This study was taken place to find out the psychological change with comparing before and after the experience of installation of indoor garden with 55 of subjects out of 62 subjects. More than 50% of subject answered that the garden management would be difficult before they experience the installation but the pressure was decreased while the interest of plants and landscape increased, however, the burden of management decreased and the interest in the kinds of plants and landscape design tended to increase after the experience of the installation. The psychological effect of indoor garden of workers was significantly increased with the question of “Indoor garden improves effect of air cleaning.” after the experience of installation and the loyalty was statistically increased with the question of “Intend to invest more fund to purchase indoor plant” (p <.05). As a result of the comparison of two psychological indicators, the recovery index of the state according to experience of indoor gardening was significantly higher after experiencing the indoor garden than before the indoor gardening experience. As the result of sensibility evaluation of pleasant, natural and calm with semantic differential method, workers feel more of them with the indoor garden. In addition, the loyalty was statistically significantly higher in the question “I would be willing to invest more in plant purchase” after experiencing the composition indoor garden (p <.05). This result is similar to the result that the resident’s recovery index, pleasantness, calm feeling, and emotional index are higher the indoor garden in public resting area with indoor garden than without indoor garden. With this study, the perception of indoor garden changed as a result of the worker’s experience of indoor gardening in the workplace and the view of the indoor garden created by the workers. As the psychological healing effect of indoor garden increased, increase in the cost investment for the emotional health promotion of the workers is expected to have a positive effect on the increase of the indoor garden.

분화활동에 따른 인간의 생리 및 감성변화를 알아보기 위해 20대 피험자 남녀 총 31명을 대상으로 뇌파, 심박변동성, SD(semantic differential)법을 실시하였다. 실험은 각각 10분씩 유리용기(지름 30cm)에 분화식물을 장식하는 작업, IT활동(문서 작성)하는 작업을 실시 하고 사전/후 측정하였다. IT활동(문서 작성)을 대조구로 하여 분화장식활동을 비교한 결과, IT활동보다 식물활동을 하였을 때 상대적 느 린 알파파(RSA)가 대부분의 측정지점에서 높게 나타났고, 알파/빠른 베타(RAHB)가 시각기능을 담당하는 두정엽(P3, P4)에서 높게 나타 나 스트레스나 긴장감을 거의 동반하지 않은 안정, 이완효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 분화장식활동을 한 후보다 IT활동(문서작성)을 한 후 시각기능을 담당하는 상대적 빠른 알파파(RFA)가 좌반구 두정엽 (P3)에서 높게 나타나 몰입도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 IT활 동(문서작성)보다 분화장식 활동을 했을 때 뇌활성도(SEF 90)가 좌반구 측두엽(T3), 우반구 후두엽에서 통계적으로 유의성있게 높게 나타 나 스트레스를 동반한 상태에서 고도의 집중력 효과가 있는 것으로 볼 수 있었다. 분화장식활동과 IT활동을 한 후 심박수의 차이는 거의 나 타나지 않았으나 IT활동보다 분화장식 활동에서 자율신경계활동 중 부교감신경계활성의 지표인 HF(high frequency)성분이 더 높게, 교감 신경계활성 지표인 LF(low frequency)성분은 IT활동보다 분화장식활동을 한 후에서 더 낮게 나타나 IT활동보다 분화장식활동이 안정감 을 갖는 경향을 보였으며 이러한 결과는 뇌파분석과 유사한 경향이었다. 분화장식활동과 IT활동에 따른 피험자 선호도는 분화장식활동 (4.00/5), IT활동(2.58/5)로 분화장식활동이 IT활동보다 통계적으로 유의성있게 높게 나타났다. 또한 SD 감성어휘조사에서 IT활동했을 때 보다 분화장식 활동을 했을 때 쾌적감, 자연감, 진정감이 유의성있게 높게 나타났다. 이는 분화장식활동이 IT활동보다 생리·심리적으로 안 정, 이완, 그리고 적절한 각성 상태에서 내적, 외적 주의집중력 향상 효과를 주는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 따라서 식물을 활용한 분화장식활 동은 스트레스가 있는 대상자들에게 적용하는 것이 유용할 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 뇌활성도(SEF 90)이 IT활동보다 높게 나온 결과는 추 후 지속적 연구를 통해 긴장의 종류를 밝혀내야 할 것으로 생각된다.

The study was surveyed to 269 respondents for investigating psychological response to indoor foliage plants grouped by four type of design materials. 21 indoor foliage plants grouped as filler, mass, form, and line plant, are shown to each respondent for surveying the preference and emotion by SD (semantic differential) scale. It was statically significant that the filler plant group was the least preferred one between the indoor foliage plant and the preference of line plant group was the highest. In filler plant Scindapsus aureus is significantly favored, in mass plant Aglaonema crispum and Syngonium podophyllum, in form plant Ficus banghalensis in line plant Dracaena fragrans ‘Lemon Lime’, respectively. The green is the most preferred color of leaf and gray is the least one. When investigated on the major emotions felt with four types of indoor foliage plant with SD scale, filler plant felt as ‘Bright’, ‘Light’, ‘Pale’, mass plant ‘Warm’, ‘Sharp’, form plant ‘Simple’, ‘Luxurious’ and line plant ‘Sophisticated’, ‘Luxurious’, ‘Pleasant’, ‘Soft’ and ‘Fancy’, respectively. This result will be valuable when the indoor garden is designed with an indoor foliage plant.

This study was conducted to know the visual preference and emotional change for the cut-flower decoration at public indoor space by using vertical, horizontal, and round type which are generally used. The investigation was done with 173 participants of National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science in 3 indoor areas designed with cut-flower decoration and 1 area of public place without it, respectively. Psychological evaluation was analyzed with the visual preference of cut flower shape and Semantic Differential method. In addition, the general awareness, loyalty and importance for cut-flower decoration were investigated. Statistical analysis was carried out with paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, cross correlation analysis, and analysis of frequency. As the result of evaluating the emotion of subjects with Semantic Differential, the feeling of comfort, nature and calm were significantly high in the public indoor space with cut-flower decoration. When we surveyed the feeling for the 3 type of cut-flower decoration with 14 pairs of emotional vocabulary, the participants felt ‘tranquil’ and ‘comfortable’ in the public indoor space with horizontal and round shaped decoration while they felt ‘strong’ and ‘anxious’ in the space with vertical shaped decoration. The preference of decoration forms was significantly high with round > horizontal > vertical type in order and vertical shape was highly preferred in twenties and sixties groups compared to other types significantly. In conclusion, we could recommend that round type decoration can be used in indoor place where comfort and calm are required and vertical form will be appropriate for challenging and vibrant twenties and depressed sixties with ageing. This customized cut-flower decoration will improve the environment quality of employment.

Background : Despite the presence of various bioactive compounds in ginseng, there is lack of study on the variations of bioactive compounds in ginseng according to the cultivation of soil and the applied fertilizer types (or amount). Therefore, this study aims to examine the variations of 37 fatty acids (FA) and 8 vitamin E (Vit-E) vitamers in 6-year-old ginseng root cultivated in different soil types with different fertilizers regimes. Methods and Results : The profiling of 37 FAs and 8 Vit-E vitamers in 6-year-old ginseng roots was measured by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector, and then these results were statistically analyzed with chemometrics. The FA and Vit-E content in ginseng roots varied significantly with respect to soil cultivation conditions due to organic fertilizer types and amounts used. Unsaturated FA in ginseng is approximately 2.7 fold higher than the saturated FA. Linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids were the most abundant FAs found in the ginseng roots. Also, the major Vit-E vitamer found in ginseng root is α -tocopherol. In particular, the application of rice straw compost or food waste fertilizer was increased to create nutritionally-desirable FAs and bioactive Vit-E in ginseng root. In addition, phytonutrient profiling coupled with chemometrics can be used to discriminate the cultivation conditions of ginseng. Conclusion : This preliminary study extends our understanding about the variations of FA and Vit-E in ginseng root depending on cultivation conditions. Hence, these results can be useful as basic information for reliable ginseng production containing high amounts of phytonutrients in a paddy-converted field.

This study investigates and analyzed the psychological effect of existence or non-existence of cut-flowers decoration in the conference place by the presenting eight colors of decorations (white, pink, blue, orange, red, green, purple, and yellow) to the participants, 103 numbers of genders. The measurement of psychological condition was carried out and compared with an attention recovery scale, profile of mood states (POMS) and semantic differential (SD method). In addition, paired t-test, One way ANAVA and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used for the statistical analysis. As the result of investigation for the general awareness of cut-flower decoration, the most priority is its color tone and 57.3% of participants which is the highest portion answered that the amount of annual investment for cut-flower decoration is 20,000～99,000 Won. According to the result of comparison for three psychological indexes, the attention recovery scale was significantly higher in the area with cut-flower decoration than the area without it. In POMS, it showed the negative emotions, such as, tension-anxiety, depression, confusion was low while the positive emotion like vigor was significantly higher in the area with cut-flower decoration than the area without it. In addition, the participants could feel the pleasant, natural and clam significantly more in the conference place with cut-flower decoration than the area without it. The order of color preference of cut-flower was Green > White > Pink > Blue > Yellow > Purple > Orange > Red with significant difference. Also, as the result of investigation for the color sensibility of its tone of the cut-flower decoration in conference place with SD method, the participants could feel ‘comfortable’ and ‘calm’ the most with green, white and blue decoration while ‘strong’, ‘vibrant’, ‘uneasy’ of feeling was shown the most in red and orange decoration and ‘warm’, ‘fancy’ in yellow. Based on the result of this study, the workers can have positive psychological effects by having cut-flower decoration or using appropriate colors with cut-flower decoration in the uncomfortable area, such as, conference place.

This study is conducted with the questionnaire survey of 174 participants to investigate the psychological effect of workers with the indoor-garden in lounge of public building. The measurement of mental state was investigated and compared with loyalty, attention restoration, profile of mood states (POMS) and semantic differential method (SD Method) while statistical analysis was compared and analyzed with paired t-test, frequency analysis, cross correlation analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson’s correlation analysis. As the result of analysis of three psychological index, the rate of attention of restoration to the worker was significantly higher in the area where the indoor-garden is installed than the area with no indoor-garden (p≦0.001). Emotional examination showed less negative emotions, such as, the tension, depression, anger, exhaustion or confusion while more positive feeling was vitalized in the area where there is indoor-garden in the lounge than the place with no garden. In addition, as the result of comparison for the index of emotion by gender, negative emotions of men decrease but positive feeling increase more than the group of women in the area where there is indoor-garden in the lounge than the place with no garden. As the result of evaluating the emotion of pleasant, natural and relax with SD method, worker might feel them more in indoor-garden of lounge. Detailed items of plant does not seem to affect to the loyalty in the interest of indoor-garden to the workers, however, behavioral element, such as, feasible investment-cost, provides extremely positive effect (p≦.05). Based on this study, the cognizance of healing effect, attention restoration, profile of mood state (POMS) and emotional quotient by the existence of indoor-garden can be concluded that it will provide the positive effects to diffuse indoor-garden and promotion of emotional health for the staff. In addition, indoor-garden can be practically used to reduce the stress and provide the stability of the indoor-staff.

This study analyzed the questionnaire of 279 participants which counted 26 cases out of total 305 participants. It is organized to find out the influence of indoor-plants for green interior of psychological effect, general awareness and the color or shape of indoor-plants in dining/living area to the preference of consumers and emotional image. 74.6% of participants had the experience of purchasing the indoor-plants for green interior. As the result of general awareness of green interior, the most important factor when the green interior was organized was the shape of plants and the most selected possible amount of investment to the installation was less than 100,000 won which is not high enough. As the result of investigation on participant’s awareness of effect of indoor-plant, 99.3% of participants which was the highest portion answered ‘Indoor-plants improve the psychological stability’ from the selection of five kinds of indoor-plant’s effects. More than 50% of participants showed high interests to the green interior in dining/living area as they selected ‘Preferred’. Decoration of cut-flower and eruption are preferred as the design of dining area. The preference order of 5 types of colors for green interior was white> green> pink> yellow> red and showed significant difference. As the result of investigation on color sensitivity of green-interior area with Standard Deviation method, white and green stimulus group highly shows the emotion of “Clam” and “Comfortable”. In addition, red and pink stimulus group feels hard the emotion, “Fancy”. Cut flower decoration was highly preferred when living area is decorated with 76.6%. Also, there was significant difference in the shapes of green interior in living area with the order of horizontal> round>vertical. According to the result of study on emotional difference with green interior of living area with Standard Deviation, horizontal way has “Calm”, “Comfortable” while vertical provides “Heavy” and “Strong”. This study tries to provide the useful and positive possibility of design direction and improvement of consumption of indoor green-interior by understanding of psychological effect and awareness of indoor-plan.

This study was carried out to investigate the formaldehyde (FA) filtration pattern of additional media for indoor biofilter system. Dry pellet type activated carbon (PAC), activated clay (ACL), zeolite, diatomite, pumice and loess ceramic ball were tested. In the case of dry filter media, formaldehyde purification efficiency was the most excellent with activated clay and then was good with the activated carbon, diatomite, zeolite, and pumice order. PAC and ACL decreased the FA concentration with exponential pattern resulted from dynamic balance between emission and purification. Zeolite, diatomite, pumice, and loess ceramic ball showed high filtration rate at initial time and then increased FA concentration result from breakthrough. PAC, zeolite and diatomite could be recommended as additional filter media for biofilter system considering FA filtration and breakthrough characteristics. FA filtration and breakthrough characteristics were improved with wet media except PAC and ACL. In particular, purification performance improvement and breakthrough mitigation were higher in pumice and loess ceramic balls. PAC+ZEO mixing showed the most high purification performance and breakthrough mitigation in all mixing methods. Thus mixture of PAC with zeolite and vertical mixing could be recommended as additional filter media to improve the FA purification ability and pressure drop with indoor air biofilter system.

본 연구는 그린인테리어용 식물을 활용한 실내 주거공간의 심리적 효과를 알아보기 위해 112명을 대상으로 설문조사하였다. 심리상태측정은 주의회복척도, 단축판 기분상태검사(POMS), 어의구별척도법(SD법)으로 조사하여 빈도분석, 일원배치분산분석, 그리고 Pearson’s 상관분석으로 비교 분석하였다. 그린인테리어에 대한 일반적 인식에 대해 조사한 결과, 그린인테리어 조성시 경관디자인과 식물의 종류를 중요하게 생각하였으며, 설치 투자비용은 200만원 미만이 80.93%, 유지관리비 10~50만원이 81% 이상이었다. 또한 3가지 심리적 지표를 분석한 결과, 주의회복척도는 전체 문항에서 ‘매우 그렇다’고 답변한 대상자의 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 직업군별로 비교한 결과, 회사원보다 주부들의 주의회복력이 더 높았으며 두 직업군 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 기분상태검사는 긴장－불안, 우울, 분노, 피로, 그리고 혼란은 낮게, 활력은 높은 경향이었다. 또한 그린인테리어 실내 주거공간에 대한 감성을 SD법으로 알아본 결과, ‘쾌적감, 자연감, 진정감’ 모두 긍정적으로 유의하게 높은 점수 분포를 나타냈다. 3가지 감성어휘에 대한 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 그린인테리어 주거공간에 대해 모든 감정간에 유의하게 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 그린인테리어가 주는 효과에 대한 응답자의 인식을 분석한 결과, 공기정화효과, 거주자의 작업 능률 향상 효과, 심리적 안정 효과, 그리고 인체의 자연치유력을 높이는 효과에 대해 94% 이상으로 긍정적인 반응을 보였다. 그린인테리어효과의 문항간 상관분석 결과, ‘그린인테리어는 심리적 안정 효과를 높여준다’와 ‘그린인테리어는 공기정화효과를 높여준다’는 0.818로 가장 높은 정의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 본 연구결과, 그린인테리어용 식물을 활용함으로써 거주자들의 심리적 안정과 부정적 정서완화 효과가 클 것으로 기대한다.

본 연구는 그린인테리어 오피스에 대한 심리적 효과를 알아보기 위해, 그린인테리어가 되어있는 오피스와 그린인테리어가 되어있 지 않은 오피스 공간에서 본 분야에 전문가이거나 입문한 여성 76 명을 대상으로 조사하였다. 심리상태측정은 주의회복척도, 단축판 기분상태검사(POMS), semantic differential scale(SD법)로 비 교하였으며, 대응표본 t-test, 빈도분석, 일원배치분산분석, 그리고 Pearson’s 상관분석을 실시하였다. 3가지 심리적 지표를 비교한 결과, 주의회복척도는 그린인테리어가 되어있는 공간보다 그린인 테리어가 되어있지 않은 공간에서 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 기분상태검사는 그린인테리어가 되어있지 않은 오피스보다 그린 인테리어가 되어있는 오피스에서 긴장-불안, 우울, 분노, 피로, 그 리고 혼란은 낮게, 활력은 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 그러 나 기분상태검사를 나이별로 분석한 결과, 그린인테리어가 되어있 는 오피스 공간에서 긴장-불안, 분노, 피로와 같은 항목들에서 age group간의 유의한 차이가 발생하였다. 전체적인 결과로부터 20대 와 60대의 경우 그린인테리어가 되어있는 오피스의 조건에서 40-50대에 비해 부정적인 감정(긴장-불안, 분노, 피로, 혼란)을 많 이 보였고 긍정적인 감정(활력)은 적게 나타낸 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 SD법을 이용한 쾌적감, 자연감, 그리고 진정감에 대한 인상을 평가한 결과, 그린인테리어가 되어있는 오피스에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 그린인테리어가 주는 효과에 대한 인식을 분석한 결과, 공기정화효과, 근로자의 작업 능률 향상 효과, 심리적 안정 효과, 그 리고 인체의 자연치유력을 높이는 효과는 전부 96% 이상으로 나타 났고, 아토피 치유효과는 88.6%로 나타나 그린인테리어에 대해 긍 정적으로 인식하고 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 상관분석 결과, ‘그린인테리어는 공기정화 효과를 높여준다’와 ‘그린인테리어는 심리적 안정 효과를 높여준다’는 0.659로 가장 높은 정의 상관관계 를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 그린힐링오피스를 만들기 위해 그린인 테리어를 활용하는 것에 대한 유용한 가능성을 보여주는 것으로 생 각된다.

본 연구는 공간의 효율성을 높이고 우수한 디자인 특성을 갖는 기능성 식물용기를 개발하고자 하였다. 개발된 기능성 식물용기를 상품화하기 위해 소비자의 디자인 선호도 조사를 실시하였으며, 실제 주거환경에서 시제품을 사용한 후 선호도와 디자인을 평가하였다. 시제품은 스탠드형과 걸이형 2가지 형태로 제작하였다. 먼저, 372명을 대상으로 두 가지 형태의 기능성 식물용기에 대한 경관선호도와 디자인 평가를 수행하였으며, 다음으로 38명을 대상으로 실내환경에서 한 달간 사용 후 선호도와 디자인 평가를 수행하였다. 평가도구는 경관형용사쌍을 이용한 SD scale을 사용하여 요인분석을 하였으며, 디자인 평가는 한국디자인진흥원(2010)에 제작된 굿디자인(GD) 척도를 사용하였다. 식물화분에 대한 기본인식에 대한 조사 결과, 일반화분(2%) 보다 디자인화분(47%), 특수화분(36%), 기능성화분을(15%) 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 식물용기에 대한 소비 욕구가 디자인과 기능성에 따라 좌우된다는 것을 의미한다. 경관선호도 요인분석 결과, 본 연구의 기능성 식물용기는 심미성, 장식성, 선호성, 공간성, 편안함의 5개의 요인으로 유형화 되었으며, 두 가지 형태 모두 주거공간에 적합하고 아름다운 디자인과 편안함을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 디자인 평가 결과, 스탠드형이 걸이형에 비해 경제성을 제외한 적합성, 합목적성, 만족성, 사용성, 제품성, 심미성 등 6 항목에서 유의하게 높은 평가를 받았다. 구매의사도 스탠드형이 높게 나타났다. 사용 후 디자인 평가 결과, 스탠드형이 걸이형 보다 우수한 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발된 스탠드형의 기능성 식물용기는 협소한 장소에 수직적 공간의 활용도를 높여주며, 주거환경에서도 식물을 잘 기르고 감상할 수 있는 디자인으로 판단된다.

포름알데히드의 고농도와 저농도에 따른 식물의 생리적 반응을 보기 위하여 실험을 실시하였다. 실내식물은 관음죽, 팔손이나무, 스킨답서스를 이용하였으며, 포름알데히드는 0, 2(2.5), 10(12.3), 100(123) ppm(mg･m-3)농도로 처리하였다. 그 결과 포름알데히드 처리에 대한 잎 피해증상은 100 ppm의 고농도에서 5시간 처리 후 검은 반점으로 나타났다. 외관상 피해증상은 어린잎과 노화된 모두에서 나타났으며, 팔손이나무의 경우에는 줄기에서도 일부 나타났다. 피해 잎의 책상조직과 해면조직이 파괴되거나 변형되었다. 전체적으로 Peroxidase와 Catalase 함량은 관음죽>팔손이나무>스킨답서스 순서였으며, 처리농도가 높아질수록 함량도 대체로 증가하였다. 피해가 심한 스킨답서스의 경우 고농도 처리시에 기공이 닫히는 비율이 약 80% 가장 높았으며, Catalase 증가량도 가장 컸다. 결과적으로 100 ppm의 고농도에서 포름알데히드 흡수를 저해하기 위해 기공이 닫히거나 효소 함량의 변화가 일부 나타났으나, 저농도에서 적극적 흡수를 위한 반응은 보이지 않았다.