This study was performed to investigate contamination levels of aflatoxins, the secondary metabolites produced by fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, in herbal medicine. Herbs is susceptible to these fungi infections through its growth harvest, transport and storage. This study determine the aflatoxin B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂levels by HPLC-florescence detector coupled with photochemical enhancement in 558 samples herbal medicine distributed in Korea and China. Also, We checked a transfer ratio of aflatoxins from raw herbal medicines to herbal medicine extract. Hot water extraction of herbal medicines was prepared by air pressure and high pressure condition. The analytical method for aflatoxins was validated in this method. In results recoveries of the analytical method were ranged from 67.4% to 96.2% and, limits of detection and quantitation for aflatoxins were 0.015~0.138 μg/kg and 0.046~0.418 μg/kg, respectively. According to the results of monitoring on aflatoxins in herbal medicine, aflatoxins 1.7 ug/kg B1 and 0.9 ug/kg G₁were detected in only one sample of Strychni Ignatii Semen, and 0.8 ug/kg G₁ in Strychni Semen. About 13.6~51.3% of aflatoxins were transferred to hot water extract. Although the detected levels are under the permitted levels for aflatoxins in herbal medicine, these amounts should be considered in regard to overall daily exposure to mycotoxins.

The present case occurred in the cervical area of 51 years old male, who was generally healthy but recently complained of cervical swelling with mild pain. The tumor recently grew rapidly for 5 months. He was referred from local hospital in the diagnosis of metastatic tumor in cervical lymph. In the biopsy procedure, the tumor mass was ill-defined and not associated with cervical lymph node. The microsection showed a highly proliferative fibrous tissue infiltrative growth into the periphery. The spindle tumor cells were stained red in Masson trichrome stain, and strongly positive for PCNA and β-catenine, and partly positive for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), but negative for S-100 and desmin. The differential diagnosis in primary biopsy examination was made as leiomyosarcoma, malignant schwannoma, and mesenchymal sarcoma. Under the diagnosis of sarcoma the patient was operated for tumor resection including cervical lymph nodes. The tumor mass was tightly attached on the lower border of left mandibular body. After the surgical operation the tumor tissue was more investigated with further immunohistochemical stainings, and discussed with several pathologists in Gangneung area. Finally the tumor was turned out to be a nodular fasciitis with pseudosarcomatous proliferation, and also confirmed that the pseudosarcomatous spindle cells belonged to the myofibroblasts originated from the fibrovascular fascial tissue. The present study demonstrated a rare case of nodular fasciitis, which should be differentially diagnosed from the malignant head and neck tumors.

1961년부터 2010년 현재까지 현행 국가정선해양관측이 고전적 방법에 의해 수행됨으로써 자동화된 시스템의 형태로 실시간 혹은 준실시간으로 자료를 제공하지 못하게 되는 부분에 대한 개선방향을 살펴보고, 우리나라 운용해양시스템의 실용화를 위하여 국가정선해양관측이 나아가야 할 방향을 제시하였다. 선상에서 관측이 끝난 이후부터 데이터베이스에 자료가 저장되는 시점까지 행해지는 수동화된 작업을 대체하기 위해서는, 수온, 염분뿐만 아니라 다양한 자동측정센서가 부착된 CTD(Conductivity-Temperature-Depth)에 연동된 컴퓨터에서 해양관측자료를 처리하고 실시간으로 품질관리를 수행하며 통신수단에 맞게 자료를 전송할 수 있도록 하는 자동화 소프트웨어의 개발이 필요하다. 관측자료를 실시간의 형태로 전송하기 위해서는 Inmarsat 위성통신장비를 활용한 전송시스템이 타당하고, 준실시간 형태의 전송으로는 CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access) 무선통신방식을 사용하여 연안역에 도달했을 때 수집된 자료들을 묶어서 보내는 방식이 적합하다. 실시간 품질관리 과정을 포함시켜 관측시 발생할 수 있는 여러 가지 원인의 오류를 미연에 방지할 수 있을 것이다.

The fragile X mental retardation (FMR) syndrome is the largest source of inherited mental retardation. The syndrome is usually caused by the transcriptional silencing of fragile X mental retardation gene (FMR-1). An 18 years old male wascompla띠ing of multiple toαh missing and abnormal facial profùe, of which signs were matemally dominant in his family. In the C)π。gene디c analysis the pa디ent and his parents did not show any discontinuity in the long arm end of X chromosome, but in the PCR produαs targeω19 the CGG repeat sequence in the 5' untranslated region of FMR gene both the patient'’ s and his mother' s gDNAs produced a normal and an extra bands, sized about 400 and 800 bps, respectively, while the his father' s gDNA produced only one normal band, sized about 400 bps. 까1US ， we suppose that the pa디.ent has heterozygotic alleles of FMR gene inherited matemally, and that the patient s FMR gene was in a premutated state relevant to the dentofacial abnormalities.

Body position is known to have an effect on vital capacity(VC). The purpose of this study was to examine effect on VC of posture, sex and smoking, and the difference between predicted and measured values of VC. VC was measured in the standing and the head-down position in 40 healthy subjects (20 men and 20 women) in a random order of testing. When subjects changed from standing to head-down position, this VC decreased by 19.9%. In both positions, VC changes in men were significantly larger than in women. No statistically significant difference was found in men who smoked. There was no difference between the predicted and measured values in men. But measured values were larger than predicted values in women. Because VC can decrease by 19.9% in the head-down position due to the effect of gravity, attention should be paid especially to patients who are placed in the head-down position for postural drainage since they already have a decreased VC.

본 논문은 디자인 전공 분야에서 학생들이 현장 경험을 통해 실무적인 기술을 습득할 수 있도록 돕는 지역사회경험학습인 CBL(Community Based Learning) 학습 모델을 고찰하고 그 질적 효과를 NCS(National Competency Standards)에서 제시한 지식, 기술, 태도의 관점에서 분석하는데 목적을 둔다. ‘디자인과 지역사회경험학습’ 과목은 동의과학대학교 디자인계열의 ‘커뮤니케이션 디자인 프로젝트’ 과목을 수강하는 2학년 학생들을 대상으로 개설되었다. ‘디자인과 지역사회경험학습’ 교과목으로 학생들은 ‘커뮤니케이션 디자인 프로젝트’에서 배운 전공이론과 지식을 실제 현장에 직접 적용해보고, 프로젝트 결과물을 수업 시간 중에 발표한다. 그리하여 시각 디자인 직무의 현장 실무에 대한 이해를 향상시키고 경험을 넓힐 수 있게 된다. 본 연구를 통해 현장 실무와 관련된 CBL은 시각 디자인 전공 학생들의 전공능력과 직무 관련 능력을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, NCS 기준에 의한 학생 일지 분석, CBL 관련기관 평가, 포트폴리오, 자격증 취득 결과 등을 통해, 본 논문의 교육설계와 그 설계에 따른 실행이 학생들의 전공능력과 현장실무 능력을 높이는데 기여하고 있음을 보여주었다.

This study was carried out to evaluate biological activities to different ethanol extracts from unripened and ripened fruit (Rubus coreanus Miq.). 25% to 75% ethanol extracts of unripened and ripened fruits were similar to extract yield respectively. Yield of ethanol extract of ripened fruit were approximately 3 times higher than that of unripened fruit. 75% ethanol extract of unripened fruit showed the highest contents of total polyphenol (180.04±0.41 mg/g) and total flavonoid (50.43±0.81 mg/g). Contents of total polyphenol and total flavonoid of unripened fruit were about 2 times higher than those of ripened fruit. IC50 values of DPPH radical scavenging activity and linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition activity of BHA and α-tocopherol showed 13.19±0.21 and 18.16±0.23μg/ml, 4.25±0.04μg/ml and 5.56±0.10μg/ml respectively, but 75% ethanol extract of unripened fruit showed the lowest 23.85±0.10μg/ml and 7.34±0.07μg/ml among other all extracts. IC50 values of LDL (low density lipoprotein) oxidation inhibition activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 75% ethanol extract of unripened fruit showed the lowest 1.04±0.04μg/ml and 7.21±0.13μg/ml among other all extracts respectively. Specifically, 75% ethanol extract of unripened fruit has relatively better biological activities than other ethanol extracts, it could be potentially used as bioactive source for health functional foods.