‘영호진미’는 쌀의 외관과 밥맛이 양호한 고품질 벼를 육성하고자 ‘03/'04 동계에 밥맛이 우수한 양질미 히또메보레와단간이면서 내병성이 양호한 주남벼를 부본으로 인공교배하여 육성하였다. 그후에는 조기에 고정된 계통을 얻고자 약배양을 실시하였으며, YR24733Acp10 계통을 선발하여 밀양228호의 계통명을 부여하였다. 07~’09년 3개년간 지역적응시험결과 우수성이 인정되어 농작물 직무육성 신품종 선정위원회에서 국가목록 등재 품종으로 선정되었다. ‘영호진미’는 영남평야 1모작지에 적응성이 높은 중만생 고품질 벼 품종이다.‘영호진미’의 출수기는 남부평야지와 남부 및 서남부해안지보통기재배에서 8월 21일로 ‘남평벼’보다 5일 늦은 중만생종품종이다. 간장과 수당립수는 ‘남평벼’보다 적은 편이고 현미천립중은 ‘남평벼’보다 약간 무거운 편이다. 도정특성은 ‘남평벼’와 비슷한 편이고 단백질함량은 ‘남평벼’보다 낮고 밥맛은 양호한 편이다. 불시출수는 없으며, 수발아는 ‘남평벼’와비슷하였으며, 내냉성은 중정도이고 냉수구 출수지연일수가긴 편이다. 잎도열병 밭못자리 검정 결과 약한 반응을 보였고,흰잎마름병에는 레이스 K1, K2, K3에는 저항성이지만 K3a에는 이병성이다. 줄무늬잎마름병에는 저항성이지만 오갈병과검은줄오갈병에는 약하고 벼멸구 등 해충에도 약하다. ‘영호진미’는 영호남 평야지 1모작 적응 품종으로, 수량성은 2007년부터 2009년까지 3년간 실시한 지역적응시험 결과 남부 및남서 해안지와 호남평야지, 영남평야지의 보통기 보비재배 10개소에서 5.44 MT/ha로 ‘남평벼’보다 3% 감수되었다.

국내 주요 해충인 끝동매미충에 대한 저항성 품종‘청남’은 ‘기누히까리’와 ‘밀양189호’를 각각 모본과 부본으로 인공교배 한 후 약배양으로 육성하였으며, 주요 연구결과는 아래와 같다. 출수기는 평야지 보통기 재배에서 8월 11일로 중생종이며 수당립수는 ‘남평벼’보다 적은 편이고 현미천립중은 무거운 편이다. 불시출수는 발생하지 않았으며, 수발아는 ‘남평벼’보다 약간 높은 편이고, 포장도복은 없었으며, 내냉성은 ‘남평벼’와 비슷하다. 잎도열병 밭못자리 검정 중 정도 저항성을 보였으며, 줄무늬잎마름병과 흰잎마름병(K1, K2, K3)에는 강하며, 바이러스병을 매개하는 끝동매미충에 저항성으로 오갈병에 포장저항성을 나타낸다. 검은줄오갈병에 약하고 벼멸구 등 충해에는 감수성이다. ‘청남’의 끝동매미충 유전분석을 수행한 결과 1개의 단순우성유전자에 의해 지배됨을 확인하였다. ‘청남’의 쌀은 맑고 투명하며 완전미율이 높았으며, 밥맛은 양호한 편이다. ‘청남’의 수량성은 2007년부터 2009년까지 3년간 실시한 지역적응시험 보통기 보비재배 11개소에서 5.43 MT/ha, 이모작재배에서는 5.00 MT/ha, 만식재배에서는 5.18 MT/ha이었다.

Rice is a staple food for more than 50% of the world's population. Embryo comprises only 2 to 3% of the weight distribution of the entire pericarp but has higher concentration of vitamins, proteins, and essential fatty acids than the other parts of grains. Moreover, α-tocoperol, γ-oryzanol, phytic acid and γ-aminobutric acid that have nutraceutical value are abundant. Increasing the volume of embryo assures the fortification of nutritional value of rice grain. We developed new black waxy giant embryo rice, Milyang 263 by crossing Josaengheugchal, a black waxy rice variety, and get, a giant embryo mutant generated by tissue culture. The nutrient contents and physical properties of Milyang 263 were compared with several giant embryo mutants and normal embryo rice varieties. Changes in the nutrient properties after germination were also observed. Results indicated that this new black waxy giant embryo rice, Milyang 263, offers a promising source for improving nutritional quality of rice especially anthocyanin, essential minerals, and GABA.

Rice blast resistance is considered one of the most important traits in rice breeding and the disease, caused by Magnaporthe grisea Barr, has brought significant crop losses annually. Moreover, breakdown of resistance normally occurs in two to five years after cultivar release, thus a more durable resistance is needed for better control of this disease. We developed a new variety, Keumo3, which showed strong resistance to leaf blast. It was tested in 2003 to 2007 at fourteen blast nursery sites covering entire rice-growing regions of South Korea. It showed resistance reactions in 12 regions and moderate in 2 regions without showing susceptible reactions. Durability test by sequential planting method indicated that this variety had better resistance. Results showed that Keumo3 was incompatible against 19 blast isolates with the exception of KI101 by artificial inoculation. To understand the genetic control of blast resistance in rice cultivar Keumo3 and facilitate its utilization, recombinant inbred lines (RIL) consisting of 290 F5 lines derived from Akidagomachi/Keumo3 were analyzed and genotyped with Pizt InDel marker zt56591. The recombination value between the marker allele of zt56591 and bioassay data of blast nursery test was 1.1%. These results indicated that MAS can be applied in selecting breeding populations for blast resistance using zt56591 as DNA marker.

Many important traits have been tagged allowing plant breeders to apply marker assisted selection (MAS) in rice. PCR itself is simple to set up, and requires little hands-on time. However, a crucial limiting step of MAS programs is the reliable and efficient extraction of DNA which can be performed on thousands of individuals. In this study, We describe a modification of the DNA extraction method, in which cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is used to extract DNA from leaf tissues for suitable MAS in rice. We followed the standard 2% CTAB extraction method in all the procedure. In addition we used the 1.2 ml 8-strip tube instead of 1.5 ml E-tubes to fit the 8-multichannel pipette and employ the 96 well plate to use the swing bucket centrifuge. Our modified CTAB DNA extraction method offers several advantages with respect to traditional and simple methods. 1) adult leaf samples collected in paddy field are applicable. 2) 96 leaf samples can be homogenized only one-time by using tungsten carbonate bead and 96well block. 3) semiautomatic loading method using 8-multichannel pipette from DNA extraction to electrophoresis of PCR products. 4) our system can extract about 400 leaf samples per day by only one technicion. Therefore, this method could be useful for marker assisted breeding in rice.

It is important to understand pedigree of rice cultivars commonly used for breeding. In this paper, pedigree tables for tracking the pedigree of 17 representative rice cultivars recommended by Rural development Adminstration (RDA) were completed and analyzed using two kinds of web database system; 'IRIS' and 'RRDB'. Seven cultivars, namely, 'Sangmibyeo', 'Ilpumbyeo', 'Saegewhabyeo', 'Surabyeo', 'Shindongjinbyeo', 'Ilmibyeo' and 'Jungwhabyeo' had 'Koshihikari' on the pedigree of their ancestor. Besides 'Koshihikari', the most feguently used ancestral germplasms among the high quality rice cultivars were 'Fujisaka 5', 'Kameno o' and 'Asahi', 'Fujisaka 5' was used as ancestral parent in 12 out of 17 cultivars. Interestingly, 'Kameno o' was used in pedigree of 16 out of 17 high quality varieties and 'Asahi' was used in the ancestral pedigree of all 17 varieties. 'Hwayeongbyeo' was used as one of parent in the breeding of 'Dongjin 1', 'Hwabongbyeo', 'Saegewhabyeo' and 'Junambyeo'. 'Ilpumbyeo' was used in the breeding pathway of 'Junambyeo' and 'Saegewhabyeo', 'Mangeumbyeo' itself was not enlisted as one of high quality rice cultivars, but was used as a breeding parent of three high quality varieties, namely, 'Saegewhabyeo', 'Hwabongbyeo' and 'Nampyeongbyeo'. Incorporated with evaluation data, pedigree will provide a valuable chance to genealogical tracking of agronomic traits such as disease resistance, grain quality and etc.

Low temperature is one of the most severe abiotic stress factors limiting growth, productivity and distribution of winter cereals. Reliable field screening method, which can detect small differences in winter survival, is important for the effective selection and development of plants to identity superior cold tolerant winter cereal genotypes. This study was undertaken to provide improved screening method of winter hardiness in the field by increasing the accuracy in evaluating winter hardiness of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We introduced furrow in field screening of winter survival. By sowing the plants at the ridge and base, we could minimize the effect of topographic variation in a field by giving higher and lower level of stress at the same time. This method could be used by breeders to conduct accurate evaluation of winter hardiness by selecting the better treatment, which shows close to normal distribution, among the winter survival rate from the ridge, base and mean survival rate of the two in a screening field.