Carbon nanotube-dispersed bismuth telluride matrix (CNT/Bi2Te3) nanopowders were synthesized by chem- ical routes followed by a ball-milling process. The microstructures of the synthesized CNT/Bi2Te3 nanopowders showed the characteristic microstructure of CNTs dispersed among disc-shaped Bi2Te3 nanopowders with as an average size of 500 nm in-plane and a few tens of nm in thickness. The prepared nanopowders were sintered into composites with a homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in a Bi2Te3 matrix. The dimensionless figure-of-merit of the composite showed an enhanced value compared to that of pure Bi2Te3 at the room temperature due to the reduced thermal conductivity and increased electrical conductivity with the addition of CNTs.

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of Gastrocnemius and Low Back-muscle isotonic exercise on static•dynamic standing balance during the period of 4 weeks. This study was two groups pretest-posttest design. Nineteen subjects who were over 22 years old were randomly assigned to either the experimental group that received the Gastrocnemius muscle exercise(n=9) or the low back muscle exercise(n=10) : The former group performed isotonic exercise(plantar flexion), the latter group performed isotonic exercise(trunk extension) a total of 18 times for three times per week for four weeks. Two groups also performed static and dynamic balance before the exercise and 4weeks after the exercise. The data were analyzed by using the paired t-test and independent t-test. The results were as follows: As compared with change of dynamic balance performance capacity at two groups, a significant difference was shown in the test(p<.05), but not in static balance(p>.05). Also, a significant difference of balance between groups was not shown in the test. In this study indicated that gastrocnemius and low back muscle isotonic exercise will have positive impact on standing balance.

The Diadegma fenestrale is known as parasitoid on potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella and diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. The Diadegma genus is reported to have symbiotic virus, ichnovirus, D. fenestrale Ichnovirus (DfIV) was identified from this species which is a first report. DfIV showed typical ichnovirus shape with two membranes surrounding the virus capsid. To identify DfIV genes, whole genome sequencing based on GS-FLX was conducted using purified total DfIV genomic DNA extracted from D. fenestrale calyx. About sixty ORFs were analyzed and several typical ichnovirus gene families were detected such as cys-motif, repeat element, vinnexin and vankyrin. Present study was focused on the gene expression patterns in two different lepidopteran hosts.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are about 21-25 nucleotides in length and regulate mRNA translation by base pairing to partially complementary sites, predominantly in the 3’-untranslated region (3’-UTR) of the target mRNA. In this study, the expression profile of miRNAs was compared and analyzed for the establishment of miRNA-related odontoblast differentiation using MDPC-23 cells derived from mouse dental papilla cells. To determine the expression profile of miRNAs during the differentiation of MDPC-23 cells, we employed miRNA microarray analysis, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Alizaline red-S staining. In the miRNA microarray analysis, 11 miRNAs were found to be up- or down-regulated more than 3-fold between day 0 (control) and day 5 of MDPC-23 cell differentiation among the 1,769 miRNAs examined. In qRT-PCR analysis, the expression levels of two of these molecules, miR-194 and miR-126, were increased and decreased in the control MDPC-23 cells compared with the MDPC-23 cells at day 5 of differentiation, respectively. Importantly, the overexpression of miR-194 significantly accelerated mineralization compared with the control cultures during the differentiation of MDPC-23 cells. These results suggest that the miR-194 augments MDPC-23 cell differentiation, and potently accelerates the mineralization process. Moreover, these in vitro results show that different miRNAs are deregulated during the differentiation of MDPC-23 cells, suggesting the involvement of these genes in the differentiation and mineralization of odontoblasts.

Toxicities of 10 insecticides were examined against late third instars of Culex tritaeniorhynchus using the direct-contact mortality bioassay. Six geospatially distant field mosquitoes were collected from Chuncheon-si (designated CC-CT), Hwaseong (HS-CT), Seosan (SS-CT) Jeonju (JJ-CT), Daegu (DG-CT), and Busan (BS-CT) in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Marked regional variations of insecticide susceptibility were observed. Field populations of SS-CT, JJ-CT and DG-CT from agricultural areas showed higher to extremely higher insecticide susceptibility to pyrethroids than those of CC-CT, HS-CT and BS-CT strains from none agricultural areas. Extremely high to low levels of susceptibility were measured: bifenthrin, susceptible ratio (SR) = 2.7–896.3; β-cyfluthrin, SR = 1.8–633.3; α-cypermethrin, SR = 1.2–1,051.9; deltamethrin, SR = 1.3–711.1; permethrin, SR = 1.5–1,053.4 etofenprox, SR = 2.2–29.3; chlorfenapyr, SR = 5.1–103.6; chlorpyrifos, SR = 2.3–337.0; fenitrothion, SR = 2.0–142.3 and fenthion, SR = 1.4–186.2. Culex tritaeniorhynchus populations from rice paddies had been under heavy selection pressure due to the agricultural insecticides and that’s why the mosquito species demonstrated high resistance to pyrethroids which were used for a long time to control agricultural pests in the localities. These results indicate that careful selection and rotational use of these insecticides mayresult in continued satisfactory control against field populations of Japanese encephalitis vector mosquitoes.

The Diadegma fenestrale was known as parasitoid on potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella and diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. This species, genus Diadegma are first reported from Korea. DfIV showed typical ichnovirus shape which two membranes surround virus capsids. The genome contents of DfIV consist about sixteen double-stranded DNA segments ranging 2 to 6 kb. To identify DfIV genes, whole genome sequencing based on GS-FLX was conducted using purified total viral DNA extracted from D. fenestrale calyx. About sixty ORFs were analyzed and several typical polydna virus gene family detected such as cys-motif, rep, vinnexin and vankyrin. This is the first report of DfIV and these lepidopteran host immune suppression genes will be deeply identified.

Cytokines are known to function as regulatory molecules that can be produced by virtually every nucleated cell type in the body, including lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and many others. Cytokines include lymphocyte-derived factors (lymphokines), monocyte-derived factors (monokines), hematopoietic factors (colony-stimulating factors), connective tissue/ growth factors, and chemotactic chemokines. Cytokines released in response to infection can affect tumor development in different ways. When exposed to infectious agents, cytokines are secreted by sentinel cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. These cytokines include interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as others, such as IL-6, IL-12, and IL-18. When released in sufficient quantities, these molecules can cause inflammation. Chronic inflammation is highly associated with tumor initiation, promotion, and progression. In this article, we review the roles and mechanisms of cytokines in tumor development.

농촌진흥청 원예특작과학원에서는 2003년에 황색 폼 폰 화형인 ‘Restone’에 자주색 폼폰 화형인 ‘Lollipop’을 교배하여 획득한 실생 집단으로부터 황색 적심 폼폰 화형의 겹꽃 ‘03B1-82’ 계통을 선발하였다. ‘03B1-82’ 계통은 2005년 겨울부터 2007년 3년에 걸쳐 1, 2차 특성검정을 통해 안정성, 균일성 및 흰녹병저항성 검정 및 절화수명에 대해 조사되었고, 2008년에는 우수선발 계통으로 ‘원교B1-142호’ 계통번호를 부여받아 3차 특 성검정을 실시하여 안정성, 균일성에 대한 연차별 재현 성 그리고 주년생산성(촉성, 억제재배), 생산자 및 소 비자 기호성을 평가 받았다. ‘원교B1-142호’는 2008년 에 직무육성품종심의회를 거쳐 ‘옐로우캔디’로 명명되 어졌다. 국화 ‘옐로우캔디’는 10월 하순에서 11월 상 순에 자연 개화하는 절화용 스프레이 추국이다. 황색의 적색화심을 지닌 폼폰화형의 겹꽃으로 초세 및 줄기가 강건하다. 특히 여름철 고온기에도 통상화가 많이 발생 하지 않으며, 촉성 및 억제재배 등 주년생산이 가능하 다. 꽃의 직경이 4.3 cm 내외, 꽃잎수는 소화당 180매 이상, 착화수는 본당 8화 내외의 중형화로 절화수명은 18일 정도이다. 재배상 유의점으로는 둥근모양의 폼폰 형이기 때문에 수확시 꽃이 서로 엉키면 꽃이 떨어지는 경우가 있으며, 여름 장마철 또는 겨울철 환기 부족시 흰녹병 발생을 주의하고 주기적인 방제가 필요하다.

Anthocyanins are naturally occuring phytochemicals and the main components of the coloring of plants, flowers and fruits. They are known to elicit antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and cancer preventive activity. In this study, we investigated anthocyanins in black / yellow soybean seedcoats using different methods of detection - thin layer chromatography (TLC), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and HPLC analysis. The anthocyanins in soybean seedcoats were extracted by five independent methods of extraction and the aglycons (anthocyanidins) of the corresponding anthocyanins were prepared by acid mediated hydrolysis. The anthocyanin / anthocyanidin in black soybean seedcoat showed characteristic TLC mobility, CZE electrophoretic retention and HPLC migration time while little of anthocyanins were detected from yellow soybean seedcoat. The extracted anthocyanins showed pH dependent retention time in CZE and spectral change in UV-Vis spectrum. HPLC analysis of the hydrolyzed extract of black soybean seedcoat identified the presence of four anthocyanidins. The major anthocyanin in black soybean seedcoat was cyanin (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside), with the relative order of anthocyanidin in cyanidin > delphinidin > petunidin > pelargonidin.

The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the active stability of shoulder joints according to the frequency of overhead motions, such as serving and spiking, engaged in by female professional volleyball athletes who play different positions, and to provide the results as the basic data for developing exercise programs to prevent shoulder joint injuries. The subjects of this study were 50 Korean female professional volleyball players and positions were as follows: left and right attackers, centers, setters, and liberos. The external rotation and internal rotation muscle strength and muscle strength ratios of the dominant and non-dominant arms of all subjects were measured using Biodex. The results of this study are as follows: Frist, no significant differences were found in the internal and external rotation muscle strength of the dominant and non-dominant arms between positions. Second, for the shoulder joint muscle strength ratio of the dominant arm, by position, the setter showed significantly greater stability compared to the other positions. Third, for the shoulder joint muscle strength ratio of the non-dominant arm, by position, no significant difference in stability between positions was found. Fourth, it was found that the dominant arm had significantly greater instability of the shoulder joint than the non-dominant arm for attackers and centers, but no significant difference was found for setters and liberos. This study comparatively analyzed the muscle strength ratios of the external/internal rotations and dominant/non-dominant arms, which can determine the stability of the shoulder joints between female professional volleyball playing positions that engage in jumps and spikes using only the dominant hand and positions that do not.

Ag2O를 첨가한 압축 벤토나이트에 대하여 관통 확산법으로 요오드 이온의 이동 특성을 관찰하였다. Ag2O를 첨가하지 않은 압축 벤토나이트와 마찬가지로 Ag2O를 첨가한 압축 벤토나이트에서도 요오드 이온은 확산에 의하여 이동하는데, Ag2O를 첨가한 압축 벤토나이트는 Ag2O를 첨가하지 않은 압축 벤토나이트에 비하여 요오드 이온의 초기 누출 시간이 지연되는 것으로 나타났다. Ag2O를 첨가한 압축 벤토나이트에서 요오드 이온의 초기 누출 시간 지연은 확산 용액으로 순수 요오드 이온 수용액을 사용하였을 때 뿐만 아니라 0.1 M NaCl-요오드 이온 수용액을 사용하였을 때에도 관찰되었다. 또한 Ag2O를 첨가한 압축 벤토나이트의 겉보기 확산 계수는 Ag2O를 첨가하지 않은 압축 벤토나이트의 겉보기 확산 계수보다 낮은 값을 나타내었다. Ag2O를 첨가하지 않은 압축 벤토나이트의 유효 확산 계수는 기존 문헌에 보고된 값 과 거의 일치하는 결과를 얻었으며, Ag2O를 첨가한 압축 벤토나이트에서 요오드 이온의 유효 확산 계수는 Ag2O 첨가에 따라 대체적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.

한국원자력연구원의 연구지역에서 고준위방사성폐기물처분을 위한 부지특성평가 기술 구축을 위해 지질특성조사가 1997년부터 지표기반 조사, 시추공 조사를 포함하여 수행되었다. 2006년에는 지하처분연구터널(KURT, KAERI Underground Research Tunnel)을 준공하여 연구지역에 대한 심부지질환경 규명을 위해 노력하고 있다. 본 연구는 한국원자력연구원내 건설된 지하처분연구시설 주변 지역을 연구대상지역으로 하여 지질모델에 대한 수리지질모델의 통합 구축을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구를 위해 연구지역에서 굴착된 9개의 시추공에 대한 현장 수리시험 자료를 이용하였으며, 지질모델에서 도출한 풍화대, 상부저경사단열대, 심부 영역에 존재하는 결정론적 단열대에 대한 수리지질특성을 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과제시된 수리지질모델은 향후 지하수 유동모델링에 이용될 것이다.

에멀션 기반의 계면활성제를 이용한 주형합성법을 이용하여 산촉매로서 염산과 실리카의 전구체인 테 트라에톡시실란을 사용함으로써 메조다공성 실리카 마이크로스피어를 합성하였다. 테트라에톡시실란의 농도 증가에 의해 구형의 입자 형태가 파괴되었고, 기공구조도 크게 변하였다. 산촉매 농도 증가에 의한 구형의 입자형태 파괴 현상은 적었지만 상대적으로 작은 크기의 구형의 마이크로입자가 더 많이 생성되 었다. 하지만, 산성조건에서 입자들 간의 강한 응집현상이 나타남에 따라 낱개의 분리되어 있는 단일입자 를 얻기 위해서는 초음파 등의 후처리 과정이 필요하였다.

Angelica decursiva has been used in Korean traditional medicine as an antitussive, an analgesic, an antipyretic and a cough remedy. However, its anti-cancer properties have not yet been well defined. In our current study, we report the cytotoxic activity and the mechanism of cell death induced by ethanol extracts of Angelica decursiva (EEAD) against the human oral cancer cell line, KB. Treatment of KB cells with EEAD induced apoptotic cell death in both a dose- and time-dependent manner as determined by MTT assay and DNA fragmentation. However, no cytotoxic effects of EEAD against human normal oral keratinocytes (HNOK) were evident. By western blot analysis, we found that apoptosis in KB cells is associated with a decrease in procaspase-7 and -9. In addition, the activation of caspase-7 was detectable in living KB cells by fluorescence microscopy. These results suggest that EEAD exhibits anti-cancer activity in KB cells via apoptosis and thus has potential as an anticancer agent in future drug development strategies.

Angelica decursiva has been used in Korean traditional medicine as an antitussive, an analgesic, an antipyretic and a cough remedy. However, the anti-cancer properties of Angelica decursiva have not yet been well defined. In our current study the cytotoxic activity of ethanol extracts of Angelica decursiva root (EEAD) and the mechanism of cell death exhibited by EEAD were examined in FaDu human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. The cytotoxic effects of EEAD upon the growth of FaDu cells were examined with an MTT assay. In addition, the mechanism of cell death induced by EEAD was evaluated by DNA fragmentation analysis, immunoblotting and caspase activation measurements. EEAD induced apoptotic cell death in FaDu cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, as determined by MTT assay and DNA fragmentation analysis. Furthermore, the proteolytic processing of caspase-3, -7 and -9 was increased by EEAD treatment of FaDu cells. In addition, the activation of caspase-3 and -7 was detected in living FaDu cells by fluorescence microscopy. These results suggest that EEAD can induce apoptosis and suppress cell growth in cancer cells and may have utility as a future anticancer therapy.

고준위방사성폐기물처분을 위한 부지특성평가 기술을 구축하고, 이를 활용하여 심부지질환경을 이해 하기 위해 1997년부터 지금까지 한국원자력연구원 주변 지역을 고준위폐기물처분을 위한 연구지역으로 선정하여 다양한 지질 관련 연구를 수행해왔다. 특히, 2002년에는 고준위폐기물의 처분 대상 심도의 시 추공(지하 500 m)을 굴착하였으며, 2006년에는 지하처분연구시설(KURT, KAERI Underground Research Tunnel)을 준공하여 연구지역에 대한 심부지질환경 규명을 위해 노력하고 있다. 현재, 지하처 분연구터널의 좌측 연구용 모듈 내에 500 m 길이의 장심도 시추공을 굴착하여 다양한 부지특성평가 연 구를 수행 중에 있다. 본 연구는 고준위폐기물의 심지층 처분을 위한 요소 기술인 심부영역의 부지특성평가기술 구축을 위해 장심도 시추공 자료를 이용하여 KURT 주변의 지질구조 분석하였다. 연구지역의 장 심도 시추공에서 지구물리탐사, 시추공 지질조사 등 다양한 현장 조사를 수행하였으며, 그 결과 총 7개의 지질구조를 도출하였다. 이 연구 결과는 KURT 지역의 부지특성연구의 주요한 한 부분으로서 기존에 구 축된 지질모델을 보완하는데 이용될 예정이다.