식의 태그와, QR코드, NFC(Near Field Communication ; 13.56MHZ 주파수대역을 사용하는 RFID태그의 종류) 태그, 자기마커(강한자석을 관로상단에 매설하여 자 기탐사하는 방법) 등이 정보 전달 방법의 대안으로 적용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 시설물정보를 스마트폰 및 블루투스활용 디바이스에 접목 가능한 저전력 블루투스방식 (BLE ; Bluetooth Low Energy)과 메탈 NFC를 이용한 시설물정보의 수집과 관리 방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 여기서 저전력블루투스 방식이란 블루투스 4.0(BLE) 프로토콜 기반의 근거리 무선통신 방법으로 최대 70m 이내의 장치들과 교신할 수 있으며, 5~10㎝ 단위의 구별이 가능할 정도로 정확성이 높고 전력 소모가 적어 모든 기기가 항상 연결되는 사물인터넷 구현에 적합한 블루투스 방식의 한 종류로 향후 시설물의 상태에 대한 정보의 취득분야에 큰 활용이 기대되는 기술이다. 특히 본 연구에서는 지하시설물의 주요 접합 관리부인 맨홀 시설물에 적용 가능한 비콘 장치의 설치구 조와 센서 및 형태 등, 적용과 활용방법에 대해 연구하였으며, 지하시설물의 연결 관로의 정보제공과 활 용 방안에 대해 제안하고자 한다. 나아가 하수의 경우 정확한 상태와 지하의 오수, 우수를 체계적으로 배 출하고 관리를 위해 활용한다면 하수역류, 침수 등의 피해를 줄이고 2차 피해의 근본적인 원인을 파악할 수 있는 실시간 정보제공에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구는 지표항력모수화법과 공간해상도 설정에 대한 WRF 중규모모델내 지표풍속모의 성능을 평가하였다. 지표풍속 보정효과는 지형이 복잡한 한반도를 대상으로 연구하였다. 두 가지 새로운 지표항력모수화법과 수평 및 연직해상도를 가지고 총 5가지 실험(CTRL, Exp_JD, Exp_MO, Exp_h2, 그리고 Exp_l38)을 수행하였다. 1995년 한 해 동안 10m와 1000hPa에서 모의된 풍속을 검증 하였다. 실험결과, 지표풍속모의에 대한 최고성능은 WRF 모델내 아격자규모의 지표항력모수화법을 적용하고 연직층을 38개로 설계 한 실험 Exp_l38에서 나타났다. 10m 고도(1000hPa)에서 풍속 Bias와 RMSE가 각각 0.18(-2.65), 0.83(2.73)m/s였다. 이 연구에서 제안 한 MO의 지표항력모수화법과 연직층의 상세화가 풍속모의 설계는 WRF 모델을 활용하여 보다 정확한 바람정보를 생산하고 활용하는데 있어서 도움이 될 것이다.

Experiments for catch and cluster analysis on the catch by gillnet for the Pacific herring were conducted using traditional nylon net (PA) and developing biodegradable net (PBS) with different monofilaments of #2 (=0.23 mm) and #3 (=0.28 mm) in diameter between 2011 and 2012, and of #2, #2.5 and #3 in 2013 in the eastern coastal waters of Samcheok, Korea. The total catch during the experiments was 3,337kg in weight and 16,757 individuals in number. Though the catch ratio of the Pacific herring in 2011 and 2012 was 97.4% and 98.7%, respectively, that of the Pacific herring in 2013 was 73.6% as the biggest and followed by goldeye rockfish (8.6%), black edged sculpin (8.4%), atka mackerel (7.2%) and Alaska cod (1.0%). The ANOVA analysis on the total catch in relation to net material showed that there was not statistically significant difference at the 5% level between nylon net (PA) and biodegradable net (PBS) (p=0.91). With the cluster analysis on the catch in relation to net material (PA, PBS) and twine thick (#2, #3), it showed the influence of net material on the catch was greater than that of twine diameter in this experiment. From the test of homogeneity on the catch by the gillnet with PA and PBS in which several species were caught in 2013, there was not statistically significant homogeneity in relation to net material (p<0.005). That meant the traditional gillnet of nylon (PA) was more efficient than the biodegradable (PBS) gillnet to catch several kinds of fish, however the PBS gillnet was better than the PA gillnet to catch the target Pacific herring.

Fish exportation using airplanes incurs sizable logistics costs (12,000KRW/kg), according for more than 45% out of the total export cost. Thus, it is unreasonable to quantitatively expand fish exportation by means of air transport. In addition, cases of failing to deliver fish at the right time to the right place occurs frequently due to the limited cargo capacity and insufficient cargo space of airplanes, especially during the peak season. Therefor, a technology that not only minimizes the logistics costs but also transports fish freshly and safely, in the case of long distance exportation to countries such as the United States and Taiwan, should be developed. In this study, a live fish container control system for long distance transportation was designed and implemented. Live flatfish (2,000kg) were selected as the target fish, were transported to the United States to analyze and verify the performance of the a live fish container control system and transportation ability.

초기에 진단된 담낭암은 담낭 용종이나 담낭 결석 같은 다 른 양성 질환에 대한 치료 목적으로 담낭절제술을 시행한 이 후에 우연히 발견되는 경우가 대부분이다. 의료기술과 향상 에 따라 담낭 용종의 발생률이 증가했음에도 불구하고, 담낭 용종에서 악성을 시사하는 인자들에 대한 연구는 부족한 상 태이다. 본 연구에서는 437명의 환자 중, 담낭 용종으로 진단 된 첫 번째 군의 환자들은 359명이었고, 53명의 담낭선종, 25 명의 담낭암으로 진단된 환자들은 두번째 군에 분류하였다. 두번째 군의 환자들이 첫 번째 군의 환자들에 비해서 유의하 게 고령(50세 이상), 10 mm 이상의 크기, 담낭벽의 두께 증 가를 보였다. 담석 여부는 두 군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 50세 이상, 크기 증가, 담낭벽의 두께 증가 등은 담낭 용종에서 담낭암 또는 전구 병변의 가능성을 시사할 수 있 다. 이런 인자들을 가지고 있는 담낭 용종 환자에서 담낭절 제술을 고려해야 한다.

A model net experiment of the gape net for anchovy in Jindo, Jeollanam-do was carried out to investigate the net shape and hydrodynamic resistance using circulating water channel. The model net was made 1/33 down scale by Tauti’s similarity method and the range of experimental current speed was from 0.5 knot to 3.5 knot (increasing 0.5 knot interval). The net mouth height in 0.5 knot of the minimum experiment current speed was shown 26.0 cm (full-scale conversion value 8.58 m). The net mouth height and mouth area in 1.5 knot of the same current speed with a gape net fishing ground were shown 20.0 cm (full-scale conversion value : 6.60 m) and about 507.9 cm2 (full-scale conversion value : 55.31 m2). The net mouth height and area were decreased with increase the experimental current speed. The hydrodynamic resistance of the model net in 1.5 knot current speed was shown 1.11 kgf and the value of full-scale conversion by Tauti’s method was shown 3.996 ton.

The heat treatment machine based on immersion was developed to reduce temperature difference during netting process and appraised it performance compared current heat treatment machine using high pressure. It was also reviewed the optimum heat treatment procedures for PBSAT monofilament net in accordance with the immersion time and temperature. The procedure was based on physical measurement such as breaking load, elongation and angle of the mesh for PBSAT monofilament. The water temperature gap of the treatment machine based on immersion was less than 1°C. and the energy consumption was also increased in high temperature condition. It was identified that the optimum temperature was 75°C and its optimum processing time was between 15 minutes and 20 minutes to get qualified physical properties.

Experiment was set up to analyze bycatch and discards situation including snow crap Chionoecetes opilio of whelk trap. Four types of trap were used: drum type trap with PE net; drum type trap with PBS net; cylinder type trap with PE net; and cylinder type net with PBS net. Three funnels were attached in drum type trap and two funnels were used in cylinder type trap. A fleet of traps was consisted with one hundred traps. 25 traps of each type were set on a line in repeated sequence. Field experiments were conducted with 6 fishing operations in the Uljin waters, East Sea in July 2014. Catch of target whelks were 173,261 g and catch rate was 48.7% of total catch, while bycatch were 182,571 g, 51.3% of tatal catch. The catch rate of bycatch was 2.6% higher than that of target catch. Bycatch weight of snow crap was the highest as 142,987 g and formed about 40.2% of total catch, followed giant octopus, Enteroctopus dofleini, 31,762 g (8.9%). Bycatch rate of cylinder type trap was 2.3 times higher than that of drum type trap. Discard rate (discard/(discard+landing)) was 43.6%. Discard rate was the highest at cylinder type trap with PBS net as 63.1%, followed cylinder type trap with PE net as 47.9%, drum type trap with PE net as 33.4%, the lowest at drum type trap with PBS net as 22.1%.

This study is aimed to understand the vertical distribution of fish in the daytime and nighttime using an acoustic survey in Yondam reservoir of Jeollabuk-do, and an acoustical backscattering strength of dominant species, bass (Micropterus salmoides) and a bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), which are classified as the ecosystem disturbing species. The results showed that the fish school was distributed in the shallow areas of less than 10 m depth during the period of Aug. and Oct. where it had a strong thermocline, otherwise, it was distributed over 10-times density under stable water temperatures as 13°C in Nov. There was no vertical patchiness difference between daytime and nighttime unlike the typical marine ecosystem. The dominant species were crucian carp, bluegill, bass. The hydroacoustic method can provide the spatial distribution and effective removal ways of the ecosystem disturbing species in inland fisheries.

Swelling of the heat-treated netting for gillnet was estimated through the netting height in square acrylic tank. Experimental Nylon netting and PBSAT netting were heat-treated by using the high-degree vacuum method in hot water after net making. Heat-treatment temperatures were conducted with Nylon netting 105°C and PBSAT netting 62°C, 65°C, 66°C, 67°C. The swelling measurement method of a netting using the square tank was capable of the reduction measurement errors comparing with measurement methods of a mesh inner angle and the shortening rate of a mesh size. In addition, this method was available to comparison evaluation for each netting more easily. Wet type heat-treatment apparatus with high-degree vacuum was shown higher 7∼8°C inner side temperature than a setting temperature. The tensile strength and elongation of Nylon netting and PBSAT netting were shown higher wet condition than dry condition. The tensile strengths of PBSAT monofilaments in dry and wet condition were sharply decreased at heat-treatment temp. 75°C than heat-treatment temp. 74°C