The United States is Korea’s important trading partner, ranking third (13.7%) in exports of fishery products in Korea. The impact on exports to the United States is expected to be significant if the seafood import provisions under the MMPA are implemented in 2024 accordingly. It is expected that documents proving production information will be required for all items when exporting to the U.S. Therefore, this study attempted to examine the current status of exports and exporters in order to understand the actual conditions of major fishery products exported to the United States. Besides, there are currently no official system and procedures in Korea to prove production information for all fishery items, so we tried to suggest implications by examining distribution channels for major export items to the U.S. In this study, five items including seaweed and halibut as domestic aquaculture items, tuna and squid as deep-sea fishing items, and fish cake using imported raw materials were selected as the target items for distribution channel investigation. In addition, this study is meaningful in that it investigated the routes from production to processing, distribution, and export of each item and identified detailed distribution channel for major items exported to the U.S.

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of odor-causing substances in Yeosu national industrial complex, which is designated as an “Odor management Area,” in 2019 and the surrounding area. The sampling sites were divided into three areas: five sites within the industrial complex (Management area), one site within the borders of the complex (Boundary area), and two sites within residential areas (Affected area) affected by odors. The odor compounds were collected from March to September at dawn, daytime, and night. The analytical items were meteorological data, complex odor, legally-designated 22 odor compounds and other VOCs. Complex odor was exceeded on the limit three occasions at two sites in the management area. Ammonia, two types of sulfides, three types of aldehydes, and five VOCs were detected to be within the emission standards. Ammonia was the most frequently detected compounds. Aldehydes and sulfur compounds made a relatively high contribution to the level of odors. Therefore, aldehydes and sulfur compounds should be reduced first in order to prevent odors from occurring.

본 연구는 훼손된 하천 수생태계의 훼손원인을 식별하고 그 전이 과정을 규명하기 위해 수생태계 훼손원인 진단체계를 구축하고 정책적 활용 가능성을 보고자 하였다. 수생태계 현황 조사 및 건강성 평가결과는 하천의 훼손에 대한 전반적인 상황을 알 수 있어 하천 복원 및 관리의 판단 근거로 사용된다. 그러나 하천이 훼손된 원인이나 훼손이 발생하게 된 전이 과정을 고려하지 못한다는 한계를 가진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 과학적이고 체계적인 진단체계를 제안하여 훼손원인과 그 전이 과정을 규명하였다. 미국, 호주, 유럽의 사례를 분석하여 우리나라에 맞는 진단체계를 제안하였다. 총 8단계로 구성되며, 기초자료 조사, 하천 수생태계 훼손 판단, 훼손 구간 설정, 훼손 유형화 및 잠재적 훼손원인 도출, 본 조사, 주 훼손원인 진단 및 최적 훼손 모델 도출, 종합분석 및 하천 복원방안으로 이루어져 있다. 이러한 진단체계는 하천 생태계의 복잡하고 다양한 특성을 고려하여 훼손원인을 파악할 수 있으며 하천 복원 및 관리 방안을 제시하여 효율적인 의사결정을 지원할 수 있다.

The purpoose of this paper is to analyze the relative effciency of dreid laver processing companies in Korea and provide the development direction and improvement plan for the dried laver industry. Data on 76 dried laver processing companies were selected as the subjects for Dea. As a result of Dea, the average efficiency rate is shown that the technical efficiency is 84.90%, the pure technical efficiency is 93.83%, and the scale efficiency is 86.65%. and based on BCC results 38 companies are relatively efficient. comparing pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, it showed that inefficiencies caused by scale of the company was greater than inefficiencies caused by the scale of technical matter. It implies that expanding the size is essential for achieving high-efficiency of dried laver processing company. In the inefficiency factor analysis, the result reveals that unstable supply of raw materials, quality management, capital flexibility and distribution ability influence the efficiency of laver processing company.

Post-ejaculation of sperms into the female reproductive tract, acquisition of sperm capacitation is an essential step in the fertilization process. Accordingly, during in-vitro fertilization, the successful fertilization requires necessarily induction of capacitation in the retrieved sperms. To date, many candidate substances have been considered as capacitation inducers. However, there were no reports about the comparison of efficiency inducing sperm capacitation among diverse capacitation inducers. Therefore, we tried to determine an inducer showing the best capacitation performance in mouse sperms by comparing the preimplantation development of in-vitro-fertilized embryos using sperms experiencing capacitation by a variety of capacitation inducers. For these, calcium, progesterone, bovine serum albumin (BSA), heparin, lysophosphaticylcholine (Lyso-PC) were used as candidate capacitation inducers. Optimized concentration of each inducer were determined by accessing ratio of sperms experiencing acrosome reaction using coomassie G-250 blue staining. Subsequently, in vitro fertilization was performed using sperms incubated in each optimized concentration inducer. The ratio of fertilized oocytes was observed. As the results, Calcium at 2.7 mM and 0.3% (w/v) BSA showed the highest fertilization rates compared to 15 μM progesterone, 50 mM heparin, and 100 μM Lyso-PC. From these results, we found that 2.7 mM calcium and 0.3% (w/v) BSA were the most effective sperm capacitation inducers of mouse sperm for in vitro fertilization. From these results, we could identify that, among diverse sperm capacitation inducers, 2.7mM calcium and 0.3% (w/v) BSA were the most effective inducers for in vitro fertilization.

Commercialized production of onion vinegar, which has biological activities formed through alcohol and acetic acid fermentation, requires standardization. The objective of this study was to determine optimal conditions of sugar contents (11~15 °Brix) and agitation rate (100~300 rpm) of fermenter in the alcohol-acetic fermentation for producing onion vinegar. The alcohol and total acidity contents increased, whereas contents of total sugars decreased during alcohol fermentation. Contents of alcohol of 13 and 15 °Brix reactants were about 8% in 36 hr and total acidities of all samples were below 0.2% in 60 hr. During acetic fermentation, total acidity increased with highest value at 9 days (3.2% in 100 rpm), 10 days (4.1% in 200 rpm) and 8 days (4.3% in 300 rpm), respectively. From these results, sugar contents (13 °Brix) were measured for alcohol fermentation and agitation rate (300 rpm) for fast fermentation method of vinegar. The contents of total phenols, flavonoids and quercetin in onion vinegar were 33.3 mg/100 g, 3.0 mg/100 g and 2.0 mg/100 g, respectively. Onion vinegar showed an antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes. Antioxidant effect of onion vinegar was 26.23% in DPPH radical inhibition and 58.58% in superoxide dismutase like activity, respectively. Fibrinolytic activity was 1.51 plasmin unit/mL in onion vinegar. In conclusion, onion vinegar processed by alcohol and acetic fermentation had nutritional values and potential biological activities.

This study aims to empirically analyze the relationship between climate change elements and catch amount of coastal fisheries, which is predicted to be vulnerable to climate change since its business scale is too small and fishing ground is limited. Using panel data from 1974 to 2013 by region, we tested the relationship between the sea temperature, salinity and the coastal fisheries production. A spatial panel model was applied in order to reflect the spatial dependence of the ocean. The results indicated that while the upper(0-20m) sea temperature and salinity have no significant influence on the coastal fisheries production, the lower(30-50m) sea temperature has significant positive effects on it and, by extension, on the neighboring areas’s production. Therefore, with sea temperature forecast data derived from climate change scenarios, it is expected that these results can be used to assess the future vulnerability to the climate change.

A 7-year-old, spayed female, domestic short hair cat showed signs of a 2-week history of chronic anorexia, depression, and severe weight loss. Upon physical examination, pyrexia, mild gingivitis, and pale mucus membranes were noted. Laboratory analysis revealed normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, and hypergammaglobulinemia. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed the presence of elevated alpha-2 fraction within the globulin concentration. Based on history, clinical signs, and laboratory results, systemic viral infection was strongly suspected. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction identified the presence of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in the serum. Furthermore, gene sequencing revealed the virus as FIV subtype A. Treatment with anti-retroviral agents, including azidothymidine (AZT) and recombinant human interferon-alpha, was continued for 4 weeks. However, the patient’s clinical condition deteriorated, resulting in death 1 month after initiation of treatment due to progressive renal failure. Necropsy and histopathology revealed hepatic and renal necrosis with hyper-cellular bone marrow mainly comprised of myeloid precursor cells. This case report is the first to describe phylogenetic subtyping, anti-retroviral combination treatment, and clinical outcomes in an FIV-infected cat in Korea. In addition, this report suggests that treatment should be initiated during the early phase of infection that could be effective for the virus.

본 연구에서는 봄철 저수온기 팔당호 수역의 식물플 랑크톤을 이용하여 수온과 CO2 증가가 식물플랑크톤 군 집에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 2012년 3월 팔당호 경 안천하류 광동교 부근의 현장수를 이용하여 수온증가와 CO2 농도증가를 네 가지 실험군, (1) Control; 저온(현장 수온)과 저농도(공기중) CO2 (6±2􀆆C, 400 ppm), (2) T1; 저온과 고농도 CO2 (6±2􀆆C, 800 ppm), (3) T2; 고온과 저농도 CO2 (20±2􀆆C, 400 ppm), (4) T3; 고온과 고농도 CO2 (20±2􀆆C, 800 ppm)으로 하여 각각 실험하였다. 가 장 높은 조류성장을 보인 실험군은 T1으로 현장 온도 조건에 적응한 조류 군집에 CO2를 첨가한 결과이다. 현 장수의 주요 우점종은 Cyclotella meneghiniana로 나타 났고, 시간이 진행됨에 따라 고온 실험군(T2, T3)에서는 중심돌말류 Cyclotella meneghiniana에서 깃돌말류 Fragilaria capucina var. gracilis로 우점종의 천이가 나타났다. 모든 실험군에서 규조류가 우점하였고, 고온 실 험군 T2, T3에서 배양 후반기에 남조류가 출현하였다. 결론적으로, 저수온기 수온증가는 팔당호 식물플랑크톤 군집구조 변화에 영향을 주었으며, CO2 농도 증가는 식물플랑크톤의 성장을 촉진시켰다. 본 연구의 결과는 기후변화에 따라 담수생태계의 식물플랑크톤의 성장과 군집변화의 잠재성을 보여주었으며, 앞으로 보다 심도있는 연구의 필요성을 제기하였다.

This study investigated the interrelations among acculturative stress, recognition, preference and eating frequency of Korean traditional food by Chinese students in Korea. The acculturative stress score was 3.06±0.32, ‘homesickness’ score was the highest (3.92±0.62) and ‘guiltscore’ score was the lowest (2.28±1.04). The rate of preferred for Korean food was low (20.5%). The places for eating Korean food were ‘restaurant’ (49.6%) and ‘school cafeteria’ (41.1%). The cooking experience regarding Korean food was 45.0% and they had cooked ‘Bulgogi’ (26.7%) and ‘Bibimbap’ (21.9%). The recognition score for Korean traditional food was 0.70±0.27. The preference score for Korean traditional food was 3.14±0.54, and the favorite foods were ‘Galbi’ and ‘Galbitang’ while ‘Ggakdugi’ was the lowest. The eating frequency for Korean traditional food was 2.15±0.82, and ‘Baechukimchi’ and ‘Bibimbap’ were comparatively high. The acculturative stress showed no correlation with the recognition, preference and eating frequency of Korean traditional food. The recognition of Korean traditional food correlated positively with the eating frequency (r=0.175, p<0.05). The preference of Korean traditional food had a significant effect on eating frequency (r=0.274, p<0.001), and the highest positive correlation was shown in ‘Ddeokbokki’ (r=0.470). The explanation power (R2) of recognition and preference on eating frequency was 0.098. This study showed the interrelations among recognition, preference, and eating frequency of Korean traditional food except for acculturative stress.

The phenolic compounds which were extracted with 70% ethanol from Ulmus pumila for 12 hr were the highest as 17.9±1.0 mg/g. DPPH scavenging activity of 70% ethanol extracts was also the highest as 89.5±1.9% and it was confirmed to be high as 80% over in both of water and 70% ethanol extracts containing 50 μg/mL over phenolic concentration. ABTS radical cation decolorization activities of water and 70% ethanol extracts were higher as 96.8±2.9%, antioxidant protection factor (PF) was 2.0 PF in 70% ethanol and showed higher activities in both of water and 70% ethanol extracts containing 200 μg/mL phenolic concentration as 2.5 PF than BHA. TBARs of 70% ethanol extracts was 86.5±4.6%, it showed high anti-oxidative activity in 50∼200 μg/mL phenolic concentrations of water and 70% ethanol extracts as 80% over. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of Ulmus pumila extracts against hypertension was 77.4% and 90.6% in water and 70% ethanol extracts of 200 μg/mL phenolic concentration. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Ulmus pumila extracts for anti-gout effect was not observed in water extracts, but it showed 30% inhibitory activity in 70% ethanol extracts, and 48.1% at 200 μg/mL phenolics concentration.

In this study, the optimal conditions for phenolic-compound extraction from medicinal plants were found to be 24 h and about 50% ethanol. The electron-donating scavenging activities (DPPH), ABTS radical-cation decolorization (ABTS), antioxidant protection factor (PF), and thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBAR) were measured to determine the antioxidant activities of the extracts of Sanguisorba officinalis Linn., Citrus unshiu Markovich, Melia azedarach L., Asparagus cochinchinensis Merr., Citrus unshiu S., Polygonum aviculare L., and Leonurus sibiricus L. The total phenolic contents of the extracts of medical plants were determined to be 0.45-3.00 mg/g in the water extracts and 0.33-3.15 mg/g in the 50% ethanol extracts. The electron-donating abilities (EDA) of the water and ethanol extracts were both above 85% at the 50 μg/ml concentration. The ABTS radical-cation decolorization was above 80% at the 100 μg/ml concentration in all the extracts of various medicinal plants. The antioxidant protection factor (PF) of the Melia azedarach L. extracts was found to be 1.65±0.40 PF in the water extracts at the 100 μg/ml concentration, and was higher than those of the other medicinal-plant extracts. The TBAR inhibition rates of all the medicinal-plant extracts, except Asparagus cochinchinensis Merr., were above 85% at the 100 μg/ml concentration. These results confirmed that the various oriental medicinal plants (Sanguisorba officinalis Linn., Citrus unshiu Markovich, Melia azedarach L., Asparagus cochinchinensis Merr., Citrus unshiu S., Polygonum aviculare L., and Leonurus sibiricus L.) that were included in this study are useful functional-food sources.