부산지역에서 PM10 과 PM2.5중의 금속 성분 농도를 파악하기 위하여 2004년 3월부터 2004년 12월까지 조사하였다. PM10의 평균농도는 58.2μg/m3 농도범위는 8.3~161.1μg/m3이었으며, PM2.5의 평균농도는 29.3μg/m3, 농도범위는 2.8~65.3μg/m3였다. PM10의 평균 질량농도는 황사시 121.5μg/m3, 비황사시 56.0μg/m3로 나타났다. 10 이상의 지각농축계수를 보인 성분은 Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb 및 Zn로서 인위적기원을 받은 것으로 추정된다. PM10과 PM2.5 중 미량금속 성분의 지각농축계수는 황사시보다 비황사시에 높게 나타났으며, 인근의 공단지역으로부터 인위적 오염물질이 수송된 것으로 추정된다. PM10과 PM2.5의 토양입자의 평균 기여율은 각각 15.2%와17.5%였다. 토양기여율의 황사/비황사비는 PM10과 PM2.5에서 각각 1.9와 2.1로 나타났다.

This study is to provide information in the development of energy conservation technologies by means of technological demand survey covering energy market and industrial field among energy-related technologies. For this purpose, we check both the present state of energy technologies and trends of social change in Korea, and then combine social needs with major, bottleneck, and essential technologies required for the future. The range of this study covers the field of industry, kiln, furnace, metal, building, transport, and electricity. For case study, valid 120 companies among the 500 companies selected randomly in the energy data-base of Korea institute of energy research (KIER) are considered.

Phosphamidon의 가수분해속도상수는 25。C, pH 4, 7 및 9에서 각각 0.0020, 0.0022 및 0.0049이었고, 40。C에서 각각 0.0040, 0.0050및 0.0150으로 측정되었다 같은 pH에서 온도가 높을수록 촉진되었으며, pH 9의 염기성조건에서는 15。C상승에 반감기가 약 3배 정도 빨랐다. 또한 같은 온도에서 산성(pH 4)과 중성조건(pH 7)에 비해 염기성조건에서 가수분해반응이 약 2∼4배 정도 빨랐다. Profenofos의 가수분해속도상수는 25。C, pH 4, 7 및 9에서 각각 0.0022, 0.0047 및 0.0860이었고, 40。C에서 각각 0.0031, 0.0086 및 0.1245로 측정되었다. Profenofos의 가수분해는 phosphamidon과 마찬가지로 같은 pH에서 온도가 높을수록 촉진되었으며, 같은 온도에서 산성과 중성조건에 비해 염기성조건에서 가수분해반응이 약 15∼40배 정도 빨랐고 반감기가 모두 8시간 이내로 가수분해반응이 현저하게 일어났다. Profenofos의 가수분해속도가 phosphamidon보다 빠른 것을 알 수 있었다. 가수분해에 의한 분해산물을 확인하고자 GC/MS분석을 한 결과 phosphamidon의 분해생성물은 m/z=153의 O, O-dimethyl phosphate(DMP)와 m/z=149의 N, N-diethylchloro acetamide로 추정된다. Profenofos의 분해생성물은 m/z=208로 4-bromo 2-chloro phenol과 m/z=240으로 O-ethyl S-propyl phosphate로 추정된다.

The possible effects of 10% carbohydrate containting diets on the serum glucose and lipids values were studied with normal and alloxan - diabetic male rats for a period of 28 days. The diets were supplemented with either glucose, cornstarch or sucrose, fructose or the basal diet containing no added carbohy drates. After this period, 3 to 4 rats among the each group were killed and samples of serum, liver, spleen and kidney were collected. The others were rendered diabetic by the intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (190mg/wtkg). Then original feeding scedule was continued for 3 days in all five diabetic groups, before the collection of tissue samples and serum. Feeding the nondiabetic rats with glucose and fructose delayed the bodyweight development relatively compared with nonsugar group. The weight deductions after alloxan injection were similar in all feeding groups. All diabetic animals exhibited increased blood glucose triglceride levels but almost unchanged total cholesterol values. Blood glucose values for nondiabetic rats were normal ranges, and then glucose feeding group was the highest. Total - cholesterol values were the highest in nondiabetic rats fed glucose, fructose and in diabetics fed sucrose, glucose. Triglyceride values were the highest in nondiabetic rats fed sucrose, and no difference in diabetic rats. Some cornstarch group exhibited fatty-livers in diabetic and nondiabetic, and more studies need.

Currently in the drought evaluation, which is a supplier-oriented standard that applies storage rates of reservoirs, evaluation for users that use agricultural water is not done. Therefore, this study established drought evaluation items for drought evaluation based on farmers' judgement, conducted a survey on farmers and experts, compared and analyzed weighted value between two groups, and then classified the evaluation standards per each evaluation item. The agricultural drought evaluation items are 5 major items of water supply lapse rate, agricultural weather, agricultural irrigation facility, crop and soil, and 12 subsections for regional characteristics and opinions of consumers that use water to be reflected. The result of analyzing weighted value of farmers and experts' major items shows that farmers is agricultural irrigation facility(0.219), water supply lapse rate(0.211), agricultural weather(0.204), crop(0.183) and soil(0.183). Experts is agricultural weather(0.297), agricultural irrigation facility(0.202), water supply lapse rate(0.189), crop(0.162) and soil(0.150), which displays difference between the two groups. The agricultural drought criteria standards are established based on precedent studies and cases, and grades of evaluation items are 1st grade(extreme stage), 2nd grade(warning stage), 3rd grade(alert stage) and 4th grade(attention stage). The above analysis per each consumer-oriented agricultural drought evaluation item and the analysis on the standards of evaluation grades are expected to be used as a basic resource for establishing agriculture drought policy and selecting drought area in the future.

The Ponciri fructus immaturus (Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque) has been used in oriental medicine for uterinecontraction, stomachache, abdominal distension and cardiovascular diseases. Two main compounds, poncirin and naringinwere successfully analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and carried out method validation accordingto ICH guideline. A successful resolution and retention times were obtained with a C18 reversed phase column, at an 1㎖min−¹ flow rate, with a gradient elution of a mixture of methanol, water and acetonitrile. Poncirin and naringin showed goodlinearity (R²>0.999) in relatively wide concentration ranged. The recovery of each compound was 95.81~101.48% withR.S.D. values less than 1.0%. The application of ultrasound-assisted extraction was shown to be more efficient in extractingponcirin and naringin from Ponciri fructus immaturus. The predicted optimal poncirin and naringin yield were poncirin2.15%, naringin 1.65% under an extraction temperature of 40℃, an extraction time of 10 min in a solvent of 70% methanol.

This study was conducted to investigate the residual contents of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in commercial medicinal herbs in Korea in 2012. Among a total of 136 samples of 16 different kinds of herbs, 86 samples (15 Kinds) were domestic, and 50 samples (14 Kinds) were imported. Sulfur dioxide in the samples was measured by a modified Monier-Williams method. Of the 136 samples, 17 samples (12.5%, 6 Kinds) failed to meet the regulations for sulfur dioxide residues of KFDA in medicinal herbs. Among 17 unsuitable samples, 7 samples (8.1%, 3 Kinds) were domestic, and 10 samples (20.0%, 6 Kinds) were imported. The highest amount of sulfur dioxide residues was 3,167.94 mg/kg (Lycii Fructus) in the domestic samples. The detection frequency of sulfur dioxide by medicinal herb parts used, Rhizoma 25.7%, Flos 20.0%. Cortex 12.5%, Radix 15.3%, Fructus 7.6%, p-value 0.011. This results will be used as a basic data for the future legislation on the quality estimation and safety of medicinal herbs.

This study was conducted to determine the contents of heavy metal in commercial herbal medicines. The monitoring of lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury was carried out on 100 samples with 10 kinds of herbal medicines. The contents of heavy metal were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and mercury analyzer. The mean values of heavy metal contents for herbal medicines were Pb 1.87 mg/kg, As 0.39 mg/kg, Cd 0.26 mg/kg and Hg 0.021 mg/kg. Of the total samples, 19 samples (19%, 4 types) were violated the KFDA regulatory guidance of heavy metal in herbal medicines (9 samples on Pb, 10 samples on Cd). Among these 19 unsuitable samples, 16 samples were domestic and 3 samples were imported. Therefore, we need continuously monitoring to ensure confidence and safety for these herbal medicines.

최근, 저온 장시간 발효된 묵은지에 대한 소비가 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는, 저온()에서 46주 동안 발효된 묵은지의 pH, 산도, 유기산, 생균수, 아미노산, polygalacturonase (PG) 활성 등을 분석하였다. 10주 발효한 김치에서는 pH 4.1, 산도 0.99%를 나타낸 반면, 46주 발효한 김치에서는 pH 3.9, 산도 1.29%를 보였다. 한편, 10주에서 46주로 발효 기간이 증가하면서, 젖산, 젖산/초산비, Lacto

사과와 해당화의 혼합비율을 4가지로 달리하여 제조후에 14일 동안의 발효와 다시 14일 동안의 숙성기간을 거쳐서 사과.해당화주를 만들었다. 4가지 그룹에서 발효와 숙성중에 에탄올 함량에서 유의적인 차이는 없었으며, 최종적인 에탄올 함량은 으로 나타났다. 4가지 그룹에서 최종제품은 각각 , pH , 산도 를 보였다. 해당화즙의 첨가는 사과주의 anthocyanin 함량, 색도를 강화시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 관능검사에서는 유의적인 차

Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque has been used as the immature fruit of the trifoliate orange tree. This study was carried out to investigate the quality change of Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque depending on packing materials (vacuum packing, PP (polypropylene) packing, gunny sack packing), storage places and storage periods up to 12 months. The change of loss on drying content, content of poncirin were measured during the 12 months. As a result, the loss on drying content was decreased rapidly in gunny sack packing after storage of 12 months at room temperature. The content of poncirin was decreased generally according to storage conditions and its average loss percent was 38.8%.

This study was investigated that quality inspection of distributed Scutellariae Radix in Korea. To evaluate the quality of these herbal medicines, we carried out TLC pattern, foreign matter in purity, loss on drying, ash, acid-insoluble ash, oil content, dilute ethanol-soluble, water-soluble, ether-soluble extracts contents, quantitative analyses, residual SO2, individual heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides. To measure contents of baicalin, baicalein and wogonin, we were quantitative analyzed using HPLC. The average contents of baicalin, baicalein and wogonin were detected by 13.28 (±0.43)%, 1.17 (±0.04)% and 0.40 (±0.02)%, respectively. Each average contents As, Cd, Hg and Pb was 0.059 (±0.054) mg · kg-1, 0.019 (±0.010) mg · kg-1, 0.017 (±0.057) ppm and 0.242 (±0.084) mg · kg-1, respectively.

인공우주물체는 출현 시간이 비교적 짧고 운동 특성이 고정적이지 않기 때문에 한 번의 관측으로 측광 및 분광 데이터를 획득하기 어렵다. 따라서 인공우주물체의 측광 및 분광 동시 관측을 위해서 경희대학교 인공위성 추적 및 관측시스템에 다중 광학계를 탑재할 수 있는 가대를 설계하였다. 이 연구에서 구조해석을 통해 다중 광학계 탑재 시에 개조된 가대의 변형을 계산하고 인공우주물체 추적 및 관측 시 발생할 수 있는 가대의 지향오차를 추론하여 관측시야에서 인공우주물체를 안정적으로 추적할 수 있음을 보였다. 또한 등가응력 해석을 수행하여 가대의 구조적 안전성을 확인하였다.