In this study, through the static and dynamic finite element analyses, we want to present the basic data to confirm the effect of blast loading on the force-displacement curve and mid-span displacement history of SC walls installed in the nuclear power plant(NPP).

The purpose of this study is to investigate the ultimate strength of carbon steel (SS400) fillet-welded connections with weld metal fracture through monotonic tensile test. Specimens of CTFW series (transverse fillet weld against loading direction), CLFW series (longitudinal fillet weld against loading direction) and CFW series (a combination of transverse weld and longitudinal weld) failed by tensile fracture, shear fracture and block shear fracture, respectively. Test strengths were compared according to welding direction and weld length

This research was conducted to evaluate methods of enhancing the waterlogging resistance of soybean plant. Thus, we applied seven types of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to soybean plants and exposed them to waterlogged conditions for a total of 14 days. To evaluate stress resistance, we monitored plant growth characteristics data such as height, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence for 28 days after the initial waterlogging (14 days under waterlogging conditions and 14 days after waterlogging). According to the results, plant height was significantly increased by gibberellin A4 (GA4) treatment compared to the control treatment and waterlogging-only treatment. However, we could not detect plant height owing to plant death when we applied abscisic acid (ABA). Except for GA4 and ABA treatments, plant heights slightly decreased in all treatments compared to the waterlogging-only treatment. The chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence showed a similar tendency among PGR treatments. The chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence were significantly increased by ethephon and kinetin treatments 28 days after waterlogging compared to the waterlogging-only treatment. Consequently, kinetin and ethephon treatments induced more resistant phenotypes in soybean plants during or after exposure to waterlogging conditions.

최근 들어 아토피 피부염, 알레르기 비염, 천식 등 환경성질환이 지속적으로 증가하는 추세이며, 특히 아토피질환의 발생 혹은 악화에 관여하는 환경적 요인은 생물학적 요인, 화학적 요인, 물리적 요인 등으로 분류할 수 있으며 면역력이 약한 어린이, 청소년 및 노인층을 중심으로 꾸준히 발생에 대한 예방관리에 더욱더 많은 관심을 기울일 필요가 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 청소년 복지시설로서의 환경성질환센터 계획에 관한 연구이다. 유아기에서부터 청소년기까지 정규 교육과정 이 외에 가장 가깝게 접하는 생활권 청소년수련시설에 환경성 질환에 관한 예방 및 생활교육으로서의 시설 제안을 통하여 환 경적, 물리적 요인에 의하여 발생되는 환경성 질환을 청소년기에 예방하는 것에 목적을 둔다. 이에 본 연구는 청소년복지시 설로서의 환경성질환센터에 관한 공간디자인 관점에서 적절한 단위공간규모 및 공간 간의 동선계획 및 관계성을 공간구성 도로 만들어 지자체나 정부기관에서 예방적 차원의 시설을 계획할 때 각론적 기준을 제시하는 것에 의의 두고자 한다.

Fermented vinegars using pear was compared according to the appled side materials. Quality characteristics of three kinds of the fermented vinegars (pear vinegar, PV; pear black rice vinegar, PBV; pear mint vinegar, PMV) were investigated, which includes pH, total acidity, colors, the contents of sugar, amino acids, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid, ,α‘α-diphenyl-β-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, and sensory evaluation. Brown rice vinegar (BRV) was used as a control. The pH and total acidity of the fermented pear vinegars were significantly different showing the range of 3.17~3.43 and 4.01~5.05%, respectively (p<0.05). The sugar contents of PV and PMV were significantly higher than other vinegars (p<0.05). L, a, and b values were the highest in PV, PBV, and PMV, respectively. Among the four vinegars, the essential amino acids were the highest in PV with the order of lysine, isoleucine, valine, and threonine. Besides, the fermented pear vinegars have many non-essential amino acids such as glutamic acid and aspartic acid. The aspartic acid content was the highest in PV while glutamic acid content was the highest in BRV. The total polyphenol content was the highest in PV while total flavonoid content was the highest in PBV. The DPPH radical scavenging ability (%) was the highest in PV. In sensory evaluation, PBV showed the highest color, taste and overall preference scores. These results show that pear would be desirable to prepare high-quality vinegars and functional foods.

The objective of this study was to examine quality characteristics of a smoked duck marinated in natural curing agents containing extracts of pear by sugar, celery powder, and vitamin C. We evaluated the composition food additives residue and total plate count, chromaticity, sensory properties, total polyphenol contents, 2,2-Diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect of general smoked duck (GSD) and natural smoked duck (NSD). The nitrite ion, antioxidant and sodium glutamate of NSD were not detected. The lightness, yellowness and redness of the two smoked duck decreased significantly as growing longer storage days. The total plate count (CFU/g) of coliform bacteria of two smoked duck were not grown. The sensory properties showed that NSD was higher than GSD in the aspect of taste, texture and overall preferences. The total polyphenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging effect of NSD were higher than those of GSD. These results suggested that it was possible to manufacture a smoked duck marinated in natural curing agents including extracts of pear by sugar, celery powder, and vitamin C for the improvement of safety and quality.

The spatial and temporal variations of CO2 concentrations and radiative forcing (RF) due to CO2 were examined at urban center (Yeon-dong) during 2010-2015 and background sites (Gosan) during 2010-2014 on Jeju Island. The RF at the two sites was estimated based on a simplified expression for calculating RF for the study period. Overall, annual mean CO2 concentrations at the Yeon-dong and Gosan sites have gradually increased, and the concentrations were higher at Yeon-dong (401-422 ppm) than at Gosan (398-404 ppm). The maximum CO2 concentrations at the two sites were observed in winter or spring, followed by fall and summer, with higher concentrations at Yeon-dong. The RF at Yeon-dong (annual mean of up to 0.70 W/m2 in 2015) was higher than that at Gosan (up to 0.46 W/m2 in 2014), possibly because of higher CO2 concentrations at Yeon-dong resulting from population growth and human activities (e.g., fossil fuel combustion). The highest monthly mean RFs at Yeon-dong (approximately 0.92 W/m2) and Gosan (0.52 W/m2) were observed in spring 2015 (Yeon-dong) and spring 2013 (Gosan), whereas the lowest RFs (0.17 and 0.31 W/m2, respectively) in fall 2011 (Yeon-dong) and summer in 2012 (Gosan).

Long-term variations of PM10 and the characteristics of local meteorology related to its concentration changes were analyzed at 4 air quality sites (Ido-dong, Yeon-dong, Donghong-dong, and Gosan) in Jeju during two different periods, such as PI (2001-2006) and PII (2007-2013), over a 13-year period. Overall, the long-term trend of PM10 was very slightly downward during the whole study period, while the high PM10 concentrations in PII were observed more frequently than those in PI. The concentration variations of PM10 during the study period was clarified in correlation between PM10 and meteorological variables, e.g. the low (high) PM10 concentration with large (small) precipitation or high (low) radiation and in part high PM10 concentrations (especially, Donghong-dong and Gosan) with strong wind speed and the westerly/northwesterly winds. This was likely to be caused by the transport effect (from the polluted regions of China) rather than the contribution of local emission sources. The PM10 concentrations in “Asian dust” and “Haze” weather types were higher, whereas those in “Precipitation”, “Fog”, and “Thunder and Lighting” weather types were lower. The contribution of long-range transport to the observed PM10 levels in the urban center (Ido-dong, Yeon-dong, and Donghong-dong), if estimated by comparison to the data of the background site (Gosan), was found to explain about 80% (on average) of its input.

이 연구는 배의 가공식품으로의 활용도를 높이기 위해 배당침액을 제조하고 이를 이용하여 2종 소스(간장소스와 된장소스)를 개발하여 이화학적 특성과 저장성을 알아보고 훈제오리와의 조화도를 평가하여 육류요리와 어울리는 소스로서의 가능성을 제안하고자 하였다. 2종 소스는 이론적인 레시피와 다량조리 실험과 관능평가를 통하여 최종 레시피를 결정하였다. 또한 된장소스는 관능평가에 재료의 입자 크기가 미치는 영향을 최소한으로 줄이고자 마늘과 양파를 0.2cm 크기로 다진 것과 분쇄기에 분쇄한 두 가지 형태(된장소스 Ⅰ,Ⅱ)로 제조하여 관능평가 실시하여 그 결과 최종 소스를 확정하여 이후 이화학적 분석의 시료로 사용하였다. 된장소스 Ⅰ이 강도 관능평가에서 향미, 색깔, 맛, 전체적인 품질이 더 높게 평가되었고(p<0.05) 기호도 평가에서는 색깔, 맛, 산미, 훈제오리와의 조화도, 전체적인 선호도 에서 된장소스 Ⅱ보다 더 높은 점수를 받았다(p<0.05). 따라서 된장소스 Ⅰ을 선택하여 차 후 이화학적 분석 시료로 사용하였다. 간장소스와의 관능평가 결과 이취, 색깔, 점도는 간장소스가 유의적으로 된장소스 Ⅰ보다 더 높았으며(p<0.05) 냄새, 맛, 후미, 전체적인 품질은 된장소스 Ⅰ이 유의적으로 더 높았다(p<0.05). 두 소스의 기호도 평가에서는 된장소스 Ⅰ이 맛, 오리훈제와의 조화도, 전반적인 기호도 등에서 유의적으로 점수가 높았다(p<0.05). 배당침액의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 71.2±5 mg/100 g 이었고 DPPH radical 소거능은 9.7±3.7%, ABTSㆍ+ radical 소거능은 14.2±7.5%였다. 배당침액을 첨가한 소스의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 간장소스 147.7±12.6 mg/100 g, 된장소스 156.2±13.4 mg/100 g로 두 군이 유사하였다. 항산화 활성을 나타내는 DPPH radical 소거능은 간장소스 43.6±6.3%, 된장소스 17.0±5.0%로 간장소스의 활성이 높았고, ABTSㆍ+ radical 소거능은 간장소스 18.9±2.1%, 된장소스 17.0±9.0%로 두 소스가 유사하였다. 개발된 두 소스의 저장성 평가에서 pH, 염도, 미생물, 색도의 변화는 저장기간 동안 유의하지 않았고 당도는 간장소스 경우 저장기간에 따라 차이가 없었으나 된장소스는 증가하였다. 점도변화는 간장소스는 저장기간이 길어질수록 점도가 감소하였고, 된장소스는 증가하였다. 결론적으로 저장기간 동안 소스의 점도변화를 안정화시키면 배당침액을 첨가한 간장소스와 된장소스는 약간의 차이를 보이지만 배와 배당침액, 마늘, 양파 등 각 소스 재료의 다양한 기능성분을 함유하면서 항산화활성이 높고 저장성이 안정적인 육류 요리 소스로서 활용 가능성이 높다고 사료된다.

The acoustic emission technique (AE) was implemented to assess long-term performance of concrete beams (reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) and steel bars) exposed to an aggressive combination of high temperature and humidity. This study presents the results and discussions of an experimental study concerning AE characteristics of long-term behaviors of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP and steel bars after accelerated

Several researches of durability are proceeded domestically and internationally based on this circumstances and apply various integrity evaluation techniques and reinforcement methods of reinforced concrete structures to maintain the durability. Application of building coating materials on building external is effective as a popular material method to maintain durability of reinforced concrete structures as design.

In spite of advantages of the use of CNT, one of the largest obstacles to improve strength of CNT composites is the difficulty of getting a good dispersion of the carbon nanomaterials in a matrix. We tried to mix CNT composites with some of surfactant for getting a good dispersion and compared the results of compressive strength test.

원예치료 및 주요 대체 치료법의 논문을 대상으로 치료에 적용된 대상자의 특성을 조사 분석하였다. 성별 비율은 치료법의 종류에 관계없이 여성의 비율이 52.3-55.1%를 차지하였다. 개인을 대상으로 한 치료는 미술치료가 45.2%로 비율이 높은 반면에 나머지 치료법에서는 13.2%를 나타냈다. 대상자의 인원수별 비율을 조사한 결과 전반적으로 10명 이하의 비율이 29.5%(작업치료) 이상을 나타냈으며, 특히 미술치료는 10명 이하가 64.5%로 높게 나타났다. 대상자의 연령은 원예치료의 경우 60대 이상이 32.8%로 많은데 비해 작업치료, 미술치료, 음악치료는 20대 이하가 각각 54.6%, 65.7%, 56.6%로 20대 이하의 비율이 높았다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the carbonation resistance of building coating materials applied to the mortar or concrete substrate including their cracked zone. The testing parameters for this experiment were the three crack widths in the substrate including non-crack, and two types of the coating materials.

배즙과 배 건조분말을 이용하여 기능성 양갱을 제조하기 위하여 물대신 배즙을 넣고 배건조분말(열풍, 동결), 백앙금, 한천, 젤라틴, 소금을 첨가하여 배양갱을 제조하였다. 배양갱의 일반성분, 총 폴리페놀 함량, 항산화활성, 색도, 조직감, 관능평가를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 물을 이용한 C양갱의 수분함량은 27.9%로 가장 많았고 열량과 탄수화물 함량은 가장 적었으며, 배즙 양갱(PJ)과 배즙과 배 열풍건조분말 양갱(PJH), 배즙과 배 동결