In insects, the glutathione S-transferase is initiated in both the detoxification process and the protection of cellular membranes against oxidative damage. In this study, we identified the open reading frame (ORF) sequence of GST-iso1 and 2 from Tenebrio molitor (TmGST-iso1 and 2). To investigate the expression patterrns of TmGST-iso1 and 2 in response to herbicide, 0.06, 0.6, and 6 ㎍/㎕ of butachlor (FarmHannong, Seoul, South Korea) was challenged into T. molitor larvae, resulting that the TmGST-iso1 were highly induced at 3 and 24 h-post injection. Whereas, the highest expression of TmGST-iso2 was detected at 24 h after treatment. This study may contribute to basic information about the detoxifying activities of T. molitor.

It is well known that the JNK pathway regulates AMP production against pathogenic infection in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Tenebrio molitor hep (Tmhep) is an homolog of MAP kinase kinase in mammals. Here, we investigate the immunological function of Tmhep in responses in microbial infection using RNA interference technology. The results showed that silencing of Tmhep increased the larval mortality against microbial challenge, as well as reduced AMP production compared to the control group (dsEGFP-treated group). Conclusively, Tmhep plays an critical role in antimicrobial defense in T. molitor larvae.

Conductive carbon cloths (CCs) have been great attention as a promising current collector for flexible supercapacitors that supply power to portable and wearable electronics. However, the hydrophobic surface and weak adhesion with active materials has limited to be adopted as the binder-free and flexible electrode with mechanical/electrochemical stability. In this work, we demonstrate preparation of binder-free and flexible electrodes based on polyaniline (PANI) on carbon cloth. Polydopamine (PDA) layer are used to impart hydrophilicity, leading to uniform growth of PANI on the hydrophobic surface of carbon. Furthermore, PDA layer improves adhesion strength between PANI and carbon substrates, which allows for superior mechanical stability under ultrasonic condition. PANI-based flexible electrode shows high areal capacitance (160.8 mF cm− 2 at 0.5 mA cm− 2), good rate capability (71.1% even at high current density of 10 mA cm− 2), and long-term cycling stability (82.6% capacitance retention after 1500 cycles). Furthermore, a quasi-solid-state flexible supercapacitor reveals remarkable mechanical flexibility and durability, with superior capacitance retention (~ 100%) in bent state and after repetitive 1000 cycles.

In this study, the MoS2 nanoparticles grown on crumpled 3D graphene microball (3D GM–MoS2) was synthesized using a microfluidic droplet generator with thermal evaporation-driven capillary compression and hydrothermal reaction. The morphology and size of 3D GM–MoS2 are controlled by the concentration of nano-sized graphene oxide (GO) and the flow rate of oil phase on the droplet generator. The 3D GM–MoS2 with fully sphere-shape and uniform size (~ 5 μm), and homogeneous growth of MoS2 nanoparticles could be synthesized at the flow rate of the oil phase of 60 μL/min with the optimized GO concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, and ( NH4)2MoS4 concentration of 2.0 mg/mL.

본 연구에서는 주요 발생지인 구례 지역의 산수유, 때죽나무를 중심으로 2018년 8월에서 9월 사이에 갈색날개매미충 월동 난괴를 채집하여 날개매미충알벌(phanuromyia spp.)의 온도별(15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃) 발육기간, 수명 및 우화 후 15일간의 총 산란수를 조사하였다. 날개매미충알벌의 발육기간은 25℃에서 알 2.6일, 유충 5.4일, 번데기 15.0일, 30℃에서 알 1.9일, 유충 7.6일, 번데기 13.7일이 소요되었다. 날개매미충알벌 성충의 온도별 수명은 15℃에서 암컷 77.4일, 수컷 66.6일, 20℃에서 암컷 49.0일, 수컷 44.0일, 25℃에서 암컷 27.6일 수컷 28.4일, 30℃에서 암컷 18.0일, 수컷 14.0일로 암수 모두 사육온도가 높아질수록 수명이 짧아졌으며 15℃와 30℃에서만 암수 수명의 차이가 있었다. 또한 온도별 총 산란 수는 15℃를 제외한 나머지 세 가지 사육온도에서 산란 수 차이는 없었으나 25℃에서 평균 23.2개로 가장 높았다.