목적 : 본 연구에서는 다양한 방법의 시각적 수행을 실시하는 시기능 훈련에 있어서 원, 근거리 외사위를 가진 남녀의 시기능훈련 전, 후 성별 차이에 따른 주시시차에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 대상자는 20대의 성인 남녀 총 30 명으로 교정시력은 양안 1.0 이상이며 사시자는 실험에서 제외되었 다. 시기능훈련 전, 후 양안시기능 검사와 주시시차 검사를 실시하였고 그 중 외사위를 가진 대상자의 시기능훈련 전, 후 외사위량 감소와 주시시차의 향상도를 남녀 성별에 따라 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 원거리 시기능훈련 전, 후 남녀(남자: 11명, 여자: 16명)에 따른 외사위 감소량은 남자일 때 시기능훈련 후 외사위량이 1.50±0.79Δ으로 유의하게 감소하였고(p=0.046), 여자일 때 시기능훈련 후 외사위량이 1.56±0.50Δ 으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p=0.005). 반면, 주시시차에서 남자는 6.70±2.29로 유의한 감소를 보였으나(p=0.042), 여자의 경우 3.49±0.89로 유의한 감소는 없었다(p=0.655). 근거리 시기능훈련 전, 후 남녀(남자: 14명, 여자: 14명) 에 따른 외사위 감소량은 남자일 때 시기능훈련 후 외사위량이 5.50±1.56Δ으로 유의하게 감소하였고(p=0.036), 여자일 때 시기능훈련 후 외사위량이 4.28±0.88Δ으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p=0.004). 반면, 주시시차 검사에서 남자는 4.96±1.03으로 유의한 감소를 보였으나(p=0.031), 여자의 경우 3.37±0.92로 유의한 감소는 없었다 (p=0.655). 결론 : 남녀 성별에 따른 외사위의 주시시차는 시기능 훈련 후 여성보다 남성에서 주시시차가 감소되었음을 유 의미하게 확인할 수 있었다.

목적 : 본 연구에서는 시기능훈련 전, 후의 Big5 성격(외향성, 우호성, 성실성, 신경증, 개방성)의 차이와 시기 능훈련의 향상도를 분석하였다. 방법 : 교정시력 1.0 이상의 20대 성인 남녀 42명을 대상으로 시기능훈련 전, 후의 양안시검사(포롭터CV-5000, TOPCON, JAPAN이용)와 Big5 성격검사(25문항 5점 척도)를 실시하고, 양안시 이상 분류에 따라 개인별 시기능 훈련 도구(Bernell. USA)를 선정하여 시기능훈련을 실시하였다. 결과 : Mogan’s 기준 범위내군과 범위외군의 시기능훈련 전, 후의 Big5 성격의 차이를 분석한 결과, 범위내군에서 외향성은 폭주근점(p=0.041), 융합용이성(p=0.027), -100그래디언트(p=0.048)으로 시기능훈련 전 보다 시 기능훈련 후 외향성 점수가 모두 유의하게 높게 나타났으며, 우호성은 원거리사위도(p=0.038), 원거리 음성융합버전스 회복점(p=0.010), 원거리 양성융합버전스 흐린점(p=0.027), 원거리 양성융합버전스 분리점(p=0.029), 근거 리사위도(p=0.025), 그래디언트 AC/A비(p=0.019), 융합용이성(p=0.025), 조절랙(p=0.019), 우안조절력(p=0.003), 좌안조절력(p=0.005), 양안조절용이성(p=0.012)으로 시기능훈련 전 보다 시기능훈련 후 우호성 점수가 모두 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 범위외군에서는 외향성은 –100그래디언트(p=0.048)으로 시기능훈련 전 보다 시기능훈련 후 외향성의 점수가 높게 나타났다. 우호성은 폭주근점(p=0.045), 원거리 음성융합버전스 분리점(p=0.017), 원거리 양성융합버전스 회복점(p=0.033), -100그래디언트(p=0.046), 근거리 음성융합버전스 흐린점(p=0.022), 음성 상대조절력(p=0.026), 양성상대조절력(p=0.006)으로 시기능훈련 전 보다 시기능훈련 후 우호성 점수가 모두 유 의하게 높게 나타났다. 결론 : 범위내군과 범위외군 모두 시기능훈련 전 보다 시기능훈련 후 우호성이 높아지는 것을 확인하였다.

목적 : 인간의 성격 5요인 (개방성, 성실성, 외향성, 우호성, 신경증) 특성을 기반으로 하여 시기능 훈련 을 시행한 결과를 실증적으로 분석하여 성격특성별 시기능 훈련의 상관성을 예측하고자 한다. 방법 : 교정시력 1.0 이상으로 20대의 성인 남녀 57명으로 시기능 훈련 전과 후의 양안시 검사를 실시하 고, 개인별 시기능 훈련 도구를 선정하여 시기능 훈련을 실시한 이후, 성격 5요인을 분류하는 60문항 5점 척도의 Big 5 성격특성 설문지검사를 실시하였다. 결과 : 시기능 훈련 후 측정 변화량과 성격 5요인의 상관분석 결과에서 외향성p<0.05)은 폭주근점, 신경 증(p<0.05)은 원거리 음성예비량 회복점, 성실성은 -1.00 가입후 측정된 사위도와 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.01). 원거리 음성융합예비량 회복점에 영향을 미치는 변수는 신경증(p=0.018)으로 신경증이 감 소할수록 원거리 음성 융합예비량 회복점이 유의하게 증가하였다. 시기능훈련 후 모건 기준에 따른 Big 5 성격특성별 상관관계에서는 범위 내와 범위 외로 구분한 결과 신경증은 근거리 양성 융합예비량 회복점에서 범위 내(4∼18) 35.17±3.47점, 범위 외(<4/≥18.1) 32.95±3.92점으로 범위 내에서 신경증의 점수가 유의 하게 높았다(p=0.029). 그러나 개방성에서는 모든 양안시검사 항목과 유의한 결과를 나타내지 않았다. 따라 서 개방성은 시기능훈련 결과 예측에 영향을 미치지 않는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 결론 : 성격 5요인과 시기능훈련 후 측정값에 유의한 차이를 보였던 양안시검사 항목을 일부 확인 할 수 있었으며, 향후 연구에서는 보다 축적된 자료를 기반으로 성격 5요인을 구성하는 각각의 하위요인이 시각계 에 미치는 영향에 대하여 세부적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

본 연구에서는 경남지역에서 생산된 수집막걸리의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 주원료에 따라 쌀 막걸리 10종과 과일 등 식물소재 첨가 막걸리 5종에 대한 품질특성을 비교하였다. pH는 쌀 막걸리는 3.20-4.48의 범위로 나타났고, 식물소재 첨가 막걸리는 3.38-4.28의 범위로 나타났다. 총산 함량은 쌀 막걸리가 0.14-0.51%이었으며, 식물소재 첨가 막걸리는 0.29-0.48%였다. 환원당은 0.55-2.40% 정도로 나타난 쌀 막걸리에 반해서 식물소재 첨가 막걸리는 0.70-3.28%로 비교적 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 휘 발산은 시료간 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 유기산은 젖산과 호박산의 함량이 가장 높았으며, 쌀 막걸리보다 식물 소재 첨가 막걸리에 높게 함유되어 있었다. 유리당은 fructose, glucose, maltose가 검출되었으며, 제품간 함량 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 특히 쌀 막걸리 중 E 제품과 식물소재 첨가 막 걸리 L, M, N제품의 glucose 함량이 높았다. acetaldehyde, methanol 및 퓨젤유를 분석한 결과 acetaldehyde, methanol은 검출되지 않거나 소량 함유하고 있어 품질규격에 부합하였고, 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and iso-amylalcohol 등의 퓨젤유의 함량은 0.1-0.4mg/mL로 나타났다.

This study examines what role English writing instructors need to play in peer revision activities. Students participating in the study were asked to go through multiple draft writing process in which they wrote three drafts on each writing assignment and review their peers’ essays in both a written comment sheet and an oral discussion. Overall, the results show that the peer comments played little role in improving the students’ essays from the first to second drafts. However, great improvement is observed from the second to final drafts. Specifically, little effect of the feedback on the improvement of non-linguistic features of the essays is identified. Regarding the linguistic features, improvement was made from the second to final drafts. However, it is achieved by both the peer and teacher comments. Therefore, it is concluded in the study that the teacher comments played a role in helping the students produce the linguistically improved final drafts. The study recommends the instructor’s explicit, detailed feedback to the errors caused from students’ insufficient writing and English competence.

A new commercial variety "KNR12-1" of Pleurotus eryngii was developed by the method of mono-mono crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from KNR2312, KNR2594, and KNR2596. The parental strains are characterized by the property of high quality and a small number of primordia, respectively. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was 25℃ and that of fruiting body development was 15～16℃. The period of harvesting including primordia formation was 1.0 - 1.5 days later than that of control strain Knneutari No.3 in the culling cultivation. The color of pileus and stipe surface was neutral-brown and pure white, respectively. The shape of pileus was dome and has a scale like as cobweb. The yield was 101.7±3.5g/850cc plastic bottle. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new commercial variety "KNR12-1" showed a different profile as that of the control strain, Knneutari No.3, when RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primer was used. This new variety "KNR12-1" of Pleurotus eryngii is characterized by the improved storability and a small number of primordia formation after scratching. It would be of much help to mushroom cultivators in a process of culling and storage of P. eryngii.

A new cultivar "KNR11-1" of Pleurotus eryngii was developed by the method of mono-mono crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from KNR2598 and KNR2610. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was 25℃ and that of fruiting body development was 15 - 16℃. The period of harvesting including primordia formation of "KNR11-1" was one day faster than that of control strain KNR2312. The color of pileus and stipe surface was neutral-brown and pure white, respectively. The shape of pileus was dome and has the teeth of a comb. The yield was 90.4 g/850cc plastic bottle. The fruit body has a longer shelf life than control strain KNR2312 at 4℃. It is able to store up to 67.5 days in a cold room. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new commercial strain "KNR11-1" showed a different profile as that of the control strain KNR2312 when Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA primers were used. The new cultivar of Pleurotus eryngii is characterized by the improved storability after harvesting.

A new cultivar "KNR10-1" of Pleurotus eryngii was developed by the method of mono-mono crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from KNR2594 and KNR2610, respectively. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was 25℃ and that of fruiting body development was 15 - 16℃. The period of harvesting including primordia formation of "KNR10-1" was one day faster than that of control strain KNR2312. The color of pileus and stipe surface was neutral-brown and pure white, respectively. The shape of pileus was dome and has the teeth of a comb. The yield was 90±12.9g/850cc plastic bottle. The fruit body has a longer shelf life than control strain KNR2312 at 4℃. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new commercial strain "KNR10-1" showed a different profile as that of the control strain KNR2312 when RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primers were used. This new variety of King Oyster mushroom is characterized by the improved storability after harvesting.

A new commercial strain "Dan Bi" of Pleurotus eryngii was developed by intra-specific crossing between monokaryotic spores derived from KNR2312 and KNR2596, respectively. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was 25℃ and that of fruiting body development was 15 -16℃. The primordia formation of "Dan Bi" was one day later than that of control strain KNR2312. The color of pileus and stipe surface was neutral-brown and pure white, respectively. The shape of pileus was dome and has a scale like as cobweb. The yield was 93±4.8g/850cc plastic bottle. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new commercial strain "Dan Bi" showed a different profile as that of the control strain KNR2312 when RAPD primer 8001, 8002, 8003, 8004, and 8005 were used. This new variety of King Oyster mushroom is characterized by a few primordia formation after scratching. It would be of much help to mushroom cultivators in a process of culling of P. eryngii.

This study examined the effects of red light generated from a light emitting diode (LED) upon proliferation and mitochondrial stress in human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). Cells were exposed to LED-generated red light at a clinically relevant intensity and distance with a 610-630 nm wavelength for various times (0-48 min). At different exposure times, cells were processed for the analysis of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, proliferation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cytotoxicity. Cell cycle progression was also investigated by flow cytometry after staining with propidium iodide. Red light exposure was found to inhibit SDH activity and DNA synthesis in hGFs in a time-dependent manner. Light exposure also reduced the MMP levels in these cells and this was closely associated with a G0/G1 arrest. In contrast, exposure of hGFs to red light for 48 min led to a dramatic loss of MMP with an attendant increase in cytotoxicity. These findings demonstrate that LED-generated red light may cause mitochondrial stress and growth inhibition in hGFs during tooth whitening therapy, depending on the length of the exposure.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is associated with the development of extrinsic skin aging. We performed in vivo assays in order to investigate the protective effect of a combination of grapefruit and rosemary extracts (cG&Re) on UVB-induced skin aging. The results indicated that cG&Re displayed elastase inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. Topical application of cG&Re mitigated photo-aging related lesions such as skin erythema and thickening in photo-aged BALB/c mice dorsal skin, by preventing UVB-induced collagen degradation. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that cG&Re stimulated SIRT-1 expression, and suppressed MMP-1 and IL-1β expression. It was observed that expression of MMP-1 and -13 mRNA was downregulated in the cG&Re-treated group. Furthermore, cG&Re treatment drastically suppressed protein expression of MMP-1 and regulated the phosphorylation of p-38 kinase. As expected, oral administration of cG&Re resulted in the same SIRT-1, MMP-1, and IL-1β expression patterns observed upon topical application of cG&Re in the UV-induced mice model. Overall, the current results demonstrated that cG&Re attenuated both the downregulation of MMP-1 expression and up-regulation of SIRT-1 expression, as well as decreased phosphorylation of MAPK in UVB-induced skin ageing mice model, suggesting that cG&Re might be used as an internal food ingredient for beauty-purposes as well as a functional food material.

Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare and poorly understood disorder affecting 15% of patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). In this case report, we describe a case of CAD mistaken for liver cirrhosis. A 57-year-old male patient was presumptive diagnosed with early liver cirrhosis due to mild hyperbilirubinemia and abdominal sonography finding without other findings as thrombocytopenia or prothrombin time prolongation. After 3 month, the patient was referred to our hospital with agglutination of peripheral red blood cell at room temperature and livedo reticularis of the whole body and finally diagnosed with CAD associated B cell lymphoproliferative disorder.

Diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) have rarely been made simultaneously in the same patient. We report a rare case of a patient with CML-chronic phase who developed a concurrent Philadelphia (Ph)-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. At the time of diagnosis, cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells revealed the Ph-chromosome translocation in all examined metaphases. A lymph node biopsy showed features of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of lymph node tissue for BCR-ABL was negative. The patient was treated with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin and prednisone) and imatinib mesylate.

The aim of this study was to investigate the nutrient removal using Mg-Sericite flocculant in the dyeing wastewater. Mg-Sericite flocculant was removed successfully > 98% of the Color, SS. COD and BOD in the dyeing wastewater at the following optimal Mg-Sericite dosage: 100 mg/L for Colour and SS, 300 mg/L for BOD and COD. The removal of TN and TP was obtained 92.00% with 50 mg/L and 87.80% with 100 mg/L Mg-Sericite dosage, respectively. These results was indicated that the amount of 0.79~1.31, 0.22~0.37, 0.5 and 0.16 mg/L Mg-Sericite was necessary for 1 mg/L removal BOD, COD, TN and TP, respectively. The biopolymer, Mg-Sericite, can be a promising flocculants due to its high efficiency and low dose requirements. In addition, Mg-Sericite does not contaminate treated wastewater, which can be recycled to reduce not only the cost and the demand for water but also the extra operational costs for reusing wastewater. This flocculation method is helpful to lower the wastewater treatment cost.

본 연구는 수박유통에 있어 수확시 꼭지를 T 형태로 자르는 관행적 방법과 꼭지를 제거할 경우 저장성에 미치는영향을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 실험에 사용한 수박의 평균 무게는 7.8 kg이었고 각각 7℃와 실온에 저장하면서 여러요인들을 조사하였다. 무게는 저장일수가 길어짐에 따라 감소하였는데 꼭지처리한 수박을 7℃에서 30일 저장한 경우 그 무게가 0.6~0.7% 감소한 반면 실온에서는 1.9~2% 감소하였으며 동일 온도조건하에서는 꼭지유무에 따른 유의차는 없었다. 경도는 초기 755 g에서 저장일수가 경과함에 따라 점차 감소하였으며 실온에서 저장하였을 경우542~549 g으로 더 큰 감소폭을 보였으나 같은 온도조건하 에서는 꼭지유무에 따른 차이는 없었다. 저장기간 동안 pH,총산과 내부 수분은 모든 처리에서 큰 변화를 보이지 않았으며, 가용성고형분은 실온에 저장한 것은 초기 평균 11.3°Brix에서 30일 후에는 9.3°Brix로, 수박 내부의 적색도는 초기 36.7에서 저장후기에는 처리별로 31.7~33.6으로 감소하였으며, 유리당총량은 저장전 8,133 mg/100 g에서 초기에는 증가하다가 저장기간이 길어질수록 감소하였는데 이들 변화 역시 동일저장조건에서의 꼭지유무에 따른 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 수박을 수확할 때 꼭지를 T 형태로 남긴 것과 제거한 것이 저장성에 미치는 영향은 없으므로 생산, 유통 등을 고려하여 꼭지를 제거하는 것이 바람직하다고 판단된다.