The object of this study conducted to investigate the effect of paddy-upland rotation cropping system on soil properties and crop productivity in newly reclaimed tidal land. Five types of paddyupland rotation cropping system were evaluated : Rice-Rice (RR) Rice-Maize (RM), Mize-Maize (MM), Rice-Soybean (RS), Soybean-Soybean (SS). The soil bulk density was the lowest RM treatment, and soil pH was a tendency to be lower in all treatments of the paddy-upland rotation cropping system. RM treatment showed a higher moisture content and lower Electrical conductivity than RR treatment. Results of maize productivity in paddy-upland rotation cropping system, Except for the stem diameter growth, RM treatment showed good growth and productivity than MM treatment. Soybean growth and yield increased in the rotated upland cultivation from rice-paddy field compared to the SS treatment. But, overall treatments indicated poor growth and yield. In this study, we offer the effects of paddyupland rotation cropping system on the soil properties and upland crop growth and yield, and also out results can be provide supporting basic data that introduced paddy-upland rotation in reclaimed tidal land.

Soil salinity is the most critical problem at reclaimed tidal saline soil in Korea. The objective of this study was carried out investigate the salt movement in upland soils at Gyehwa-do region in Saemangeum reclaimed land on the south Korea coasts. The experiment was conducted 5% sloped polt (3.0 m × 10.0 m) with 14 treatments and it were separated by low salinity division (LSD) and high salinity division (HSD) install. The cation content in ground water increased during time course, but in the case of land surface water the content was variable, and K+was lower than that of Na and Mg. At the LSD under rainproof condition, the salinity was directly proportional to soil water content, but at the HSD the tendency was no reversed. In condition of rainproof, the amount of soil salinity was higher at the HSD than at the LSD. Positive correlation was obtained between the soil water content and available phosphorous content at the rainfall division, but there was no significance at the surface soil of the rainproof division. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and anion (Cl−, SO4 −) contents in soil were repressed in the order of vinyl-mulching > Rice straw-mulching > control plot. Our results indicate that soluble salt control is critical at reclaimed tidal saline soil and the results can provide some useful information for deciding management plans to reduce salt damage for stable crop production and diverse utilization or cultivation could be one of the management options to alleviate salt damages at reclaimed tidal saline soil in Korea.

Soil salinity at newly reclaimed land in west coast of Korea is highly variable and depending on soil characteristics and weather conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics changes on soil electrical conductivity and exchangeable sodium percentage in Saemangeum newly reclaimed land. Experimental sites was selected at Gyehwa (35o75'N, 126o60'E) in Saemangeum reclaimed land and their dominant soil series was Munpo (coarseloamy, mixed, non-acid, mesic, typic Fluvaquents). Soil samples were periodically collected at 0 ~ 20 cm and 20 ~ 40 cm layer from each site. Soil electrical conductivity had a wide range from 0.15 to 41.76 dS/m, which was variable according to the weather conditions. The average soil electrical conductivity from March 2014 to 2015 was 6.4 and 3.4 dS/m at Gyehwa in Seamangeum reclaimed land. Calcium concentration in soil solution was negatively correlated with soil electrical conductivity and soluble sodium. Soluble sodium concentration had great variations and it was the most influencing single factor for temporal variations of soil electrical conductivity regardless of soil textural properties. The characteristics of Saemangeum reclaimed land had different shares of saline and sodic properties during the experimental period. Our results indicate that persistent monitoring and modeling on soil salinity at coastal tide land is fundamental and the results can provide some useful information for deciding management plans for diverse utilization or to reduce salt damage for stable crop production at reclaimed tidal land.

간척지에서 자생하는 자귀풀은 콩과잡초로서 휴먼성이 강하 고 종피가 딱딱한 껍질에 싸여있어 채종한 종자는 발아율이 저조하므로 발아율을 높이기 위하여 황산, 온도 및 모래를 을 이용한 종피파상 방법을 이용한 휴면타파 효과를 구명하기 위 하여 본 시험을 수행하여 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 2013년도 간척지에서 채종한 자귀풀 발아세와 발아율은 18.0%와 27.0%, 2014년 채종 종자는 15.8%와 21.5%을 보였다. 2. 자귀풀 종자의 황산처리효과는 황산용액 50% 처리에서 는 무 처리와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 황산용액 100% 처 리에서는 채종 연도와 관계없이 71.0% ~ 73.0%의 발아율을 나 타내었다. 3. 온도처리 효과는 90oC 고온 상태에서 각각 20, 30, 40분 처리시의 발아율은 처리시간 40분에서 90% 이상의 높은 발아 율을 보여 처리시간이 길어질수록 발아율은 증가할 것으로 사 료된다. 4. 모래를 이용한 종피파상 처리는 2014년 채종한 종자는 종자량과 모래의 비율이 4배 처리에서 94.0%로 가장 높은 발 아율을 보였고, 2배 처리에서도 80%의 발아율을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 간척지에서 채종한 자귀풀의 휴면 타파는 많은 노력이나 시설 및 비용이 추가되는 온도처리나 황산처리보다 주변에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 모래를 이용한 종 피파상법이 좋을 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 새로 조성된 간척지에서 사료맥류 종자의 안정생산을 위한 적정 파종량을 구명코자 2011년부터 2013년까지수행하였다. 청보리와 트리티케일은 ha당 200, 300 및 400 kg호밀과 귀리는 ha당 100, 200 및 300 kg을 파종하고 토양화학성과 작물별 수량성을 조사 하였다. 사료맥류의 출현율과 입모율은 호밀, 트리티케일, 청보리, 귀리 순으로 높았다. 사료맥류 종실의 질소 함량은 트리티케일, 호밀, 보리, 귀리 순으로높았고 트리티케일과 호밀은 파종량 증가에 따라 질소함량이높아지는 경향을 나타냈다. 사료맥류의 종실수량은 트리티케일, 귀리, 호밀, 청보리 순으로 많았다. 파종량에 따른 종실수량은 청보리와 트리티케일은 ha당 300 kg에서, 호밀과 귀리는200 kg에서 많았다. 수량구성요소 중 m2당 이삭수가 종실수량에 큰 영향을 미쳤고 수당립수와 천립중은 파종량 감소에 따라증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 연구 결과 새로 조성된 간척지에서동계 사료맥류 종자의 안정생산을 위한 적정 파종량은 ha당 청보리는 320 kg, 트리티케일은 290 kg, 호밀은 220 kg, 귀리는210 kg으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 논토양에서 돈분액비의 시용이 화본과 및 두과 녹비작물의 생육과 양분공급량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해, 화본과 녹비작물과 두과 녹비작물을 파종하여 돈분액비 시용유무에 따라 biomass 및 양분공급량을 조사하였다. 파종된 화본과 녹비작물은 호밀(Secale cereale L.)과 청보리(Hordeum vulgare L.)이었으며, 두과 녹비작물은 자운영(Astragalus sinicus L.)과 헤어리베치(Vicia villosa roth)이었다. 돈분액비를 투입함에 따라 녹비작물의 biomass는 유의성 있게 증가하였으며, 돈분액비 무시용구 대비 돈분액비 시용구의 biomass 증가율은 청보리(154%) > 호밀(138%) > 헤어리베치(45%) > 자운영(41%)순으로 높았다. 녹비작물의 양분공급량도 biomass와 마찬가지로 돈분액비를 투입함에 따라 유의성 있게 증가하는 경향이었으며, 돈분액비 무시용구 대비 돈분액비 시용구의 N, P2O5 및 K2O 공급량은 각각 205∼220, 109∼197 및 166∼184% 범위이었다. 돈분액비를 투입함에 따른 녹비작물의 biomass와 양분공급량 증가율은 전반적으로 두과 녹비작물보다 화본과 녹비작물에서 매우 우수한 경향이었다. 특히, 화본과 녹비작물의 증가된 양분공급량은 두과 녹비작물에 비해 약 3배 정도 더 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 돈분액비 시용에 따른 양분이용효율은 화본과 녹비작물(호밀 및 청보리)이 두과 녹비작물(자운영 및 헤어리베치)에 비해 더 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

새로 조성된 간척농지의 토양개량을 위하여 새만금간척지에서 2007년부터 2011년까지 4년 동안 녹비작물 (여름철 : 세스바니아, 제주재래피, 수수×수단그라스, 겨울철 : 귀리, 호밀, 보리) 재배 및 시용이 토양이화학성에 미치는 영향을 조사하여얻은 결과는 다음과 같다.1. 녹비작물의 바이오매스 생산량은 평균 9.7~15.0ton/ha이었으며, 이 중에서 수수×수단그라스의 생산량이 가장 많았다.2. 녹비작물의 재배와 시용으로 토양유기물 함량이 1.3에서6.0g/kg로 매년 평균 1.2g/kg씩 증가하였다.3. 녹비작물의 재배와 토양환원에 의해 토양의 용적밀도가1.44에서 1.24Mg/m3로 감소하였다.4. 수수×수단그라스와 호밀의 이어짓기가 토양 용적밀도 감소에 가장 효과적이었고, 세스바니아 재배는 토양 질소함량 증가에 가장 효율적이었다.이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 간척지에서의 녹비작물 재배및 시용은 토양의 비옥도 요인을 일부 개선시킴으로써 간척농지 개량에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 앞으로 신간척지에서의 유기물과 관련된 다각적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Paddy-upland rotation system is one of the important cropping system for improving soil quality and crop productivity. we conducted to investigate the effect of paddy-upland rotation system on soil properties and crop productivity in reclaimed tidal land. The paddy-upland rotation could be effective to conserve soil water contents and prevent from salt damage when cultivating upland crops. The first two years of maize cultivation after rice cultivation could be effective to secure stable production. However, in case of soybean crop, the rotation effect might be lower than that of maize. In the first year, the yield of soybean was 214 kg/10a. In the second and third year, the yields of soybean decreased consecutively to 152, 123 kg/10a respectively. In this paper, it would be suggested that maize be cultivated for up to two years and soybean be cultivated for one year after rice crop grown in reclaimed tidal land. This study could be provide basic data of the physico-chemical properties applicable to paddy-upland rotation system at reclaimed tidal lands.

This experiment was conducted to establish a cultivation system for sorghum in reclaimed soils. Pot experiments were used to test the effects on seedling establishment of sowing depth, soil water content, and soil salinity using seeds of Nampungchal-susu and Hwanggeumchal-susu in reclaimed soil. Field experiments were also conducted to examine differences in growth characteristics and yield production, by sowing time, and planting distance. The result of the pot experiment, examining seedling establishment at various sowing depths revealed that, it was the highest 76.7% when the seeds were sown at a depth of 3 cm. Seedling establishment did not differ with soil water content between 10~30 kpa and at 51~70 kpa. No effects of seed moisture absorption before sowing were observed. Seedling establishment showed no differences with soil salinity below 3.2 dS m-1, but decreased with Salinity above 4.8 dS m-1. In field experiments to assess the effects on seedling establishment ratio of sowing time, Nampungchal-susu was revealed to have a high seedling establishment ratio following sowing on June 15. Hwanggeumchal-susu did not exhibits effects of sowing time, on seedling establishment ratio but exhibited higher seedling establishment when in low soil salinity conditions than when sown in high soil salinity conditions. With respect to yield, the yield of the seeds sown on June 15 was higher by 13% for Nampungchal-susu and by 29% for the Hwanggeumchal-susu than that those sown on June 25. With respect to soil salinity, the yield at a soil salinity of 3.2 dS m-1 was lower by 23% than that at 1.6 dS m-1 or lower for Nampungchal-susu, and was lower by 30% Hwanggeumchal-susu. With respect to planting density, both breeds showed the highest yield at 60×10 cm. These results suggest that a sowing time of June 15 and a seeding distance of 60×10 cm are appropriate for sorghum in reclaimed land.

This experiment was conducted to identify the variations in inorganic nutrients and plant growth in millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) due to soil salinity. The soil series was Munpo and soil texture was silt loam. The experimental soil was amended so that the soil had salinities of 0.8 dS m-1, 1.6 dS m-1, 3.2 dS m-1 and 4.8 dS m-1. Millet was transplanted 15 days after sowing. As soil salinity increased, the degree of reduced growth was in the order of seed production > root dry matter > plant dry matter > culm length > tiller number > stem thickness > Panicle length. Seed production was decreased to 18.9% in soil salinity of 1.6 dS m-1, 36.9% in of 3.2 dS m-1, and 50.7% in EC of 4.8 dS m-1. Root dry matter decreased to 35.8% in EC of 3.2 dS m-1, and to 40.5% in EC of 4.8 dS m-1. As soil salinity increased, Total nitrogen content increased in all aboveground parts, roots and seeds. However, There was no difference in CaO, P2O5, K2O and, MgO in soils of different salinity. On the other hand, Na2O content was higher in the order roots> shoots> seed, and in the case of roots, Na2O content increased to 1.02% in soil salinity of 4.8 dS m-1. However, up to soil salinity of 1.6 dS m-1, the Na2O content of the seed was similar to that in plant grown in the Control conditions(0.8 dS m-1). In conclusion, taking into consideration economic factors, millet could be cultivated in soil with salinities of up to approximately 1.6 dS m-1, and seed produced from reclaimedland would be suitable for human consumption.

his experiment was carried out to figure out the growth and yield of waxy corn after cultivating the hairy vetch which was mostly used as a green manure crop. The waxy corn showed the growth and yield efficiency relative to conventional culture after the hairy vetch was returned to as the green manure and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased, and the LAI was similar to the conventional culture when less than 18 kg. Length of ear slightly decreased compared to 188 mm of conventional culture when the hairy vetch was used as the green manure and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was less than 9 kg, but the length of ear increased relative to the conventional culture when the amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer was more than 18 kg. The highest 100-kernel weight was 35.4 g with the hairy vetch and 27 kg of nitrogen fertilizer treatment. The lowest 100-kernel weight was 27.4 g with the hairy vetch and 0 kg of nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Quantity with the hairy vetch and 9 kg of the nitrogen fertilizer treatment was similar the conventional culture. Suger content with the hairy vetch and more than 18 kg of the nitrogen fertilizer treatment was higher than the conventional culture. Thickness of pericarp showed no difference among treatments.

Stable production of green manure crop is one of the critical factor for successful implementation of environmental-friendly agriculture in South Korea. Most green manure crops including hairy vetch cultivated in South Korea must be passed cold winter season. This study was conducted to establishment of cultivation zones on green manure crops under paddy field in South Korea using on minimum temperature and drainage class. In order to build the spatial distribution map, hairy vetch, triticale, barley, rye, and clover as green manure crop were selected and mean of daily minimum temperature and drainage class in paddy field were considered as limiting factor for stable growth of green manure crop. And cultivation zone on green manure crops was divided into two categories; ‘Availability area’ and ‘Safety area’. Low limit temperature on green manure crops in this study was the following. Temperature on ‘Availability area’ was –10℃, –8℃, –6℃, and –20℃ for hairy vetch (including triticale), barley, clover, and rye respectively. And temperature on ‘Safety area’ was lower –2℃ compared to that of ‘Availability area’ exception rye which was the same degree. Rye was expected to safely cultivated the almost whole paddy field (99.71%) of South Korea. ‘Safety area’ among the whole paddy field for hairy vetch, barley, and clover were 86.58, 53.06, and 15.76% respectively. The spatial distribution map of green manure crops reestablished in this study could be used the policy and agricultural management for environmental-friendly agriculture using green manure crops in South Korea.

본 연구는 하천변 농경지에서 질소시비수준에 따른 옥수수의 생육특성과 수량성을 살펴보고 광합성 측정과 성분 분석을 통해 질소가 미치는 영향을 구명하여 하천변 농경지재배에서 질소 시비의 필요성과 적정 질소 시비를 통한 수량 증대의 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 수행하였다. 질소 처리에 따른 옥수수 생육특성은 초장과 착수고의 경우 질소시비량에 의한 큰 차이가 없었다. 광합성은 질소 시비량이 증가할수록 증가하여 36 kg 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 옥수수의 NDF와 ADF 함량은 처리구간 차이 없었으며 NDF는 출웅 후 8일 이후 감소하였으며, ADF는 출웅 후 15일 이후 감소하였다. 옥수수 잎의 질소 흡수량은 출웅기에 36 kg 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 수량 및 수량구성요소는 이삭길이와 100립중의 경우 처리구간 유의차가 없었으나 이삭직경과 립수의 경우 무처리구와 9 kg 처리구에 비하여 18 kg 처리구와 36 kg 처리구에서 증가하였고, 과피는 18 kg 처리구와 36 kg 처리구에 비하여 무처리구와 9 kg 처리구에서 두꺼웠고, 수량은 무처리구에 비하여 18 kg 처리구, 36 kg 처리구, 9 kg 처리구가 많았다. 옥수수 종실의 전분함량은 처리구간 유의차가 없었으며, 총당은 18 kg 처리구가 가장 높았고 아밀로펙틴은 18 kg 처리구에서 가장 높았으나 아밀로오스는 18 kg 처리구에서 가장 낮아 18 kg 처리구에서 찰성이 가장 강하였다. 이상의 결과로 하천변 농경지에서 옥수수 재배시 질소시비가 필요하며 가장 이상적인 질소 시비량은 10a당 18kg 정도로 판단된다.