Sprague-Dawley 흰쥐에 고지방식이로 6주간 식이하면서 천궁 열추출액을 경구투여하여 혈장 중 GOT, GPT 및 LDH 활성과 지방의 분해와 합성에 관여하는 코티졸과 인슐린의 함량을 측정하였다. 또한 지방침착억제효과를 광학현미경으로 관찰하였다. GOT, GPT 및 LDH의 활성은 정상군보다 높았으나 대조군보다 낮았으며 현미경 관찰을 통하여 지방간이 약간 개선되고 있음을 나타내어 천궁의 투여가 고지방식이에 의한 비만유발의 개선효과의 경향을 나타내었다.

Background : Stevia rebaudiana (Asteraceae), a perennial plant, has been used as a low caloric sweetener and therapeutic agent for diabetes, hypertension, myocardial, and antimicrobial infections. It has been commonly used leaves and stems because of their high anti-oxidative potential. The present research was carried out to explore anti-oxidative and anti-melanogenic effects of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni flos in B16F10 cells. Methods and Results : Anti-oxidant activity of Stevia flos extract (SFE) was determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging method, and reducing power method. The results showed that the total phenolic content of SFE was 63.154 ± 0.0002 ㎍·QE/100㎎ and the total flavonoid was 8.64 1 ± 0.002 ㎍·GAE/100㎎. SFE exhibited a big significant effect on NO radical scavenging activity (IC50: 179.6 ㎍/㎖) comparing with standard ascorbic acid (IC50: 368.6 ㎍/㎖), and showed concentration dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50: 131.8 ㎍/㎖). Anti-melanogenic effect of SFE was also examined with B16F10 melanocytes. The amount of melanin synthesis followed by α-melanocyte stimulating hormone on B16F10 cells were significantly reduced in the presence of SFE treatment (p < 0.05). SFE also suppressed the tyrosinase activity (p < 0.05) and α-glucosidase activity (p < 0.05). Conclusion : These results provide evidence Stevia rebaudiana flos has an antioxidant potency and can be used as an anti-melanogenic agent.

토사유출에 대한 자료는 극히 제한되어 있으며 이에 대한 관측지점 또한 대하천에 국한되어 있다. 더욱이 대하천 하류의 해안부근 유사량 자료는 전무한 실정이다. 본 연구는 지속적인 토사유입으로 인하여 그 면적이 줄어들고 있는 동해안의 석호인 유역면적 8.2km²의 향호를 대상으로 토사량 유출량을 계산하여 유호성을 검증하였다. 그 결과 향호로 유입되는 비유사량은 약 280 t/km²/yr 이었으며 유사전달률은 약 0.78이었다. 본 접근방법은 현재 육역화가 대부분 진행되어 있는 동해안 석호의 토사유입 과정을 유추하는데 유효한 자료가 될 것으로 기대한다.

기후변화 조건에서 강우량 특성치 전망들은 도심지 폭우재해에 큰 우려를 낳고 있다. 폭우재해란 도시의 배수능을 크게 상회하는 집중호우에 의해 침수가 발생하여 주민, 주거지, 자산 및 경제활동 등을 위협하는 현상으로 설명할 수 있다. 폭우재해로 인한 직 · 간접적 피해를 중장기적으로 예방하기 위해서는 저류기능 부여, 침투능 향상, 우수유출 분산 · 지연 등 전통적 방재대책과 더불어 도시 기반시설(공원, 녹지, 광장, 도로 등) 개발입지와 토지이용 규제를 강화하는 대책들을 도시계획으로 메인스트리밍 (mainstreaming)할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 유역을 폭우재해 피해지점 또는 침수발생 유역의 하류지점으로 설명되는 재해발생지점 (Point), 잠재적인 침수발생이 가능한 지역으로 분석되는 재해직접영향권 (Site), 침수발생을 최소화하기 위해 종합적 도시계획 수립이 가능한 지역인 재해간접영향권(Region)으로 구분하였다. 이 개념을 토대로 Point, Site, Region을 체계적으로 도출하기 위한 ‘분석모듈’과 구조적 비구조적 재해저감대안들의 효과를 분석하기 위한 ‘계획모듈’을 구축하여, 최종적으로 GIS 기반의 Urban PSR System을 개발하였다. 본 논문에서는 개발된 시스템에 대해 2011년 홍수피해가 심각했었던 서울 한강 이남지역을 대상으로 적용성과 유용성을 검토코자 한다.

This study was to investigate characteristics of Seoho watershed in Suwon city. BOD5 and SS were selected due to the one of the important factors of the water qualities. Monitoring was conducted monthly for four years during the non-rainfall time. Also, we have been monitored BOD5, CODMn, SS, TN and TP with two times sampling after the rainfalls. The highest concentrations of BOD5 and SS were observed in downstream compare with upstream and midstream during the non-rainfall time. No change was observed in BOD5 and CODMn during the non-rainfall time and after the rainfalls. The monitoring result indicated that the concentration of SS was the highest in downstream after the rainfalls. We have collected the samples two times after the rainfalls. The rainfall intensity in first sampling was two times higher than second sampling. TN and TP concentrations were increased with increasing the rainfall intensity at all stream. The ESB (Ecological Score of Benthic macroinverterbrate community) index was used to evaluate the statement of stream. ESB results were identified that the upstream is protected waters and the down and midstream is reformed waters. EBS analysis results indicated that the Seoho watershed was β-mesosaprobic at all stream.

This study was to investigate the runoff characteristics of non-point pollutants source at the urban area in Suwon city. The highest T-N and T-P concentration of rainfall runoff observed in agricultural area. In residential area, the highest BOD5 and SS concentration of rainfall runoff was investigated. During rainfall events, the peak concentrations of SS and BOD5 were observed after 1~2 hours of rainfall in urban area. Whereas, the peak concentrations occurred within 1~2 hours after rainfall and then the highest concentrations of SS and BOD5 sharply decreased, showing strong first flush effect in urban area. The EMC results indicated that the highest value of T-N and T-P in agricultural area was observed. While residential area was shown the lowest EMC value as T-N and T-P. Non-point pollutant loads on the land use types in urban area were investigated in the order of residential>industrial>agricultural>highway. BOD5 and SS loads on urban watershed were investigated in the order of Suwon>Hwangguji>Seoho>Wonchunri. Whereas, T-N and T-P loads on urban watershed were investigated in the order of Hwangguji>Suwon>Wonchunri>Seho.

Diverse studies are being conducted on sewage sludge treatment and recycling methods, but the demand for a lowcost treatment technology is high because the sewage sludge has an 80% or higher water content and a high energy consumption cost. For this purpose, the waste volume can be reduced and solid fuel can be obtained from the Thermal Hydrolysis Reaction (THR) that consumes a small amount of energy. The experiment was conducted at a reaction temperature of 170-220oC and maintain for 1 hour at the final temperature. According to the Capillary Suction Time (CST) and Time to Filter (TTF) evaluation, the dewater ability was good after the temperature reached 200oC and did not significantly differ at the 200oC and higher reaction temperatures. The heating value of the dehydrated solid product was 3,800-4,200 kcal/kg, and its yield rate decreased from approximately 80% to 60% with the increase in the reaction temperature. To evaluate the efficiency of anaerobic digestion, the water quality of the liquid product was analyzed based on the reaction temperature. At the temperatures of 200oC and higher, the concentration of ammonia, which increases the pH and hinders anaerobic digestion rapidly increased. From the overall evaluation of the dehydrating efficiency, solid fuel quality, and anaerobic digestion efficiency during the thermal hydrolysis of sewage sludge, it is concluded that the optimal operating temperature is 200oC.

초등학교 미술 교육과정은 미적체험을 통해 자신의 시각 세계에 좀 더 논리적이고 분석적으로 사고하고 반응할 수 있는 능력과 태도를 기를 것을 강조하고 있다. 그러나 현재의 미적체험활동은 표현을 위한 도입단계에서 벗어나지 못하고 있으며, 내용 자체도 자연미와 조형미 감상에 국한되어 있다. 이에 본 연구는 미적체험의 미학적 접근을 통해 초등 미술 교육에 이바지 하고자하는 필요성에서 시작되었다. 이를 위해 우선 미학과 미적체험의 의미를 문헌 연구를 통해 살펴보고, 초등 미술 교육에서 미학적 접근의 필요성을 제시하였다. 그리고 초등 미술 교육에서 미학적 접근의 방향을 정한 후, 이를 바탕으로 한 접근 방안의 예로 미술의 개념 이해를 위한 학습 지도 계획을 제시하였다. 이런 시도를 통하여 초등 미술 교육이 학생들의 비판적 사고력과 창의성 향상에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.