This study investigated the inactivation effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) on various packaging films. The UV-C transmittance irradiance varied depending on the packaging materials, with the control group having an irradiance of 3.959 W/m2. For the thinnest layer of 30 mm, polypropylene (PP) had an irradiance of 3.258 W/m2, polyethylene (PE) had an irradiance of 3.193 W/ m2, and oriented polypropylene (OPP) had an irradiance of 3.200 W/m2. In contrast, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) exhibited a significantly lower irradiance of only 0.065 W/m2 for its thinnest film thickness of 100 mm. The light transmittance of the packaging materials was similar, with values of 91.3%, 89.7%, and 89.5% for PP, PE, and OPP, respectively. In contrast, PET exhibited a significantly lower light transmittance of 1.8% compared to the other packaging materials. These findings have practical implications for the food packaging industry. According to the packaging film material, the sterilization effects showed that the E. coli sterilization effect of PP was the highest, followed by PE and OPP, which were similarly effective. At the same time, PET exhibited the lowest sterilization effect. For PP film with a thickness of 30 mm, a 6.2 log reduction in the E. coli population was observed after 20 s of IPL treatment. Ultimately, inactivation was achieved after 60 seconds. Both PE and OPP films, which had a thickness of 30 mm, showed a 5.9 log reduction in E. coli after 30 s of IPL treatment, followed by complete inactivation after 60 s. The inactivation rate for PP, PE, and OPP films showed minimal variation regardless of thickness, although it gradually decreased with increasing thickness. For PET, achieving a 1 log reduction in E. coli required 180 s of IPL treatment at 100 mm thickness and 210 s at 120 mm thickness, indicating the influence of film thickness on inactivation rate. Even after 300 s of IPL treatment, the inactivation effect for PET remained around 1.5 log, the lowest among all packaging film materials.

본 연구에서는 처리용기의 재질에 따른 광펄스의 살균 효과에 대해서 알아보았다. 처리용기의 재질에 따른 UV-C 의 광량은 대조구는 3.595W/m2이었으며, 두께 1 mm에서 석영은 3.358W/m2, 아크릴은 0.878W/m2, 그리고 유리는 0.060W/m2였으며, 빛의 투과율은 석영은 93.4%, 아크릴은 24.4%, 유리는 1.7%로 나타났다. 처리 용기 재질에 따른 살균 효과는 석영은 처리용기의 두께와 상관없이 대조구와 동일한 살균 효과를 보였으며, 아크릴은 1 mm 두께에서 60초 처리 후 1.1 log 사멸하였으며, 180초 처리 후에는 5.0 log의 사멸효과를 보였으며, 두께가 증가함에 따라 살균 효과가 현저히 감소하였다. 유리는 두께와 관계없이 살균 효과가 거의 없었다. 사멸패턴은 유리를 제외하고는 모두 bi-phasic의 형태를 보였으며, 사멸속도상수와 D 값은 대조 구는 k1값은 0.287 s−1이었으며, k2값은 0.072 s−1이었고, D1 은 8.02 s였으며, D2는 31.87 s였다. 1 mm의 두께에서 석영 은 k1은 0.284 s−1, k2는 0.069 s−1, 아크릴은 k1은 0.018 s−1, k2는 0.042 s−1이었고, 유리는 k는 0.004 s−1이었다. 두께 1 mm에서 D값은 석영은 D1=8.11 s, D2=33.87, 아크릴은 D1 =127.94 s, D2=54.83 s, 유리는 D=575.75 s로 나타났다.

광펄스 살균은 제품에 열을 발생시키지 않고 포장된 상태로 제품을 살균할 수 있어 신선제품의 유통기한을 연장시킬 수 있는 기술이다. 본 연구에서는 포장재질로 많이 사용되고 있는 PP, OPP, PE, 그리고 PET 등 포장 필름 재질에 따른 광펄스 살균효과에 대해 알아보았다. PP의 경우에는 20 μm 두께에서 20초 처리시 6 log 정도의 사멸 효과를 보였으며, 60초 처리 후에는 모든 균이 사멸되었고, 두께에 따라 사멸율에 큰 차이는 없었으나 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였다. OPP와 PE의 경우에는 30 μm 두께에서 30초 처리시 6 log, 60초 후에는 모든 균이 사멸하였다. PET의 경우에는 다른 포장 재질에 비해 낮은 살균 효과를 나타내었다. 필름 재질별 빛의 투과율은 PET를 제외하고는 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았으나, PP가 가장 높은 투과율을 나타내었다. 포장재질의 두께가 두꺼워짐에 따라 빛의 투과율은 점차 낮아지는 경향을 보였으나 PET를 제외하고는 큰 차이를 보이지는 않는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of superheated steam (SHS) treatment on the inactivation of an enzyme involved in the racidity of brown rice as well as the degree of rancidity during storage of brown. Brown rice was treated with SHS at temperatures of 160oC, 200oC, and 240oC, and the result showed that the degree of starch damage was higher in the brown rice treated with SHS at higher temperature. Lipoxygenase was inactivated by treating with SHS for 20 s at 160oC, 15 s at 200oC, or 5 s at 240oC. The acidity and sensory evaluation of the brown rice treated with SHS showed that the acidity was decreased as the SHS treatment increased and SHS temperature became higher. The result of the sensory evaluation showed a similar tendency. These results show that the SHS treatment has potential as a method for improving the brown rice storage quality.

This study aimed to examine the quality and sensory properties of yackwa using baking soda (BS), baking powder (BP), and yeast (YE) instead of alcohol in order to make a Halal standard product. The moisture content of yackwa was the highest when BP was used, while the fat content of yackwa was the lowest at 1.5% BP, and the highest at 1.5% YE. The chromaticity values (L, a, b) were the most similar to those of the control when BP was used. The L and b values increased when BP was used, and decreased when YE was used. The swelling ratio was the highest at 257.3±2.7% in comparison with the control when 0.9% YE was used. The leavening ratio was similar regardless of the type and content of leavening agents. Hardness was 1,179.16±184.45 kg at 0.3% BP, generally decreasing as leavening agent content increased. The resilience was 0.19±0.01% at 1.2% BP and lowest in the control, but its difference by leavening agents was not significant. The taste and preference were at 6.07±2.22 and 5.96±2.07, respectively, when 1.2% BP was used.

Taro is an alkaline food containing a lot of protein, vitamin C, and minerals. Matang is a food prepared by frying a starch-containing material in oil and glazing with honey or starch syrup and it is widely enjoyed as simple snack or dessert in Asian countries including Korea. In this study, to increase the usability of taro having high nutritional values, taro matang was prepared by varying the types of starch while the physical and sensory properties were investigated. The taro matang was prepared by mixing corn starch, sweet potato starch, potato starch, and sticky rice starch with taro. The chromaticity of taro matang samples were measured, and the results showed that the corn starch taro matang was the brightest (L=40.48±1.17) and the potato starch matang was the darkest (L=33.81±1.33). The pH of the taro matang samples were within the range of 6.16-6.26 with no significant difference. The physical properties of the prepared taro matang samples were measured. The hardness and fracturability of the sweet potato starch taro matang were the highest at 3,414.79 and 1,570.03, respectively. The springiness and chewiness of the corn starch taro matang were the highest at 0.95 and 1,773.24, respectively. With regard to sensory properties and preference, the taro matang samples having lower hardness and brighter chromaticity were preferred. The preference for the flavor, crispness, softness, taste, and overall preference of the potato starch taro matang were the highest. Therefore, taro matang prepared as snack or dessert by mixing with potato starch may satisfy consumers’ demand.

To investigate the preference of food of the elderly for developing processed elderly food, this study was conducted from February 2014 to March 2014 by questionnaire including dietary behaviors, food preference, and frequency of food intake to 119 elderly (49 males and 70 female) who were more than 65 years old and living in Jeonju. Most subjects ate three meals regularly and most of the subjects’ favorite meal time was lunch. The duration time of one meal was 20 min (48.74%). The most preferred taste was delicate and sweet. The subject preferred cooked rice with multi-grains, kalguksu (hot noodle), and abalone porridge to other staple foods. Almost 50% of the subjects liked soybean paste soup and stew, and the ratio of elderly who liked Chinese cabbage kimchi was 72.3%. Preference for panfried foods leaned toward pan fried fish fillet and mung bean pancake. Most subjects preferred plant foods like vegetables, lettuce, and seaweeds. The elderly in Jeonju liked roasted pork, grilled yellow croaker, and stir-fried octopus. Cooked and seasoned vegetables (namul) were the most preferred type by the elderly. Preferences for dishes and food materials were not affected by sex and ages. Most subjects preferred eating out with Korean food. Preference for eating food was selected in grilled beef ribs, a pork cutlet, sushi·broiled eels, and Chinese noodles. Western Japanese and Chinese food were preferred by an elderly subject, who was male and who liked Japanese food more than female.