Background: Various Schisandra chinensis (SC) varieties grow in diverse regions in Korea. However, there is no valid scientific evidence of these varieties. This study aimed to select the excellent resources in terms of the growth characteristics, antioxidant activities, and analysis of the active compounds of the SC collection. Method and Results: In total, 154 resources of SC were collected from various regions of Korea. The growth characteristics were measured by the number of fruit bunches, fruit number, and weight of 100 fruits. The antioxidant activities were investigated by analyzing the total flavonoid and total polyphenol contents and the radical scavenging activity of DPPH and ABTS. Schizandrin A, schizandrin c, gomisin a, and gomisin N were analyzed by HPLC. Each resource showed different growth characteristics. Among the antioxidative effects, the highest 20 resources showed high antioxidant activities in selected 29 resources. Analysis of the SC lignan index showed that all resources contained more than 1.16% of active compounds. Conclusions: All of the selected 29 SC resources were shown to have excellent growth characteristics, antioxidant activities, and bioactive compound richness. Especially, SC-004, SC-007, and SC-154 showed the best growth characteristics, and SC-22, SC-40, and SC-45 showed the best antioxidant activities and bioactive compound richness.

Background : Phlomidis radix is known to be effective for pain relief and anti-inflammation. Phlomidis radix (Han-Sok-Dan) is likely to be confused because it is similar in name to Dipsaci Radix (Cheon-Sok-Dan), or is similar in morphology to other Phlomioides species. Therefore, we investigated the origins and morphological characteristics of the origin plant of Phlomidis radix in order to cultivate and consume the correct one. Methods and Results : We reviewed North and South Korean and Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the books on oriental herbal medicine and botanical illustrations. In South Korea, P. umbrosa was defined as the origin plant of Phlomidis radix, whereas in North Korea, P. maximowiczii was defined. In China, it was not used as an oriental medicine. In the past, P. umbrosa, which is native to the Korean peninsula, or P. maximowiczii, which is native to the northern part of the Korea was used instead of Dipsacus asperoides for Dipsaci Radix. However, after the publication of the Korean Pharmacopoeia, Phlomidis radix and Dipsaci Radix have been distinguished, and only P. umbrosa was defined as the origin plant of Phlomidis radix. Therefore, Phlomidis radix and Dipsaci Radix should be distinguished from each other, the origin plant of Phlomidis radix is considered to be P.umbrosa. Furthermore, we investigated the external morphological and growth characteristics of Phlomoides species in Korea. There are three species of Phlomoides in Korea, such as P. umbrosa, P. maximowiczii, P. koraeinsis. P. umbrosa has no basal leaves but only stem leaves, while P. maximowiczii and P. koraeinsis have basal leaves. Also, P. maximowiczii is distinguishable from seeds with hairs while P. koraeinsis from hairless seeds. Conclusion : We considered P. umbrosa as the origins of Phlomidis radix. As a result of investigation of morphological and growth characteristics, P. umbrosa, P. maximowiczii and P.koraeinsis could be distinguished by the presence or absence of basal leaves and the difference in whether the seeds have hair or not. These results could be used as a basis for standard varieties research and cultiviation of P. umbrosa.

Background : The small-scale medicinal crops is rapidly decreasing, and there is a risk of collapse of the pharmaceutical production base due to the radical market opening such as the Korea - China FTA. Among them, the Artemisia gmelinii has been used in the oriental medicine, and it is effective in treating the fever, humidity, urination, and scabies. Although it is being grown in small areas such as Gyeongnam and Gangwon Province in Korea, standardization of raw material production is insufficient. Then we were carried out on seed characteristics and growth characteristics by harvest time of A. gmelinii. Methods and Results : We were collected 114 accession from 7 regions from 2017 to 2018. The collected resources were growing to the testing field of Department of Herbal Crop Research. An average length and width of seed in A. gmelinii were 1.05 ㎜, 0.57 ㎜ respectively. A thousand seed weight were 0.42 g. Seed germination rate was highest at 25℃ (76.4%). Plant height was similar, stem diameter was 9 – 15 ㎜ in early growth collected resources. AG1801 had many leaves (60 ea), AG1802 was blooming fast. Conclusion : The above results showed that AG1801, AG1802, and AG1803 were selected good resources. We will analyze a valid ingredient by harvest time.

Background : Licorice has been a medicinal crop which was mainly used as a traditional medicine and food, depends on most imports (99%) in Korea. We have been trying to produce licorice in Korea for a long time. However when it grow in Korea the main ingredients are below the standard value and occur of physiological disorder. Therefore, we evaluated the growth characteristics and major components of genetic resources to develop licorice varieties suitable for the domestic environment. Methods and Results : We collected 19 accession of licorice from 7 regions including China, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, and Russia from 2013 to 2014. After regenerating the resources of licorice in the field we identified and classified the species. Among them, 13 lines of 2 species (G. uralensis Fisch, G. glabra L.) were selected from 2015 to 2016. We evaluated the aerial parts, underground parts, yield and glycyrrhizin content of 13 line of licorice grown one year. Plant length and stem diameter of GLY2014 - 002 was high and thick on the aerial parts. GLY2013 - 005 had many pods. GLY2014-006 had many adventitious roots like taproot (3 ea/plant) and high of root weight (170 g/plant), GLY2013 - 005, GLY2014 - 006 had high glycyrrhizin content (2.1%) in the underground parts. Conclusion : As a result of growth characteristics and glycyrrhizin analysis, GLY2013 - 002, GLY2013 - 005, GLY2013 - 007, GLY2014 - 002, GLY2014 - 006, and GLY2014 - 007 were evaluated as good resources. Therefore of six lines will be used to test productivity and conduct regional testing for developing licorice variety.

Background : Ixeris strigosa is a herb which has used leaves and roots in Korea. Recently, the cultivation area and food imports have been increased because it has been used as an functional crops for anti-obesity. However its cultivation method has not been developed and it is difficult to produce with good quality. Therefore, this experiment was carried out to determine the optimum seedroot size, plant number per hill, planting time, planting density, planting method and mulching materials for improving the cultivation method suitable for domestic environment. Methods and Results : In order to identify the proper cultivation method, I. strigosa was collected in Dangjin, Chungnam in 2016 and the yield and crop characteristics were investigated at the end of October. The seedroots were cultivated by size such as large (length 30 ㎜, thickness more than 1 ㎜), medium (30 ㎜, 1 ㎜ - 1.5 ㎜) and small (30 ㎜, less than 1 ㎜). As a result, the production of the medium-sized seedroot was highest at 950 ㎏/10a. Based on these results, medium-sized seedroots passed winter in previous year were used when plant number per hill, planting time, planting density, planting method and mulching materials were investigated. At plant number per hill, 3 seeds/hill was the highest at 836 ㎏/10a among 1, 3 and 5 seeds/hill. When the seedroots were planted at intervals of one month from mid April to mid August, the yield was the highest at 1,647 ㎏/10a at the middle of May. When the planting densities were 10 × 10, 20 × 10, 20 × 15 and 20 × 20 ㎝, 10 × 10 and 20 × 10 ㎝ had highest production. And two methods for planting have been used, one was to plant at right angles and the other to lay down. As a result, the latter yield was 612 ㎏/10a. Finally, when comparing non woven fabrics, color combination polyethylene film, black polyethylene film and no treatment among the mulching materials, black polyethylene film made the highest yield at 1,044 ㎏/10a. Conclusion : For improving the cultivation of I. strigosa, this study determined the optimum seed size, plant number per hill, planting time, planting density, planting method and mulching materials. In conclusion, the production was the best when the plant was laid down on a black polyethylene film at intervals of 20 × 10 ㎝ at the middle of May, using 3 medium-sized seeds per hill. These results are expected to contribute to the productivity and income farmers of I. strigosa.

Background : This study was carried out to distribute superior cultivars to farmers by analyzing growth characteristics of ginseng and effectively set the target for breeding by investigating annual agronomic characteristics of ginseng. Methods and Results : As a plant materials, Chunpoong (CP), Yunpoong (YP), Gopoong(GP), Gumpoong (GU) and Sunun (SU) were transplanted in Eumseong (ES), Geumsan (GS) and Yeoncheon (YC) on March 2013. Cultivation and management were conducted on the basis of the standard guidelines. According to stem and petiole by region, YC represent the largest stem diameter, leaf length and petiole length of cultivars, followed by those in ES and those in GS. Leaf growth of cultivars was overall the best in YC. Although CP had long and narrow leaves in all regions, YP and SU had short and narrow leaves. Root weight of all cultivars was the best in YC, but there was no significant differences by them. Growth of CP, YP and GP was generally good in ES. Growth of cultivars was relatively even in GS, but it was poor compared to cultivars which were cultivated in ES and YC. Conclusion : There were considerable differences in root growth of cultivars. However, this results suggest that CP of 4-year-old is produced stably in some regions because it had a small coefficient of variation.

‘조생흑찰’은 작물과학원 영남농업연구소(현 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부)에서 2004년도에 육성한 조생 흑자색 찰벼 품종으로 주요특성과 수량성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 남부평야지 평균 출수기는 8월 3일로 조생종이며 간장은 65 cm정도이고 현미외관은 흑자색인 찰벼 품종이다. 2. 불시 출수율이 일반 조생종 품종과 비슷한 수준이며, 위조는 강한 편이고 성숙기의 엽노화가 느린 편이며, 내냉성은 ‘흑남벼’와 비슷한 정도의 내냉성을 가지고 있으며 수발아는

This study was carried out to develop a prom ising japonica rice variety resistant to brown planthopper(Bph) through marker-assisted selection(MAS) and backcross breeding methods. 'Milyang 64' which is known as resistant japonica variety to Bph used as a