우리나라에서 뽕나무 및 과수의 주요 천공성해충으로 알려진 뽕나무하늘소의 지역별 분포, 알 과 부화유충의 크기 및 월동중 생존률, 그리고 월동태 등 생태적인 특성을 조사하였다. 7개도의 뽕밭에서 뽕나무하늘소의 분포를 조사한 결과 경기지역이 3.05%로 가장 높았고 경남지역은 0.28%로 가장 낮았다. 가지당 산란흔 수는 1가지에 1개가 87.7%로 가장 많았고, 산란흔의 크기는 평균 cm 였으며, 산란흔을 가지고 있는 가지의 지경은 평균 1.7cm 였다. 알의 크기는 단경 mm, 장경 mm로 긴 타원형이었으며, 무게는 mg 이었다. 부화유충은 체중이 mg, 체장은 mm로 유백색이었다. 유충의 가지내 이동방향은 아래쪽으로 이동하는 것이 야외사육의 경우 94.2%, 실내가지육에서는 87.9%로 대부분 아래쪽으로 이동하였다. 수집한 가지의 산란흔을 가지고 월동태를 조사한 결과 경기.경북지역에서 알의 비율이 유충비율보다 2~3배 많았으며 전북, 전남, 경남지역에서는 유충비율이 높았다. 월동후 유충의 생존율은 91.2%로 매우 높은 반면 알의 생존율은 6.6%로 상당히 낮게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 비록 낮은 비율이지만 뽕나무하늘소의 경우 알로도 월동함을 알 수 있었다.

The investigation was carried out to identify the main pathogen infected with sheath blight in corn plant during 1986-1987. The main fungi of sheath blight isolated from corn plant was identified as Rhizoctonia sobni. Sheath blight in corn plant was first

A two year's field experiment was conducted on newly reclaimed saline tidal lands to measure the effects of sand mulching on salinity of the soils and their relationship to crop performance. Hybrid sorghum cv. Pioneer 931 was grown under different mulchin

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 ladino clover(Trifolium repens L.)가 우점(優占)된 혼파초지(混播草地)에 제초제(除草劑) 사용(使用)이 식생구성(植生構成) 및 초지생산성(草地生産性)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)코자 축산시험장(畜産試驗場) 초지(草地) 시험포(試驗圃)에서 난괴법으로 4반복(反復)으로 1983~'85년간(年間) 실시(實施)되었다. 시험(試驗)에 사용(使用)된 공시초지(供試草地)는 클로버가 60~

본시험(本試驗)은 sudangrass의 Piper를 공시품종(供試品種)으로 하고 질소수준(窒素水準)을 20, 30 및 40kg/10a으로 하여 난괴법(亂魁法) 4반복(反復)으로 1984년(年) 축산시험장(畜産試驗場) 사료작물시험포(飼料作物試驗圃)에서 실시(實施)하였다. Sudangrass에 발생(發生)하는 주요(主要) 병원균(病原菌)을 분잡(分雜) 동정(同定)하고 이중 매문병(煤紋病)의 이병정도(罹病程度)에 따른 양적(量的) 및 질적손실(質的損失)을 연

가을 김장철에 일시적으로 생산되는 채소잎으로 품질이 좋은 양질 Silage를 생산하기 위하여 본 시험을 실시 하였으며 시험구를 6개구로 설치하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 1. 채소잎70%, 볏짚20,% 맥강10% 혼합구가 Silage질이 가장 좋았고 유기산 생성량도 많고 낙산 함량은 없었으며 타구에 비하여 가장 우수하였다. 2. 맥강을 첨가한구는 첨가치 않은 구에 비하여 기호성이 좋았고 조단백질 함량도 높았다. 3. 유기산 조성에의한 Silage품질은 총

Ricania sp. is a pest to many crops in Korea. This pest prefers fruit crops especially, blueberry and apple trees. We tested the possibility of Ricania sp. control using of methylcinnamate. In the laboratory bioassay, the mortality of methylcinnamate against Ricania sp. adult with 100 and 250 time diluted solution was 36.6% and 13.3% respectively. While repellent that the use of methylcinnamate resulted rate of 43.3% with 100 time diluted solution and 40.0% in 250 time diluted solution. Insecticidal and repellent effect in semifield bioassay were higher than those in laboratory bioassay. From this result, methylcinnamate might have synergic effect for Ricania sp. management. The result of this study showed a possibility of Ricania. sp. control using methylcinnamate.

본 연구는 왕우렁이의 생리․생태적 특성 및 논 잡초방제를 위하여 투입된 왕우렁이들의 집단패사 원인을 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 1983년 국내에 도입되어 양식과 논 잡초방제를 위하여 활용되고 있는 왕우렁이의 종(species)은 연체동물문(Mollusca), 복족강(Gastropoda), 중복족목(Mesogastropoda), Ampulariidae과, Pomacea속에 속하는 Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck이다. 왕우렁이의 생리․생태적 특성조사 결과 왕우렁이 성체들이 국내에서 월동되고 있으나 왕우렁이 알로는 월동되지 못하고 있다. 수컷과 암컷의 비율은 1:1.99~2.33배로 암컷의 구성비가 높았다. 생장량은 1일에 87.7 mg이었으며, 껍질은 각고가 0.31 mm, 각경이 0.33 mm씩 자랐다. 왕우렁이의 생장은 먹이의 조건 등에 따라서 차이가 있을 수 있으며, 매우 빠른 생장량을 나타내었다. 한편, 건조에 대한 저항성은 매우 강하여 3개월까지 생존율이 약 80%에 달하였다. 왕우렁이 서식에 따른 수질에 미치는 영향을 평가한 결과 다량의 서식 밀도에서는 약간의 영향을 줄 수는 있겠으나, 잡초방제를 위하여 투입되는 밀도에서는 전혀 영향이 없었다. 논 잡초방제를 위하여 벼 이앙초기에 투입되는 왕우렁이가 2~3일이내에 일시에 집단 패사되는 직접적인 원인은 미소생물인 패충류(참씨벌레)에 의하여 발생되지 않는 것으로 판명되었다. 다만 패충류 (참씨벌레)에 의하여 패사되는 비율은 밀도에 따라 2.86%와 5.71%로 매우 미미하였고, 통계적인 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 논 잡초방제를 위하여 투입된 왕우렁이들은 벼 이앙시기가 빨라지고, 일교차가 커지면서 추운 저온의 날씨로 인하여 논의 흙속으로 들어가서 죽거나 일부는 새의 먹이가 되어 사라지기 때문에 다량이 죽은 것으로 오해되었다.

This study was conducted to investigate farmers’ satisfaction in organic farming technologies developed by the Rural Development Administration (RDA). The survey targeted farmers who were eco-friendly or interested in eco-friendly agriculture. 70% of the target farmers were doing eco-friendly farming, and the satisfaction rate of the technology developed by the RDA was 3.85 points. The satisfaction of the farmers who participated in demonstration and demonstration of the farming field of the developed technology was 4.00 and the satisfaction level of organic farming instruction manual was 3.95. In addition, 38.4% of the surveyed areas were found to be pest control areas, and the impacts on the satisfaction of the organic cultivation related technology utilization and the satisfaction of the organic cultivation guide were analyzed. As a result, the RDA needs to develop and supply customized technology for aged small farmers.

The present study was conducted to investigate the developmental characteristics of Propylea japonica Thunberg (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae), a predator of aphids under laboratory conditions. The development times of the egg and immature stages of Propylea japonica were investigated at ten constant temperatures(15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, 35 and 38±1℃; 14L:10D; 60±5% RH). Development time was longest at 17.5℃. The developmental periods of P. japonica from the time of egg oviposited to adult emergence was 36.9 days at 17.5℃, and it decreased ash temperature increasing. Threshold temperature of development and degree days of the P. japonica from egg to adult were 11.9℃ and 196.0 respectively. The Briere 2 and Lactin 2 modes were best fitted for all development stages. The distribution of completion of each development stage was explain relatively well that 2-parameter, 3-parameter and Logistic model except egg and pupal stage.

The occurrence and management of disease and pests in six organic peach orchards were surveyed from March 2015 to March 2017. In this period, the number of certified organic and non-chemical peach farms increased to 65.5% and 31.7%, respectively. Certified organic peach farms were selected based on more than 4,000 ㎡ of cultivation area and three tons of production, and their cultivation status was examined. All of the farms were either cultivated green manure crop or sod, and limited vegetation control to a minimum. For the management of soil nutrients, many farmers used livestock manure, oilcake and self-manufacturing liquid fertilizer. It was surveyed that bordeaux mixture, lime sulfur, pheromone for mating disruption of moths and plant extract were used for disease and pest control. The damage caused by the pests and diseases were 31.6% and 24.1%, respectively. The oriental fruit moth showed the highest damage rate (13.5%) in the organic peach orchards, followed by the brown rot (13.0%), peach fruit moth (7.3%) and bacterial shot hole (7.3%).

본 연구는 유기농경지의 지속가능한 토양양분관리를 위해 유기농가의 자재의존도와 자 재에 의한 토양 특성변화를 알아보기 위하여 2016년 3월부터 6월까지 10년 이상 유기농을 실천한 토양의 화학적 특성과 함께 유기농가의 토양 관리를 위해 사용한 자재의 종류를 조 사하였다. 그 결과 유기농가에서는 토양 양분관리를 위해 주로 자가제조퇴․ 액비 및 시판자 재를 사용하고 있어 외부 투입자재의 사용빈도가 높음을 알 수 있었다. 그 중 57%는 가축 분뇨가 포함된 자재를 이용하여 토양관리를 하고 있었고 자재 성분분석 결과 가축분의 구 성 비율에 따라 자재의 성분함량이 다양하게 나타났다. 토양분석결과 10년 이상 유기농재 배를 한 지점의 양분함량은 대체로 높은 경향을 보였으며 농가에서 주로 사용하는 자재에 따라 토양 화학성이 차이가 나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 가축분퇴비를 주로 사용하는 농 가는 교환성 칼슘과 칼륨이 과잉 존재하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 시판자재 분석결과 부숙유 기질비료는 가축분의 종류와 비율에 따라 성분함량 차이가 크게 나타났다. 이러한 외부투 입자재에 의존한 토양관리는 토양 내 양분 불균형을 야기할 수 있다. 토양 내 양분 불균형 은 작물 생산성을 악화시키고 환경오염의 우려가 있어 농가 및 연구현장에서 이를 개선하 기 위한 노력이 필요하다. 농가수준에서 토양 양분관리를 위해 사용하기 용이한 시판 부숙 유기질비료의 성분함량을 고려한 신중한 투입이 필요하며, 또한 이러한 유기농경지에서의 양분 불균형 해소를 위해 집적된 양분의 이용률을 증대시키는 방안에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

The object of this study is about ‘how a place make meaning to people’. This study starts with understanding internal mechanism of generative meaning through following a blog as a case study. With Greimassian perspective, meaning is not fixed but is being made through trajectory; deep structure, surface structure and discoursive structure. And this kind of hermeneutic approach can provide better understanding with in-depth insight. As a result of the study, 4 main key findings are summarized as follows. At first, there is smallest meaning (seme) in a form of semiotic square in deep structure. Secondly, there is a story that visitor wants to acquire the value of place. Thirdly, this narrative is found in behavior and words of visitor. Finally, meaning is in dynamic process and people participate in it where meaning is generated.

This study was conducted to suggest implications of pest management system for agrarian improvement institute. We analyzed the informations about the pest management by listening to opinion of farmers and researchers including Rural Development Administration (RDA) and it’s affliated organization. In result, They evaluated that the agriculture development institutes very well progressed pest management researches in principle. However, some chronic bottleneck problems still existed such as pesticides resistant pests, lack of effective control methods. For designing proper direction, these problems should be considerated preferently.

Objective of this study was to investigate the difference of cadmium (Cd) levels in rice grains from non-polluted fields and to define the gene associated with Cd uptake for producing safety food. Cd was analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The average concentration of Cd in rice grains was 0.943 μg/kg and Cd levels ranged from 0.050 to 5.699 μg/kg. Genome-Wide Association study (GWAS) based on phenotype data for Cd levels was performed. However, results of GWAS were affected by subpopulation structure and caused false positive. Therefore, GWAS for rice ecotypes (temperate Japonica, tropical Japonica, Indica, Aus, Aromatic, and Admixture) was performed to minimize false positive. GWAS results showed that Os01g0611300, Os01g0611900, Os01g0611950, Os01g0612000, Os01g0612200, Os11g0444400, Os11g0444700, Os11g0444800, and Os11g0444900 genes have significant correlation with Cd levels in rice grains. The sequences of these genes were compared to sequence positions of each other gene (haplotype analysis). According to the results of haplotype analysis, Cd levels of non-synonymous group were higher than other groups and sequence of non-synonymous group was similar to that of Indica. These results were corresponding to the previous research result that Cd levels of Indica were higher than Japonica. Therefore, candidate genes detected through GWAS need to be examined by knock-out or cross breeding.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of organic vegetable cultivation on the soil physical properties in 33 farmlands under plastic greenhouse in Korea. We were investigated 5~8 farms per organic vegetable crops during the period from August to November 2014. The main cultivated vegetables were leafy lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), Perilla leaves (Perilla frutescens var. Japonica Hara), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), strawberry (Fragaria ananassa L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon spp.). We have analyzed soil physical properties. The measured soil physical parameters were soil plough layer, soil hardness, penetration resistance, three soil phase, bulk density and Porosity. The measurement of the soil plough layer, soil hardness and penetration resistance were carried out direct in the fields, and the samples for other parameters were taken using the soil core method with approximately 20 mm diameter core collected from each organic vegetable field. Soil plough layer was average 36 cm and ranged between 30 and 50 cm, and slightly different depending on the sorts of vegetable cultivation. The soil hardness was 0.17±0.15~1.34±1.02 in the topsoil, 0.55±0.34~1.15±0.62 in the subsoil. It was not different between topsoil and subsoil, but showed a statistically significant difference between the leafy and fruit vegetables. Penetrometer resistance is one of the important soil physical properties that can determine both root elongation and yield. The increase in density under leafy vegetables resulted in a higher soil penetrometer resistance. Soil is a three-component system comprised of solid, liquid, and gas phases distributed in a complex geometry that creates large solidliquid, liquid-gas, and gas-solid interfacial areas. The three soil phases were dynamicand typically changed in organic vegetable soils under greenhouse. Porosity was characterized as range of 54.2±2.2~60.3±2.4%. Most measured soils have bulk densities between 1.0 and 1.6 g cm-3. To summarize the above results, Soil plough layer has been deepened in organic vegetable cultivation soils. Solid hardness (the hardness of the soil) and bulk density (suitable for the soil unit mass) have been lowered. Porosity (soil spatial content) was high such as a well known in organic farmlands. Important changes were observed in the physical properties according to the different vegetable cultivation. We have demonstrated that the physical properties of organic cultivated soils under plastic greenhouse were improved in the results of this study.

The upland soils (56 samples) from organic farms in Gyeonggi-do (12 sites), Gangwon-do (8 sites), Chungcheong-do (14 sites), Gyeongsang-do (4 sites), Jeollado (18 sites) in Korea were collected and their physical and chemical properties were analyzed by RDA’s methods. In the results of physical property, the bulk density of soils averaged 1.14 Mg m-3 (surface soil), 1.38 Mg m-3 (subsoil), respectively. The porosity of them was 57%, 48%. Organically managed soil’s (OS) bulk density was lower than conventional soil’s but OS’s porosity was a little higher than conventionally managed soil in surface soil. The depth of plough layer in organically managed soils was 21.2 cm indicating that the organic farming had good effect on soil physical property. In the results of chemical property, the surface soil pH was 6.9 and the contents of organic matter (OM) was 26 g kg-1, available phosphate (Avail. P2O5) was 554 mg kg-1, exchangeable calcium (Exch. Ca) was 8.9 cmolc kg-1, exchangeable potassium (Exch. K) was 0.89 cmolc kg-1, exchangeable magnesium (Exch. Mg) was 2.0 cmolc kg-1. The subsoil pH was 6.8 and the contents of OM was 21 g kg-1, avail. P2O5 was 491 mg kg-1, exch. Ca was 7.9 cmolc kg-1, exch. K was 0.68 cmolc kg-1, exch. Mg was 1.8 cmolc kg-1. The nutrient accumulation emerged in organic farming. Compared to the optimum nutrient range for the conventional upland soils, the exceed rate of pH, OM, available phosphate, and exchangeable Ca, K, and Mg was 79, 52, 64, 84, 66% and 55%, respectively, which mainly resulted from the over-application of lime materials or livestock manure compost. With these results it is suggested thatorganic farm need to reduce the use of inputs, which make soil alkalification or nutrient accumulation. More study on effects of inputs on lowering soil pH from alkalification could help organically managed soil to be improved.

The potential of nitrogen mineralization was studied by applying organic fertilizer to soil and incubating at 25℃ for 28 weeks. The organic fertilizers used in this experiment were oil-cake (CF-Ⅰ, CF-Ⅱ) and amino acid fertilizer (AAF-Ⅰ, AAF- Ⅱ). Accumulated mineralized nitrogen (N) fits the frist-order kinetics during incubation. The N mineralization potential (No) for organic fertilizers treated soil was highest at AAF-Ⅱ treatment with a value of 27.71 N mg/100g, then followed by CF-Ⅱ, AAF-Ⅰ, CF-Ⅰ. The pure N mineralization potential (N0 treatment - N0 control) for CF-Ⅰ, CF-Ⅱ, AAF-Ⅰ, AAF-Ⅱ were 2.55, 5.83, 3.66, 8.57 N mg/ 100g, respectively. The amount of N mineralized from organic fertilizers applied soil ranged from 46% to 61% of the total N content in organic fertilizer. The half-life (t1/2) of organic nitrogen in soil treated with oil-cake and amino acid fertilizer was 17-21 days. Therefore, half of nitrogen contained in oil-cake and amino acid fertilizer was mineralized after 3 weeks application.