This study was to investigate an analytical method for determining dieckol content in Ecklonia stolonifera extract. According to the guidelines of International Conference on Harmonization. Method validation was performed by measuring the specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) of dieckol using high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array. The results showed that the correlation coefficient of calibration curve (R2) for dieckol was 0.9997. The LOD and LOQ for dieckol were 0.18 and 0.56 μg/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision values of dieckol were approximately 1.58-4.39% and 1.37-4.64%, respectively. Moreover, intra- and inter-day accuracies of dieckol were approximately 96.91- 102.33% and 98.41-105.71%, respectively. Thus, we successfully validated the analytical method for estimating dieckol content in E. stolonifera extract.

본 연구는 설악산국립공원 아고산대에서 출현하는 주요 식생의 지역별, 해발고별 식생구조를 파악하고, 식물상 목록을 작성하고자 수행되었다. 기존 아고산대 연구결과를 고찰하고, 사전조사를 통해 아고산대 식생이 처음 출현하는 지점을 남측을 기준으로 800m로 결정하고 그곳에서부터 해발고도 50m 간격으로 북측 백담사~마등령 탐방로(BD) 12개소, 서측 한계령~끝청 탐방로(HG) 13개소, 동측 신흥사~소청봉 탐방로(SA) 13개소, 남측 오색~끝청, 오색~대청봉 탐방로(OS) 39개소에 각각 조사구를 설치하여 총 77개소에서 현장조사를 수행하였다. 분석결과, 아고산대 주요 식물인 신갈나무, 사스래나무, 분비나무 등의 출현 여부에 따른 종조성과 지역 및 해발고도에 의해 신갈나무-전나무-당단풍나 무군락, 신갈나무-피나무군락, 신갈나무-잣나무군락, 신갈나무-당단풍나무군락, 사스래나무-분비나무군락, 잣나무-분 비나무군락, 낙엽활엽혼효군락의 총 7개 군락으로 분류되었다. 조사구(100㎡)당 10.68±2.98종이 출현하였고, 110.87± 63.89개체가 확인되었다. 종다양성지수 분석결과, 설악산국립공원 아고산대 식생군락은 다양한 수종이 중요종으로 출현하는 혼효림으로 판단되었다. 지역별로 아고산대 주요 식물이 출현하는 최초 해발고도는 차이가 있었지만, 1,100~ 1,300m 구간에서 집중적으로 분포하고 있었다. 관속식물은 총 83과 193속 289종 4아종 28변종 1품종 322분류군으로 파악되었다. 법정보호종은 기생꽃 1분류군이 확인되었다. 한반도 고유종은 19종이 확인되었으며, 아고산식물은 58분류 군이 확인되었다.

This study aimed to investigate the validation and modify the analytical method to determine quercetin- 3-o-gentiobioside and isoquercitrin in Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench for the standardization of ingredients in development of functional health products. The analytical method was validated based on the ICH (International Conference for Harmonization) guidelines to verify the reliability and validity there of on the specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, detection limit and quantification limit. For the HPLC analysis method, the peak retention time of the index component of the standard solution and the peak retention time of the index component of A. esculentus L. Moench powder sample were consistent with the spectra thereof, confirming the specificity. The calibration curves of quercetin-3-o-gentiobioside and isoquercitrin showed a linearity with a near-one correlation coefficient (0.9999 and 0.9999), indicating the high suitability thereof for the analysis. A. esculentus L. Moench powder sample of a known concentration were prepared with low, medium, and high concentrations of standard substances and were calculated for the precision and accuracy. The precision of quercetin-3-o-gentiobioside and isoquercitrin was confirmed for intraday and daily. As a result, the intra-day precision was found to be 0.50-1.48% and 0.77-2.87%, and the daily precision to be 0.07-3.37% and 0.58-1.37%, implying an excellent precision at level below 5%. As a result of accuracy measurement, the intra-day accuracy of quercetin-3-o-gentiobioside and isoquercitrin was found to be 104.87-109.64% and the daily accuracy thereof was found to be 106.85-109.06%, reflecting high level of accuracy. The detection limits of quercetin-3-o-gentiobioside and isoquercitrin were 0.24 μg/mL and 0.16 μg/mL, respectively, whereas the quantitation limits were 0.71 μg/mL and 0.49 μg/mL, confirming that detection was valid at the low concentrations as well. From the analysis, the established analytical method was proven to be excellent with high level of results from the verification on the specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, detection limit and quantitation limit thereof. In addition, as a result of analyzing the content of A. esculentus L. Moench powder samples using a validated analytical method, quercetin-3-o-gentiobioside was analyzed to contain 1.49±0.01 mg/dry weight g, while isoquercitrin contained 1.39±0.01 mg/dry weight g. The study was conducted to verify that the simultaneous analysis on quercetin-3-o-gentiobioside and isoquercitrin, the indicators of A. esculentus L. Moench, is a scientifically reliable and suitable analytical method.

콩 [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]은 단백질, 지방, 탄수화물의 3대 영양소와 다양한 기능성 성분의 주요 공급원이다. 녹색종피와 자엽을 가진 콩 품종은 눈건강에 유익한 루테인 성분을 많이 함유하고 있지만, 항영양성분으로 알려진 쿠니츠트립신인히비터 단백질, 렉틴 단백질 및 P34 단백질을 가지고 있어 품질과 기능성을 저하시킨다. 이러한 성분이 유전적으로 제거된 품종의 육성이 필요하다. 녹색종피와 자엽을 가지고 있지만, 쿠니츠트립 신인히비터, 렉틴, P34의 3가지 단백질이 모두 없는 triple null 유전자형을 가진 콩 계통을 육성하기 위하여 본 연구가 진행되었다. 4개의 유전자원 (Gaechuck#2, PI548392, PI567476, Seonyack)을 이용하여 창성된 두 모본의 교배로 육종집단이 창성되었다. Western blot 기술을 이용하여 쿠니츠트립신인히비터, 렉틴 및 P34 단백질의 존재여부를 확인하였다. 녹색종피 및 자엽과 쿠니츠트립신인히비터, 렉틴, P34의 3가지 단백질이 모두 없는 triple null 유전자형 (titilelep34p34)을 가진 6개의 F2 종자가 선발되었다. F2 식물체 세대와 농업형질 평가를 통하여 한 개의 계통이 선발되었으며 F4 종자에서 3가지 단백질에 대한 유전적 고정을 확인하였다. 선발 계통의 경장은 73 cm 정도였으며 백립중은 19.5 g으로 중립에 속하였고 종피색은 녹색이고 제색은 검정색이며 성숙 자엽색은 녹색이었다. 본 연구를 통하여 선발된 계통은 성숙 콩 종실에서 품질과 기능성을 저하시키는 쿠니츠트립신인히비터, 렉틴, P34의 3가지 단백질이 모두 없으며 녹색종피와 자엽을 가진 유색콩 품종 육성을 위한 재료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

We conducted a field survey from 2018 to 2020 to analyze the spatial distribution of phytoplankton communities at 13 stations in the East Sea. The diatom Chaetoceros curvisetus appeared as the dominant species in winter, and small flagellates less than 20 μm prevailed in all seasons except winter. The seasonal average range of the micro (>20 μm), nano (20 μm≥Chl-a>3 μm), and picophytoplankton (≤3 μm) was 20.6-26.2%, 27.1-35.9%, and 40.8-49.0%, respectively. The composition ratio of nano and picophytoplankton was high at the surface mixed layer from spring to autumn when the water columns were strongly stratified. Especially, the stability of the water mass was increased when the summer surface water temperature was higher than that of the previous year. As a result, the nutrient inflow from the lower layer to the surface was reduced as the ocean stratification layer was strengthened. Therefore, the composition ratio of nano and picophytoplankton was the highest at 77.9% at the surface mixed layer. In conclusion, the structure of the phytoplankton community in the East Sea has been miniaturized, which is expected to form a complex microbial food web structure and lower the carbon transfer rate to the upper consumer stage.

Breakthrough analysis has widely been explored for the dynamic separation of gaseous mixtures in porous materials. In general, breakthrough experiments measure the components of a flowing gas when a gaseous mixture is injected into a column filled with an adsorbent material. In this paper, we report on the design and fabrication of a breakthrough curve measurement device to study the dynamic adsorptive separation of hydrogen isotopologues in porous materials. Using the designed system, an experiment was conducted involving a 1:1 mixture of hydrogen and deuterium passed through a column filled with zeolite 13X (1 g). At room temperature, both hydrogen and deuterium were adsorbed in negligible amounts; however, at a temperature of 77 K, deuterium was preferentially adsorbed over hydrogen. The selectivity was different from that in the existing literature due to the different sample shapes, measurement methods, and column structures, but was at a similar level to that of cryogenic distillation (1.5).

In this study, the vertical distribution of giant jellyfish analyzed echo counting method and such survey methods as sighting and trawl were used to compare its density estimates. In May and July 2021, surveys were conducted in the East China Sea and the coastal waters of Korea. As a result, Nemopilema nomurai were evenly distributed in all water layers in East China Sea in May and July. When considered the correlation by each survey methods, it is possible to identify jellyfish in the surface area by sighting method and using sampling net; however, it has a low correlation with acoustic estimates due to marine environmental factor such as weather condition, wind and atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the result can be utilized by basic data when estimating jellyfish’s distribution patterns and density estimates from each survey methods hereafter.

Deuterium is a crucial clean energy source required for nuclear fusion and is a future resource needed in various industries and scientific fields. However, it is not easy to enrich deuterium because the proportion of deuterium in the hydrogen mixture is scarce, at approximately 0.016%. Furthermore, the physical and chemical properties of the hydrogen mixture and deuterium are very similar. Therefore, the efficient separation of deuterium from hydrogen mixtures is often a significant challenge when using modern separation technologies. Recently, to effectively separate deuterium, studies utilizing the ‘Kinetic Quantum Sieving Effect (KQS)’ of porous materials are increasing. Therefore, in this review, two different strategies have been discussed for improving KQS efficiency for hydrogen isotope separation performance using nanoporous materials. One is the gating effect, which precisely controls the aperture locally by adjusting the temperature and pressure. The second is the breathing phenomenon, utilizing the volume change of the structure from closed system to open system. It has been reported that efficient hydrogen isotope separation is possible using these two methods, and each of these effects is described in detail in this review. In addition, a specific-isotope responsive system (e.g., 2nd breathing effect in MIL-53) has recently been discovered and is described here as well.

본 연구에서는 표준화된 곰피추출물의 항산화 및 콜레 스테롤 개선에 대한 효능평가를 통해 건강기능식품 소재로서의 가치를 검토하기 위해 총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드 및 dieckol 함량을 측정하였으며 DPPH, ABTS radical 소거능, reducing power 및 FRAP 활성을 통하여 곰피추 출물의 in vitro 항산화 활성을 조사하였고 표준화된 곰피 추출물의 HMG-CoA reductase 저해 활성 및 세포 내 콜레스테롤 생성 억제 효능을 평가하였다. 표준화된 곰피추출물의 총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드 및 dieckol 함량은 각각 9.64±0.04 mg GAE/g, 2.72±0.08 mg RE/g, 27.42±0.66 mg/g 으로 나타났다. 표준화된 곰피추출물의 in vitro 항산화활 성, HMG-CoA reductase 저해활성 및 세포 내 콜레스테롤 생성 억제 효능은 농도의존적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 이는 표준화된 곰피추출물에 함유되어 있는 페놀성 화합물에 기인된 효능으로 사료되며 항산화성분, 항산화 효과, 콜레스테를 개선 효능간의 상관관계가 있음을 확인 하였다. 향후, 표준화된 곰피추출물에 대한 in vivo 모델 에서의 전임상 연구 및 작용기전 입증되면 인체적용시험을 통해 이중기능성을 갖는 건강기능식품의 개발이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

Recently, various researches have been studied, such as water treatment, water reuse, and seawater desalination using CDI (Capacitive deionization) technology. Also, applications like MCDI (Membrane capacitive deionization), FCDI (Flow-capacitive deionization), and hybrid CDI have been actively studied. This study tried to investigate various factors by an experiment on the TDS (Total dissolved solids) removal characteristics using MCDI module in aqueous solution. As a result of the TDS concentration of feed water from 500 to 2,000 mg/L, the MCDI cell broke through faster when the higher TDS concentration. In the case of TDS concentration according to the various flow rate, 100 mL/min was stable. In addition, there was no significant difference in the desorption efficiency according to the TDS concentration and method of backwash water used for desorption. As a result of using concentrated water for desorption, stable adsorption efficiency was shown. In the case of the MCDI module, the ions of the bulk solution which is escaped from the MCDI cell to the spacer during the desorption process are more important than the concentration of ions during desorption. Therefore, the MCDI process can get a larger amount of treated water than the CDI process. Also, prepare a plan that can be operated insensitive to the TDS concentration of backwash water for desorption.