This study was carried out to establish various physiological changes according to soil water stress and to compare the degree of water stress between two species of grapevines (‘Jinok’ as a new breeding cultivar and ‘Campbell Early’ as a control) using thermography. Soil water potentials were treated at -70, -30, and -5 kPa with waterlogging for 7 days. Regarding the photosynthetic rates (A) of the two cultivars, they showed an order of –30 kPA > -5 kPa > -70 kPa in order. With -70 kPa and waterlogging treatments, a decrease of photosynthetic rate was observed at 3 days after treatment, with a more significant decrease accumulating over time. At 7 days after treatment, photosynthetic rates of ‘Campbell Early’ (33.3, 45.6%) and ‘Jinok’ (56.6, 57.3%) grapes decreased compared to those with -30 kPa treatment. H2O2 and proline synthesis were the highest with the waterlogging treatment. In terms of proline synthesis, ‘Campbell Early’ had a relatively higher rate than ‘Jinok’. Leaf and stem water potential were the lowest with the -70 kPa treatment and the highest with the - 30 kPa treatment f or both cultivars. Crop water stress index (CWSI) showed the following order: waterlogging > -70 kPa > -5 kPa > -30 kPa, which was the opposite result of water vapor transfer (IG). As a result of correlation analysis between factors, photosynthetic rate showed negative correlations with the water potential of leaf and stem and crop water stress index but a positive correlation with the relative water content of leaves. Thus, tolerance to water stress of ‘Campbell Early’ was relatively stronger than that of ‘Jinok’ grape. It is possible to compare water stress using infrared imaging.

기후변화와 세계시장 개방에 따른 외래 및 돌발해충의 종류는 다양해지고 밀도는 지속적으로 증가하고 있지 만 발생 실태에 관한 자료는 미흡하다. 본 연구는 경남지역 돌발 및 남방계 해충의 발생과 피해조사를 위해 미국선 녀벌레, 썩덩나무노린재, 담배거세미나방 등 3종을 경남 18시·군에서 조사하였다. 미국선녀벌레는 약충기(6월), 성충기(9월) 조사를 진행하였고, 길이가 50cm 이상되는 가지의 밑동에서 위쪽으로 50cm 내 개체를 육안조사하 였다. 썩덩나무노린재는 콩 개화기(7월), 등숙기(9월) 조사를 진행하였고 지점당 집합페로몬 트랩 1개를 설치하 고 1주 후 채집된 마리 수를 조사하였다. 담배거세미나방은 성페로몬 트랩 1개를 설치한 뒤 1주 후 채집된 마리 수를 조사하였다. 미국선녀벌레는 의령, 함안, 함양 등에서 발생이 많았고, 전년대비 발생이 소폭 감소하였다. 썩덩나무노린재는 합천, 밀양, 함양 등에서 발생이 많았고, 담배거세미나방은 전시군에서 발생이 확인되었으 며, 특히 함양, 산청, 사천, 고성 등에서 밀도가 높았다.

최근 기후변화에 따라 아열대 작물 재배가 증가하면서 경남지역 망고 재배면적도 크게 증가하고 있다. 하지만 망고에 발생하는 병해충 발생 정보가 부족하여 2022년부터 현재까지 경남지역에 있는 망고농장을 조사하였으 며, 그 결과 병해 6종, 해충 8종 발생을 확인하였다. 특히 경남지역 망고 포장에서 꽃노랑총채벌레, 대만총채벌레, 볼록총채벌레 등의 발생을 확인하였고, 통영, 함안, 밀양 등에서 총채벌레류에 의한 피해가 발생하였다. 많은 농가에서 총채벌레류 방제를 위해 화학농약에 의존하고 있으나 총채벌레는 반복적인 약제 노출시 빠른 세대 진전으로 인해 저항성 발달이 쉽기때문에 방제에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 색상별 끈끈이 트랩의 총채벌레류 유인효과를 확인하였으며, 꽃노랑총채벌레는 노랑, 주황, 연두, 대만총채벌레는 빨강, 노랑, 파랑, 볼록총채벌레는 파랑, 노랑, 빨강 순으로 유인효과가 높은 것을 확인하였다.

This investigation aimed to assess the appetite response changes of olive flounder to starving and re-feeding conditions. Three different feeding groups (2 weeks feeding, fed; 2 weeks starving, starved; and 1 week starving and 1 week feeding, re-fed) were established to examine the changes in appetite-related genes for each group. The weight gain of the fish was highest for the fed group and lowest for the starving group. Based on the daily feed intake (DFI) and cumulative feed intake (CFI), overall food intake was found to increase in the re-fed group more than in the fed group from week 1 to week 2 of the experiment. Hypocretin neuropeptide precursor (HCRT) and galanin receptor 1 (GAL-R1) mRNA expression in the brain of olive flounder were decreased in the starved group. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) was decreased in all experimental groups, except for the fed group. However, overall leptin concentrations in the plasma did not change across groups. Considering the differences between this study and previous studies on starving and feeding, various factors (except the production and expression mechanisms of appetite-related factors in response to starving) are likely acting on the appetite responses of the fish. In this study, a 1-week re-feeding period induced substantial effects on appetite response when compared to a 2-week feeding period. These findings show that even if re-feeding is performed after starving, the unbalance caused by the re-feeding can affect various physiological changes in fish by feed intake efficiency.

Indonesia has the largest economy in Southeast Asia and is one of the fastest growing economies of the world. This study was conducted to understand Indonesian food consumers, and to provide the marketing implications for food exporting companies in Korea. An online survey was conducted on 795 local consumers in Indonesia and the study analyzed their preference for Korean food and Korean culture. Then this study identified the relationship of these variables and consumers’ intention to purchase Korean food. The results of this study were as follows. First, Indonesian consumers had a strong preference for Ramyeon, noodles, snacks and kimchi among Korean foods. Second, the preference for Korean culture was high in a descending order of Korean dramas, cosmetics, songs and news. Third, both Korean food and Korean culture preferences showed significant differences depending on gender, age and the frequency of eating out. Lastly, analysis of the relationships among the variables showed that there is a positive relationship between Korean food preferences and Korean food purchase intentions. Further, the consumers’ Korean culture preference had a mediating effect within this relationship. The results of this study imply that marketers in Korea food companies need to consider the consumers’ preference for Korean food and Korean culture when they build proper strategies for exporting Korean foods to Indonesia.

주름버섯목(Agricales), 소똥버섯과(Bolbitiaceae), 볏짚 버섯속(Agrocybe)에 속하는 버들송이버섯은 국내에서 대부분 병 재배용 품종으로 육성되어 있어 수량 증대를 위한 봉지재배용 품종을 개발하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 버들송이버섯 33개 유전자원을 수집하고 유전자원의 봉지재배 특성과 수량을 조사한 후 재배일수와 자실체 모양을 고려하여 5개 모본을 선발하고 3개의 교배조합을 작성 하여 7계통을 선발하였다. 선발된 7계통과 대조품종인‘참’을 봉지재배한 결과 재배일수는 ‘JBAC15-1’이 49일, ‘JBAC15-6’이 50일로 대조품종의 재배일수인 53일 대비 각각 4일과 3일이 단축되었으며, 그 외의 계통은 대조품 종보다 긴 재배일수를 나타내었다. 선발계통의 발이율은 ‘JBAC15-1’이 96.1%로 가장 우수하였으며 다음으로 ‘JBAC15-6’이 94.5%를 나타내어 대조품종의 발이율인 93% 대비 각각 3.1%, 1.5% 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 봉지 당 수량은 ‘JBAC15-1’이 176.8 g으로 가장 우수하였고 ‘JBAC15-6’이 168.7 g으로 대조품종인 '참'의 160.7 g 대비 각각 10%, 5% 증수되었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 대조품종인 ‘참’대비 재배일수가 짧고 수량이 우수한 ‘JBAC15-1’과 ‘JBAC15-6’을 최종 선발하였다. 선발계통 인 ‘JBAC15-1’, ‘JBAC15-6’의 균사생장 최적 배지는 PDA, 최적 온도는 27.5 o C, 최적 pH는 ‘JBAC15-1’이 pH 5, ‘JBAC15-6’이 pH 6으로 나타났다. 자실체 갓의 색은 ‘JBAC15-1’과 ‘참’이 진갈색을 나타냈으며 ‘JBAC15-6’ 은 연갈색을 나타내었다. 갓 형태는 반구형으로 모두 동일하였으나, 대의 색은 ‘JBAC15-1’이 연갈색을 나타냈으며 ‘JBAC15-6’은 흰색을 나타냈고 대조 품종인 ‘참’은 상아색으로 각각 서로 다른 특성을 나타내었다.

This study examined the potential of export items in Malaysia by investigating the awareness and preference for Korean food products. A high potential product list developed from the literature, included reports about the food export status in Korea and Malaysian food trends. An online survey was carried out with 600 consumers in Malaysia. With 435 valid responses, the average awareness of the Korean food products was 3.13, and the preference was 3.48 on a 5-point scale. The awareness and preference of Korean food products were higher in the 20s-30s group than in the older groups. In particular, the Muslim group had a higher awareness for ‘ramyon’ than the other groups, and the Buddhist group had a higher preference for ‘ginseng beverage’ than the other groups. The most well-known and preferred products were ramyon, hot noodles, kimchi, biscuits, fruits & vegetable beverage, and sauce (with Korean traditional sauce)’. Based on these results, the marketing implications of the study findings are discussed.

급성 췌장염은 다양한 원인에 의해 발생되는 췌장의 염증성 질환으로 담도질환에 대한 내시경 시술이나 영상의학적 시술에 의해서 유발되기도 한다. 담도 시술과 관련하여 발생 하는 췌장염은 담도에 대한 조작보다는 바터팽대부를 절개 또는 확장시키거나 바터팽대부를 통과시켜 스텐트 혹은 도관을 거치하면서 유발되는 췌관의 압박에 의해 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 바터팽대부에 대한 조작을 시행하지 않는 경우에는 췌장염 발생의 위험성이 없는 것으로 되어 있고 더 하여 경피경관담도경 시술을 위한 도관 삽입 후에 췌장염이 발생한 경우는 보고된 바가 없었다. 본 증례에서는 3cm 가량의 거대 총담관 담석들에 의해 발생된 담도염에 대해 경피 경관담도경 시술을 준비하는 과정 중 총담관에 도관을 삽입 한 이후 급성 췌장염이 발생하였다. 이에 저자들은 원위부 총담관 내부에 삽입된 도관으로 인해 거대 총담관 담석이 췌장두부를 압박하였고 이로 인한 주췌관의 가역적인 폐색이 유발되어 급성 췌장염이 발병한 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

신뢰성 해석을 수행할 때 정보부족으로 인해 발생하는 인식론적 불확실성(epistemic uncertainty)은 고유의 변동성에 의해 존재하는 내재적 불확실성(aleatory uncertainty)보다 더 중요하게 다뤄야 한다. 그러나 그동안 개발된 확률이론은 주로 내재적 불확실성을 모델링하는데 이용된 반면, 인식론적 불확실성의 모델링에 대해서는 아직 확실한 접근법이 없었다. 최근 이를 위해 probability theory를 포함한 여러 접근법들이 제시되고 있지만 이들은 서로 다른 통계적 이론들을 바탕으로 도출되었기 때문에, 각 방법들의 결과들을 이해하는데 어려움이 있었다. 본 연구에서는 고장 확률을 계산하는 문제를 가지고 이러한 방법들이 인식론적 불확실성을 어떻게 다루는지를 비교, 분석하였다. 이를 위해 probability method, combined distribution method, interval analysis method 그리고 evidence theory를 대상으로 신뢰도 분석문제에 대해 각 방법들의 특징들을 비교하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 입력변수의 확률분포 형태를 알 수 있다면 probability method가 가장 우수하나, 이를 전혀 모르면 interval method를 사용해야 한다. 그러나 계산비용 면에서는 두 방법이 유사하므로 결국 입력변수의 확률특성 정보가 얼마나 있느냐에 따라 방법을 선택한다. Combined distribution method는 failure probability의 평균만 제공하므로 사용하지 않는 것이 좋다. 다만 이 방법은 계산비용이 매우 적게 드는 장점이 있다. Evidence theory는 probability와 interval 방법의 중간에 해당하며, 구간별 probability assignment를 세분화 할수록 probability결과에 접근한다. 이 방법은 계산비용이 가장 높은 것이 문제이다.

Background : Undulatum Rhubarb, commonly produced in domestic, is rhizome of Rheum undulatum L. that belongs to the family Polygonaceae. It also can be used as a substitute of R. palmatum L., R. tanguticum Maximowicz ex Balf., and R. officinale Baillon which completely depend on import system. However, there should be clear clarification among Undulatum Rhubarb and Rhubarb, because Undulatum Rhubarb contains rhaponticin as marker compound that is not indicated at Rhubarb. Some of the recently imported Undulatum Rhubarbs have been found to be Rhubarb. Also, it is known that only Undulatum Rhubarb is cultivated at domestic environment. But some plant origins of Rhubarb are grown in Korea, too. Further study are needed to clarify clear origin between Undulatum Rhubarb and Rhubarb. Thus, we collected some domestically cultivated samples and identified them. Methods and Reseults : Rheum undulatum L., Rhubarb, Rheum tanguticum Maximowicz ex Balf. which were cultivated in Gangwondo Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Cheorwon were collected and anayzed the DNA sequences. We also compared DNA sequences in Rhubarb collected from England and R. rhabarbarum L., R. undulatum L., and R. franzenbachii on NCBI. As a result, two kinds of rhubarb cultivated in the test plantation were identified as R. rhabarbarum and R. officinale. In addition, R. undulatum (plant origin of Undulatum Rhubarb) was identified as Rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) in England with 99 - 100% identical in nuclear ITS gene region. Conclusion : R. undulatum, plant origin of Undulatum Rhubarb, is reported as synonym of R. rhabarbarum, R. franzenbachii. Rheum speices which are cultivated as tester in Gangwondo Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Cheorwon are estimated as R. undulatum and R. officinale. Therefore, not only Undulatum Rhubarb but Rhubarb could be grown in Korea.

Benign thyroid nodule is a common disease. However, little is known about the natural course of it. The objective of the study was to evaluate the changes of ultrasonographic (US) findings and the fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. During 2 years, most of them have been in a benign natural course. However, we should note that malignant US findings is strongly associated with papillary thryoid carcinoma, though FNA revealed benign. Among them, our results would suggest that taller than wide feature in US finding is associated with malignancy

This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial, antioxidant, and in vitro greenhouse gas mitigation activities of fermented Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract. Seven starter cultures were used, comprising four of lactic acid bacteria and three of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ten grams of S. baicalensis Georgi powder was diluted in 90 mL autoclaved MRS broth. Each seed culture was inoculated with 3-10% (v/v) S. baicalensis Georgi MRS broth and incubated at 30℃ for 48 h. Among the starter cultures used, only Lactobacillus plantarum EJ43 could withstand the fermentation conditions. This fermentation broth was dried and extracted with ethanol to assess its antibacterial, antioxidant, and in vitro methane mitigation activities. The extract of S. baicalensis Georgi fermented by L. plantarum EJ43 (SBLp) showed higher antibacterial activity (bigger clear zone) compared to the unfermented S. baicalensis Georgi extract (SB0). SBLp also presented 1.2 folds higher antioxidant activity than SB0. During in vitro rumen fermentation, SBLp showed reduction in methane production compared to SB0 or the control. In conclusion, fermentation by L. plantarum EJ43 may enhance antibacterial and antioxidant activities of S. baicalensis Georgi and decrease enteric methane production.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been routinely cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layers with a medium containing animal materials. For clinical application of hESCs, animal-derived products from the animal feeder cells, animal substrates such as gelatin or Matrigel and animal serum are strictly to be eliminated in the culture system. In this study, we performed that SNUhES32 and H1 were cultured on human amniotic fluid cells (hAFCs) with KOSR XenoFree and a humanized substrate. All of hESCs were relatively well propagated on hAFCs feeders with xeno-free conditions and they expressed pluripotent stem cell markers, alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-4, TRA1-60, TRA1-81, Oct-4, and Nanog like hESCs cultured on STO or human foreskin fibroblast feeders. In addition, we observed the expression of nonhuman N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5GC) molecules by flow cytometry, which was xenotransplantation components of contamination in hESCs cultured on animal feeder conditions, was not detected in this xeno-free condition. In conclusion, SNUhES32 and H1 could be maintained on hAFCs for humanized culture conditions, therefore, we suggested that new xenofree conditions for clinical grade hESCs culture will be useful data in future clinical studies.

With the object of examining the effects of horticultural therapy based on structural recall by developmental stage on cognitive, emotional, and hand functions of institutionalized elderly, this study executed a horticultural therapy program once a week and through a total of 14 sessions during the period from May 2 to December 5, 2013. The subjects of this study were 34 elders admitted to S Geriatric hospital for geriatric diseases, and they were divided into a control group and an experimental group. Because the program was designed for institutionalized elders who were able to do only indoor activities, it provided various seasonal horticultural activities that could be done even in a limited space by giving materials and subjects that could be recalled by developmental stage. The results of this study are as follows. As to changes in cognitive functions (MSQ) after the horticultural therapy program, the control group showed a decrease as having more negative ranks, and the experimental group showed an increase as having more positive ranks, but such changes in the control and experimental groups were not significant. As to changes in emotional functions after the horticultural therapy program, the control group showed a decrease but without significance in ego integrity as having more negative ranks, and the experimental group showed an increase with significance as having more positive ranks (P=0.020). As to the experimental group’s changes in the sub factors of ego integrity, positive ranks increased in all the sub-factors and the increase was particularly significant in satisfaction with present life (P=0.038). As to changes in life satisfaction, the control group showed increased positive ranks but without significance, and the experimental group showed significantly increased positive ranks (P=0.022). As to the experimental group’s changes in the sub-factors of life satisfaction, changes in denial of the past (P=0.029) and denial of the future (P=0.016) were particularly significant. As to changes in hand functions, both the control and experimental groups showed some improvement in pinch after the horticultural therapy program but the changes were not significant. Grip strength did not change in the control group, and in the experimental group right-hand grip strength was improved slightly more than left-hand one, the difference was not significant. The results of this study suggest that horticultural therapy based on structural recall by developmental stage is effective in improving institutionalized elders’ emotional functions and, consequently, can contribute to higher quality of life, which is the ultimate goal of elders.