In this study, laser-induced graphene oxide (LIGO) was synthesized through a facile liquid-based process involving the introduction of deionized (DI) water onto polyimide (PI) film and subsequent direct laser irradiation using a CO2 laser (λ = 10.6 μm). The synthesized LIGO was then evaluated as a sensing material for monitoring changes in humidity levels. The synthesis conditions were optimized by precisely controlling the laser scribing speed, leading to the synthesis of LIGO with different structural characteristics and varying oxygen contents. The increased number of oxygen-containing functional groups contributed to the hydrophilic properties of LIGO, resulting in a superior humidity sensing capabilities compared with laser-induced graphene (LIG). The LIGO-based sensors outperformed LIG-based sensors, demonstrating approximately tenfold higher sensing responsivity when detecting changes at each humidity level, along with 1.25 to 1.75 times faster response/recovery times, making LIGO-based sensors more promising for humidity-monitoring applications. This study demonstrated laser ablation in a renewable and natural precursor as an eco-friendly and energy-efficient approach to directly synthesize LIGO with controllable oxidation levels.

Persistent left cranial vena cava (PLCVC) is a remnant vessel connected with the coronary sinus and draining into the right atrium. A 3-month-old intact male Bichon Frise was evaluated for the presence of a mechanical murmur auscultation in the local animal hospital. No significant clinical signs were present on physical examination except mechanical murmur. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was diagnosed in the imaging procedure. During the left thoracotomy, PLCVC was found. The vascular malformation made the surgical process difficult by hiding PDA from the left thoracotomy surgical view. PLCVC and the vagus nerve was carefully dissected and lifted to secure a clear surgical view of PDA. The ductus arteriosus was ligated. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed postoperatively. On CTA, left brachiocephalic vein retaining connection with the coronary sinus draining into the right atrium was observed. CTA is highly recommended for dogs with PDA to provide better postoperative results.

본 연구는 A4용지 규격의 종이 도안에 플랫포머 게임의 콘텐츠를 작성하고, 작성된 게임 콘텐츠를 모바일 기기의 카메라를 통해 인식하여 디지털로 변환하여 게임을 즐길 수 있는 시스템을 구현하였다. 종이도안을 활용한 게임 콘텐츠는 실제 종이에 필기구를 이용하여 직접 게임 오브젝트를 그려 넣는 방식을 사용한다. 오브젝트 디자인의 편의성을 높이기 위하여 핵심 게임 오브젝트의 패턴화하였고 의미가 있는 패턴들을 조합하여 새로운 조합 패턴의 생성할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 한 장의 종이 위에 그릴 수 있는 게임 화면의 크기가 제한적인 점을 보완하기 위하여, 제작한 게임 화면을 조합하여 게임의 여러 스테이지를 구성할 수 있는 기능을 추가하였다. 종이 도안에 그려지는 게임의 오브젝트 이외의 게임 구성 요소들은 시스템 내부에서 추가할 수 있도록 하여 자유도 높은 콘텐츠 창작 제공하고 있다. 종이 도안을 통해 반복적으로 게임 콘텐츠를 제작하고 이를 디지털로 변환하는 과정을 보완하기 위하여 시스템 내부에서도 게임 콘텐츠를 제작하고 수정하는 것이 가능하도록 하였다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 서비스모델은 아동에게 다소 어려울 수 있는 게임창작 과정을 언플러그드 활동과 연동하여 손쉽게 디지털 게임 콘텐츠 창작의 경험을 제공하는 것이다. 이를 통해 아동을 대상으로 한 전통적인 방식의 언플러그드 활동을 디지털 활동과 연동하여 창작 활동에 대한 동기를 부여하고, 디지털 시대에 발맞춘 소프트웨어 리터러시를 함양할 수 있을 것이다.

Maruca vitrata larvae feed on flowers and pods of several leguminous crops, and can severely reduce seed yield. Adult emergence, mating and oviposition behaviors were observed in a 15h/9h=light/dark and 25℃ condition as a base study for monitoring. Emergence occurred mainly during the first five hours of scotophase. Mating occurred from the two days after emergence, and the mated females started to lay eggs from the next day. A maximal mating rate was observed in the night of five days. Mating occurred significantly more often during the time from 2 hours before to 3 hours after lights-off, but older females mated more frequently during the photophase. Electroanntennographic responses of males to some chemicals, and body extracts and volatile collections of females were measured

Background : Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau is a widely used medicinal perennial woody plant. Obtaining information about the genetic diversity of plant populations is highly important for conservation and germplasm utilization. In this study, we developed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from chloroplast genomic sequences to identify distinct Korean-specific ecotypes of C. tricuspidata via amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR analyses. We performed molecular authentication of twelve C. tricuspidata ecotypes from different regions using DNA sequences in the chloroplast TrnL-F intergenic region. Methods and Results : SNPs were identified based on the results of nucleotide sequence for the intergenic region of TrnL-TrnF gene (chloroplast). Molecular markers were designed for those SNPs with additional mutations on the second base from SNPs for amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). HRM pattern analyses were performed using the Mx3005P QPCR System (Agilent Technologies, CA, USA). Conclusion : We collected 12 individual lines of C. tricuspidata from various region in South Korea and China. Based on the nucleotide sequence in the trnL-trnF intergenic region of these lines, six SNPs and a deletion of 12 bps were identified and 12 individual lines were able to be grouped in one Korean ecotype and two different ecotypes of chinese lines, chinese line 1 and 2. The SNP markers developed in this study are useful for rapidly identifying these specific C. tricuspidata ecotypes collected from different regions.

Background : This study was development of moisture tolerance and high-yielding Rehmannia glutinosa cultivar. Methods and Results : Segang is developed by the medicinal crop breeding team of National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science(NIHHS), Rural Development Administration(RDA), during the period from 2005 to 2015. The reproduction of Rehmannia glutinosa has been accomplished mainly by vegetative propagation with its seedlings have many variants. The cultivar was selected from seedling of Jihwang 1(check variety). The plant type of Segang is some rising from ground. Regional yield trials conducted at three site from 2014 to 2015. The root yield of Segang was 21.1ton per hectare, which was increased 12% compared with Jihwang 1. Also, Segang has higher catalpol content and dried root ratio compared with Jihwang 1. Conclusion : Segang is a moisture tolerance and high-yielding Rehmannia glutinosa cultivar.

In this study we evaluate the informative and efficiency of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) and Sequence Specific Amplified Polymorphism (SSAP) markers for genetic diversity, genetic relationship and population structure among 87 super sweet corn inbred lines generated by different origins. The SSR showed relatively higher level of the average gene diversity and shannon’s information index value than that of the SSAP. To assess genetic relationship and to characterize among 87 super sweet corn inbred lines using the SSR and SSAP markers. The dendrogram using SSR marker divided into nine groups of clusters were observed at the genetic similarity value 53.0%. For SSAP marker, Total three main clusters were confirmed in genetic similarity value at 50.8%. Result of combine data for SSR and SSAP markers showed six subgroup were detected in genetic similarity at 53.5%. To confirm population structure, the total 87 super sweet corn inbred lines were divided into groups I, II and admixed group based on membership probability 0.8 for SSR and SSAP markers. However population structure using combine data was K=3 and divided into group I, II, III and admixed group. This study has demonstrated the comparative analysis of SSR and SSAP for the study of genetic diversity and the genetic relationship for super sweet corn inbred lines. Thus, the results of this study will be useful to maize breeding programs in Korea.

‘Taegang’ is a new six-rowed covered barley cultivar developed by the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), R.D.A. This cultivar is developed from a cross between ‘Suwon287’ and ‘Olbori’ in 1992. An F8 selection was made at NCES in 2000 and it was te

The lateral root formation in soybean sprout culture declines its quality. This study was done to measure the effect of fluorescent light treatment during 24 hour imbibition and 6-day culture on seed germination and growth of soybean sprout. After 6 day culture, the sprouts were sorted as normal (＞4cm), abnormal (＜4cm) and non-germination by their hypocotyl lengths, and lateral roots, fresh and dry weights were measured. Lateral roots were less formed in the fluorescent light treatment lasted during the whole period of the imbibition than in the treatment for 50 minutes a day during the culture. The fluorescent light treatment during the imbibition mainly affected the germination and growth compared to the treatment done during the culture. Compared to the dark imbibition, the light treatment during the imbibition resulted in more normal sprouts, thicker diameters of hypocotyl and hook, and more fresh weights in cotyledon, hypocotyl, whole sprout, and economic yield. However, these results were reverse in lengths of hypocotyl and root, and fresh and dry weights of roots. It is concluded that the fluorescent lamp mainly irradiating red and blue lights can be used for the sprout production as an alternative light replacing blue and red lights treated during the imbibition because it blocked the lateral root appearance and stimulated growth of the sprout.

A single cross hybrid, 'Heugjeomchal', is a white and black bicolor waxy corn (Zea mays L.) developed by the Maize Experiment Station (MES), Gangwondo Agricultural Research and Extension Services (GARES) in Hongcheon in 2000. 'Heugjeomchal' was made by cr

Soybean seeds were treated with blue, red and far-red lights for 0, 6, 12, and 24 hours during 24-hour imbibition before culture for 6 days. The soybean sprouts raised were classified by their hypocotyl lengths; normal (＞4cm), abnormal (＜4cm) and non-germination, and their lateral roots, hypocotyl diameters and component dry weights were measured. Red light treatment and dark imbibition reduced the abnormal soybean sprouts more than far-red and blue light treatments, meaning that the former treatments produced more commercial sprouts. The lateral roots were more formed in blue light and dark imbibition than the other light treatments, but were completely blocked by any light treatment lasted during the whole imbibition. Although any light quality treatment did not influence their primary root lengths, blue light one lengthened the hypocotyl more than the others treated during the imbibition, and far-red light enlarged its diameter. Despite this morphological change, component, total or economic yield was not significantly different among the light quality treatments during the imbibition.