Lee Seung Woo persistently offers novelistic inquiries about what is God. His novels have consistently addressed this issue, and the main theme through all his novels has been the absence of father. From his earliest books until the book published in 2009, Hannaje Siseon(Mid-day’s Gaze), fathers have been portrayed as either castrated and ostracized or sadistic and pessimistic. In his literary works, protagonists could not resolve the Oedipus complex. In Hannaje Siseon, however, the protagonist resolved the complex. This change in his approach toward the Oedipus complex brings up the need to interpret Hannaje Siseon based on psychoanalytical theories. The purpose of this paper is to read Hannaje Siseon as a story about the Real with the special reference to the relationship between father and son. The resolution of the Oedipus complex is deeply related to the restoration of ego-identity, and the process of the restoration could be understood as the story of the self facing the real.This paper mainly consists of four main parts. First, the paper analyzes the cause of internal depression the protagonist suffers. The cause is related to the absence of father, but the protagonist’s realization of the cause plays a positive role in the restoration of ego-identity. Second, Father archetype, which unsettles the protagonist, will be analyzed. Third, the metaphor about the name-of-the-father will be analyzed to see how the self enters into the symbolic. Fourth, the process of the self interacting with the real will be analyzed by looking at the act of killing father in the protagonist’s illusion. The analysis on Hannaje Siseon indicates that Lee Seung Woo intends to show the process of the self finding the subject in the cultural context where father is absent. In other words, he shows the way of resolving the Oedipus complex to reach the real.

◉ 목적 : 본 연구는 병원이라는 환경에서 작업치료사가 타 의료진(의사, 물리치료사)과의 다학제적 접근으로 개발하고 진행된 병원 치료 캠프를 소개하고자 하며, 이차적으로 보호자, 자원봉사자들의 병원 캠프에 대한 만족도 및 인식도를 알아보고자 한다. ◉ 연구방법 : 또래 끼리 캠프에 참여한 대상은 총 21명으로(남 14명, 여 7명) 서울특별시 어린이병원 재활의학과에 내원하고 있는 학령기 아동 중 의료진과의 회의를 거쳐 일반 통합 학교에 다니며, 간단한 지시따르기, 일상 생활활동, 독립적인 이동(보조도구 사용)이 가능한 아동으로 선정하였다. 주 진행자로 작업치료사 6명, 물리치료사 2명, 보조진행자로 작업치료, 물리치료학과 학생 26명이 참여하였다. 기간은 2012년 8월 24일∼25일 1박 2일의 일정으로 파티라는 주제로, 춤 배우기, 파티 플래그 만들기, 파티 소품 만들기, 파티 요리하기, 파티에 맞는 역할 수행하기와 야외활동에 참여하였다. ◉ 결과 : 캠프 참여 후 설문지 조사결과 (1) 보호자는 안전, 병원이라는 공간, 치료사 주최, 치료사의 프로그램 진행, 치료학과 학생의 자원봉사 참여에 대한 인식 및 만족도가 높았으며, (2) 자원봉사자는 치료사들이 진행하는 캠프에 참여하고, 아동들과 직접 생활할 수 있는 점에 만족하였다. ◉ 결론 : 1박 2일의 병원 치료 캠프를 통하여 아동들은 다양한 여가와 목적 있는 활동, 역할참여 기회가 되었으며, 보호자와 자원봉사자들의 인식 및 만족도 또한 높았다. 향후 작업치료사들이 개별 치료실에서만의 치료 서비스 제공 뿐 아니라 아동과 관련된 작업 치료 영역(놀이, 여가, 일상생활활동, 사회참여 등)을 모두 고려할 수 있는 치료 캠프를 개발 및 실시함으로 다양한 치료 서비스 제공을 제언하는 바이다.

Plasminogen activator(PA) system such as urokinase plasminogen activator(uPA), urokinase PA Receptor(uPAR), tissue, tissue PA, and PA inhibitor-1&2(PAI-1&2) play a role in tumor invasion, metastasis, and proliferation. It is interested that these factors in patients with primary oral squamous cell carcinoma(Oral SCC) will be evaluated and correlated with clinicopathologic variables. Recently, these expression of primary oral SCC has been restricted to clinical or immunohistochemical study such in vivo study. The purpose of this study were to investigate the mRNA expression and cytologic concentration of uPA, uPAr, tPA, and PAI-1,2 in oral SCC cell lines compared to NHOK and to apply these results to evaluate early detection biomarkers of oral SCC in future. All the cell lines(NHOK, HN 4 and SCC 25) were cultured under KBM bullet kit at 37℃ in a 5% CO2 incubator. We studied a possible association between mRNA expression and cytosolic concentrations of uPA, uPAR, tPA, and PAI-1,2 in oral SCC cell lines compared to NHOK using RT-PCR and an enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA) method. uPA mRNA expression was about 5-6 folds, while uPAR was a bout 3 f olds, and PAI-1 was about 1 .5-1.6 f olds. PAI-2 was a bout1.2 -1.3 f olds t han that o f NHOK, w hile t PA w as l ower t han that of NHOK. uPA cytosolic concentrations was about 15-19 folds, while uPAR was about 8 folds, and PAI-1 was about 3-4.5 folds. PAI-2 was about 2 folds than that of NHOK, while tPA was lower than that of NHOK. Both uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1,2 cytologic concentrations were correlated with mRNA expression of oral SCC cell lines. From the aboving results, high cytosolic concentrations of uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 & 2 were correlated with mRNA expression. It suggested that these might be specific markers for oral SCC cell lines and these results would be contributed to evaluate early detection biomarkers for human oral squamous cell carcinoma.

This study was conducted to investigate the residue amount of harmful materials on the 113 commercial fruit teas (Gugija, Omija, Sansuyu) in Gwangju area. It was performed using the GC-ECD, GC-NPD, GCMSD and the LC-UVD, LC-FLD, LC-MSD to analyze 200 pesticides. The heavy metals were determined using a Mercury analyzer and AAS. The sulfur dioxides were analyzed by modified Monnier-Williams method. The residual pesticides were detected in 4 samples (Gugija). The mean values of heavy metal contents (mg/kg) were Pb, 0.024; Cd,0.031; As, 0.010; Hg, 0.003. The measured values of Pb, Cd, As, Hg showed within MRLs. The sulfur dioxides were over MRLs in 4 samples (Gugija). These results will be used to establish on the regulation of commercial fruit teas in Gwangju area.

In this study was analyzed substances that high contribute to odor strength degree which emitted from the painting, the plating, the casting, the rubber manufacturing, and the used oil refining facilities in Gwangju Hanam industrial complex. In order to this, we analyzed two types of nitrogen compounds, five types of sulfur compounds, thirteen types of the aldehyde, and ten types of volatile organic compounds discharged from an outlet for antipollution facilities. The results are as following high contribution rate sustances to odor strenth was ordered butylaldehyde (73.8%) ＞ acetaldehyde (17.7%) ＞ propionaldehyde (4.9%) at painting facilities. At plating facilities, it was ordered Acetaldehyde (59.0%) ＞ ammonia (19.1) ＞ hydrogen sulfide (13.1%). At casting facilities, it was ordered Hydrogen sulfide (65.9%) ＞ acetaldehyde (17.2%) ＞ sulfur dioxide(5.2%). At rubber manufacturing facilities, it was ordered i-valeraldehyde (35.0%) ＞ butylaldehyde (32.0%) ＞ n-valeraldehyde (13.3%) and at used oil refinery facilities, it was ordered Acetaldehyde (36.8%)＞ butylaldehyde (33.6%) ＞ sulfur dioxide (14.5%).

This survey was conducted to monitor the food additives, heavy metals, and microbial contamination of the dried marine products like squids, pollacks, and shrimps, including jerked beef. They were purchased from supermarkets and traditional markets in Gwangju from February to December 2009. A total of 101 samples were tested. Sorbic acid, one of the additives, was detected in 29 samples of them (32.2%) and the contents were from 21.4to 244.2 mg/kg. Among heavy metals, lead was detected, ranging from 0.000 to 0.594 mg/kg and cadmium, from 0.000 to 0.679 mg/kg and mercury, from 0.001 to 0.947 mg/kg. Sodium was detected, ranging from 0.6 to 1.7%. Aerobic bacteria were detected from 81 samples (80.2%), coliform bacteria, from 10 samples (9.9%) and Bacillus cereus,causing food poisoning, was isolated from 3 samples (3.0%).

Numerous bone cell culture models have been presented by the development of isolation and culturing techniques of cells. The culture of osteoblast-like cells of human origin with a specific osteoblastic phenotype has become an important experimental model in bone biology. Recently, it has become increasingly popular to utilize bone marrow cultures because these cultures are therefore thought to represent earlier stages of the osteoblast differentiation pathway. There is no report about culturing normal human osteoblast from oral and maxillofacial area. Primary cultured cells from oral and maxillofacial cancellous bone were analyzed by morphologic features, total DNA contents, ALP, osteocalcin and von Kossa staining positivity. The purpose of this study were to culture the cell population from oral and maxillofacial cancellous bone and to analyze the phenotypic expression of cultured normal human osteoblast by the bone marrow isolation technique. Growth curve of NHost showed about 45hrs of doubling time and about 70μ g/well of total DNA content. NHost showed spindle shaped cytoplasm with ovoid nucleus under preconfluency and after cellular differentiation, they formed irregular numerous nodules from stratified cellular layers under D medium. ALP activity was about 2 folds higher under control medium with 10nM 1,25(OH)2D3 than that under control medium. Osteocalcin expression was about seven folds higher under control medium with 100nM 1,25(OH)2D3 than that under control medium. Scattered mineralized nodules stained by von Kossa method were seen on the cellular layer under D medium. It suggested that NHost might be established from oral and maxillofacial area by characteristic cellular shape, ALP activity, osteocalcin expression and numerous mineralized nodules.