ASL estimation of public building is based on how appropriate the maximum age of the asset is derived based on the age record of the asset in the statistical data owned by public institutions. This is because we get a 'constrained' ASL by that number. And it is especially true because other studies have assumed that the building is an Iowa curve R3. Also, in this study, the survival rate is 1% as the threshold value at which the survival curve and the predictable life curve almost coincide. Rather than a theoretical basis, in the national statistical survey, the value of residual assets was recognized from the net value of 10% of the acquisition value when the average service life has elapsed, and 1% when doubling the average service life has elapsed. It is based on the setting mentioned above. The biggest constraint in fitting statistical data to the Iowa curve is that the maximum ASL is selected at R3 150%, and the 'constrained' ASL is calculated by the proportional expression on the assumption that the Iowa curve is followed. In like manner constraints were considered. First, the R3 disposal curve for the RCC(reinforced cement concrete) building was prepared according to the discarding method in the 2000 work, and it was jointly worked on with the National Statistical Office to secure the maximum amount of vintage data, but the lacking of sample size must be acknowledged. Even after that, the National Statistical Office and the Bank of Korea have been working on estimating the Iowa curve for each asset class in the I-O table. Another limitation is that the asset classification uses the broad classification of buildings as a subcategory. Second, if there were such assets with a lifespan of 115 years that were acquired in 1905 and disposed of in 2020, these discarded data would be omitted from this ASL calculation. Third, it is difficult to estimate the correct Iowa curve based on the stub-curve even if there is disposal data because Korea has a relatively shorter construction history, accumulated economic wealth since the 1980’s. In other words, “constrained” ASL is an under-estimation of its ASL. Considering the fact that Korea was an economically developing country in the past and during rapid economic development, environmental factors such as asset accumulation and economic ability should be considered. Korea has a short period of accumulation of economic wealth, and the history of 'proper' architectures faithful to building regulations and principles is short and as a result, buildings 'not built properly' and 'proper' architectures are mixed. In this study, ASL of RCC public building was estimated at 70 years.

South Korea, one of the representative countries known for consuming dog meat, is experiencing a gradual decline in its consumption, and it is expected to be eradicated soon as there is no influx of new consumers. However, the cultural aspect of dog meat consumption is strong as it is deeply rooted in social traditions, and there is inadequate agreement on banning it legally. This article examines the laws related to dog meat and how it is currently managed. It also scrutinizes the animal welfare and food safety aspects of the process of dog meat breeding and distribution. The current legal management system for dog meat is inadequate, which poses risks in terms of food safety. In addition, the dogs used for food consumption are exposed to coarse environments from an animal welfare perspective. Until dog meat consumption is naturally eradicated, establishing a temporary hygiene management system to ensure food safety and improve animal welfare could be one solution.

We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of the antimicrobial resistant Enterococcus isolates from the four major rivers of Korea in 2012. A total 316 surface water samples were collected from three distinct sites (nearby livestock farms, tributaries, and major rivers) at two different seasons (dry season: n = 76, wet season: n = 240). A total 654 bacterial cells were isolated from samples and their genus distribution were determined. We found that Gram-negative bacteria including various genera were prevalent (n = 522, 79.8%), and Enterococcus was the most common genus of Gram-positive bacteria (n = 119, 18.2%). The isolation rate of Gram-negative bacteria was higher in wet season, whereas that of Enterococcus isolates was higher in dry season. The prevalence of Enterococcus isolates was also higher nearby livestock farms than on tributaries and main rivers. Since Enterococcus isolate is a key indicator for animal fecal contamination, the following experiments focused on this microorganism. As compared to a previous report in 2006, the resistance rates in E. faecium to erythromycin (40.0% to 69.9%) and chloramphenicol (0% to 16.4%) were increased, whereas those to penicillin (56.0% to 4.1%) and teicoplanin (36.0% to 0%) were decreased. We also found that antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) E. faecium isolates from rivers and livestock samples shared similar pulsed-filed gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles, validating the transmission of AMR Enterococcus isolates from livestock to river. Taken together, this study provides us with detailed information about bacterial contamination status in four major rivers, and highlights the changes in AMR pattern of Enterococcus isolates, which are expected to have originated from livestock.

This experiment was carried out to examine double cropping system using Italian ryegrass (IRG) 'Kowinearly', whole crop rice 'Yeongwoo' and barnyard millet 'Jeju native' during the Oct. 2020 to Oct. 2022. Three kinds of forage crops were cultivated at paddy field in Livestock Institute, Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Jeollanamdo, South Korea. Whole crop rice (WCR) was sown in late May and barnyard millet (BM) sown early June each year after harvesting IRG. We examined dry matter yield and feed value of forage crops depending on harvest time of forage crops during the experimental period. The plant height in heading stage of IRG ranged from 108 to 112cm and dry matter yield ranged from 6,783 to 11,530 kg ha-1. The crude protein (CP) of IRG ranged from 6.0 to 8.44%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) ranged from 55.6 to 60.2% and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ranged from 32.58 to 36.7%, The dry matter yield of WCR increased as the harvest stage was delayed (14,310 kg ha-1 in milk, 16,167 kg ha-1 in yellow ripen, and 18,891 kg ha-1 in mature). Similar to results of dry matter yield of WCR, dry matter yield of BM increased as the harvest stage was delayed (11,194 kg ha-1 in late heading. and 14,308 kg ha-1 in mature), However nutrient content of WCR and BM showed a decreasing trend. As shown in above results, the productivity of WCR after harvesting IRG was shown to be high at paddy field in the southern region. However, BM also was appeared to have potential as summer forage crops.

Freshwater and brackish blue-green algae were collected at 43 freshwater and brackish sites (including lakes, ponds, swamps, streams, and rivers and estuaries) throughout South Korea from March 2017 to October 2018, and were identified using light microscopy. A total 223 taxa in freshwater and 230 taxa in brackish waters in 2017 and 274 taxa in fresh and brackish waters in 2018 were identified and among them, 20 taxa were unreported taxa of blue-green algae in Korea; The new recorded taxa were Aphanocapsa marina, Calothrix fusca f. durabilis, Calothrix littoralis, Calothrix parva, Chamaesiphon minimus, Chroococcidiopsis cubana, Chroococcidiopsis fissurarum, Coelosphaerium aerugineum, Dolichospermum mendotae, Eucapsis alpine, Gomphosphaeria cordiformis, Gomphosphaeria natans, Merismopedia danubiana, Lynbya aestuarii var. gaditana, Tolypothrix tenuis, Pseudocapsa maritima, Pseudocapsa sphaerica, Pseudophormidium tenue, Trichodesmus sp. and Woronichinia elorantae.

송충살이고치벌아과의 Aleiodes의 미기록종 4종(A. lipwigi, A. guidaae, A. subemarginatus, A. caprinus)을 국내 최초로 보고한다. 본 연구에 선 종의 동정을 위한 진단, 분포, 삽화 및 DNA 바코드 서열을 제공한다.

깡충좀벌과에 속하는 Neastymachus japonicus (Tachikawa,1970)와 Boucekiella depressa Hoffer, 1954 2종을 한국에서 처음으로 보고한다. 본 종의 기술, 분포, 삽화를 수록한다

본 연구에서 Nematus tibialis를 국내에서 처음으로 보고한다. 이 종의 사진과 진단, 색 변이, 발육 단계와 분포 등을 제공하였다.

Phaedrotoma속은 주로 과실파리과, 혹파리과, 물가파리과, 꽃파리과, 똥파리과, 초파리과의 유충에 기생을 하는 고치벌로 한국에는 12종이 기록되어 있다. 본 조사연구 결과로 Phaedrotoma rugulifera와 Phaedrotoma vermiculifera 2종을 국내 최초로 보고한다. 이들의 표본은 쓸어잡기로 채집되었다. 두 종의 기술과 진단형질도판을 수록한다.

본 연구에서 Pemphigus bursarius를 국내에서 처음으로 보고한다. 이 종의 분포지역, 기주식물, 형태학적 정보를 제공한다.

Background: Like many other countries, falls and related injuries in older adults are great concerns in South Korea. In particular, falls are common in medical institutions, often causing the increase of the length of hospitalization. Objects: The purpose of this review was to help understand and address falls in hospitalized individuals in South Korea. Methods: The review was conducted on literature published in Korean from 2010 to 2022, searched in the Korea Citation Index and PubMed. Keywords used for the search were as follows: falls, fall risk, fall risk assessment, hospital, inpatient, intervention, Korea, and prevention. Results: A total of 54 articles were found and reviewed. The most common place of fall accidents was the inpatient room, where there were many cases of falls while walking. Loss of balance was the most common cause of falls, and many falls occurred in patients admitted to the internal medicine. Furthermore, a risk of falling increased with the type of medications taken. In terms of tools to assess patients’ fall risk, the Morse Fall Scale (MFS) was commonly used. Patient-specific fall prevention activities were common to address falls, and they decreased the frequency of falls and the fear of falling. Factors influencing the effectiveness of the fall prevention activities included attitudes toward falls, education, environmental factors, patient safety culture, and self-efficacy in preventing falls. Conclusion: Our results should help understand and address falls and injuries in medical institutions.

Rhogadopsis속은 주로 굴파리에 기생하는 고치벌로 Opius속의 아속으로 여겨져왔다. 그러나 시맥의 형태와 단계통 분기군을 형성함에 따라 Rhogadopsis속은 속으로 격상되었다. 전라남도 여서도에서의 동물상 조사 결과, Rhogadopsis obliqua의 수컷 표본을 쓸어 잡기로 채집되었다. Rhogadopsis obliqua의 기술과 진단 형질 도판을 수록한다.

본 연구는 빅데이터를 통해 남북통일에 관한 한국 사회의 인식을 분석 하고 그를 통한 함의를 도출하여 미래 한반도 통일에 관한 시사점을 얻 고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2003년부터 2022년 5월까지, 역대 4개 정부를 분석대상 기간으로 구분 설정하고 포털 및 언론보도 빅데이터 총 115,975건의 데이터를 수집하여 텍스트마이닝과 사회연결망 분석을 수행 하였다. 연구 결과, 정부 시기별 통일에 관한 사회적 인식의 특성을 확인 하였으며 외교, 정치, 군사, 경제, 사회·문화 측면의 공통 키워드를 도출 하여 그에 따른 한반도 통일에 관한 발전적 방향을 제언하였다.

Nursing ethics, which is an ethical norm of nursing practice, is basic to the professionalism of nurses, and ethical education is important in building the professional virtues. The study aimed to identify the needs of nursing ethics education targeting a group of nursing professionals in South Korea. This study adopted descriptive survey design via online survey. The questionnaire items consisted of the experience of ethical issues and the needs related to the subject of ethics education in nursing. 53 questionnaires were finally analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients. The results showed that 40 of the study participants had more than 5 years of total clinical experience(69.8%). 48 of them previously participated in nursing ethics education(90.6%). The most frequently experienced ethical issues were ‘conflicts between colleagues’, ‘protecting of patient rights’ and ‘informed consent’. In relation to nursing ethics education, ‘ethical decision making and moral distress’, ‘shared decision making’ and ‘end-of-life care’ showed high needs for education. Overall, the higher the level of experience on ethical issues, the more educational needs for nursing ethics education(r=.360, p<.01). In addition, satisfaction with previous nursing ethics education was statistically significant positive correlation with the needs for the overall nursing ethics education topic(p.<01). In conclusion, the high level of experience on ethical issues shows the demands for continuity of ethical education and systematic improvement to improve the working environment of clinical nurses, and to meet the needs of nursing ethics education, a venue for discussion and education using case-based method should be provided.

본 연구는 제주특별자치도에 유입된 Myocastor coypus Molina, 1782 (Nutria)의 퇴치를 위해 이루어졌다. 서식확인 및 퇴치는 2013년 9월부터 2013년 11월까지 이루어졌고, 그후 퇴치 성공여부를 확인하기 위해 2022년 6월까지 조사가 이루어졌다. 서식 확인 및 포획은 무인카메라, 청문조사, 문헌조사, 먹이유인을 통한 트랩 포획법을 사용하여 진행하였다. 후속조사는 Nutria의 행동반경을 감안하여 조사범위를 비교적 넓게 설정하여 서식지역(퇴치지역)을 중심으로 4.0㎢ 내 습지 및 하천 조사를 진행하였다. 그 결과 서식 확인지역은 제주특별자치도 제주시 구좌읍 송당리 소재의 송당목장에 서만 발견되었으며, 방목장 내 수로와 연못에서 서식흔적(족적, 배설물, 굴)이 확인되었다. 포획개체는 총 8개체였으며, 암컷 4개체, 수컷 3개체였다. 1개체는 서식확인 시 확인되어 부패 정도가 심해 암·수의 구별이 어려웠다. 후속조사는 설정한 조사범위 내 항시 물이 있는 성읍저수지, 천미천, 몰순이못을 중심으로 서식지와 그 주변을 정밀조사하였으나 서식흔적이 확인되지 않았다. 따라서, 제주도에 서식하는 Nutria는 완전히 퇴치된 것으로 판단된다. 제주특별자치도에서 Nutria의 퇴치가 성공적으로 이루어진 것은 Nutria의 서식 확인 후 빠른 포획을 통해 정착단계 초기에 퇴치가 이루진 것과 제주도 지질 특성상 물이 항시 고여있는 습지가 드물어 확장의 시기가 늦어진 것이 시너지 효과를 일으켜 성공적인 퇴치가 이루어진 것으로 판단된다. 이 결과들은 외래종의 유입에 대한 대처는 그 종의 생태특성을 신속하게 파악하고, 올바른 대처를 통해 확장단계 이전 정착 초기 단계에서 관리 및 퇴치를 통해 교란이 일어나기 전 또는 교란 초기에 차단하는 것이 매우 효과적인 방법임을 시사한다.

The physiological characteristics, growth, and yield of each regional rice variety (‘Odaebyeo’, ‘Saechucheong’, ‘Ilmibyeo’) were investigated depending on the impact of changes in temperature and CO2 concentration. Experiments were conducted with a control group, which reflected atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature, and treatment groups, in which the CO2 concentration and temperature were increased by 250 ppm and 2.0℃ from those in the control group. The results showed that the increase in CO2 concentration and temperature reduced the growth and yield of the rice ‘Odaebyeo’, but did not substantially change the productivity of the ‘Saechucheong’ and ‘Ilmibyeo’. The increase in CO2 concentration and temperature increased stomatal conductance and rate of transpiration of the ‘Odaebyeo’ variety, thereby decreasing its water use efficiency (WUE). In contrast, the increase in CO2 concentration and temperature increased the photosynthetic rate and WUE of the ‘Saechucheong’ and ‘Ilmibyeo’ varieties. The gradual change in climate is considered to directly affect growth and development of rice and diversely affect the productivity of each variety. Therefore, it is necessary to implement technological development, select regionally optimal rice varieties, develop new rice varieties, as well as conduct long-term monitoring of each rice variety for climate adaptation to counter global warming.

Various social and environmental problems have recently emerged due to global climate change. In South Korea, coniferous forests in the highlands are decreasing due to climate change whereas the distribution of subtropical species is gradually increasing. This study aims to respond to changes in the distribution of forest species in South Korea due to climate change. This study predicts changes in future suitable areas for Pinus koraiensis, Cryptomeria japonica, and Chamaecyparis obtusa cultivated as timber species based on climate, topography, and environment. Appearance coordinates were collected only for natural forests in consideration of climate suitability in the National Forest Inventory. Future climate data used the SSP scenario by KMA. Species distribution models were ensembled to predict future suitable habitat areas for the base year (2000-2019), near future (2041-2060), and distant future (2081-2100). In the baseline period, the highly suitable habitat for Pinus koraiensis accounted for approximately 13.87% of the country. However, in the distant future (2081- 2100), it decreased to approximately 0.11% under SSP5-8.5. For Cryptomeria japonica, the habitat for the base year was approximately 7.08%. It increased to approximately 18.21% under SSP5-8.5 in the distant future. In the case of Chamaecyparis obtusa, the habitat for the base year was approximately 19.32%. It increased to approximately 90.93% under SSP5-8.5 in the distant future. Pinus koraiensis, which had been planted nationwide, gradually moved north due to climate change with suitable habitats in South Korea decreased significantly. After the near future, Pinus koraiensis was not suitable for the afforestation as timber species in South Korea. Chamaecyparis obtusa can be replaced in most areas. In the case of Cryptomeria japonica, it was assessed that it could replace part of the south and central region.

이 글은 이민윤리가 이민행정의 합리성 수준에 영향을 미치는 핵심 요 인들 가운데 하나라는 전제하에 ‘비정규 체류 이주민’에 대한 한국 정부 의 체류관리에 나타난 이민윤리 결핍을 문제시하고 개선 방향을 제언한 다. 먼저 이주민의 비정규 체류를 유발하는 복합 요인, 즉 ‘불법화’ 메커 니즘에 대한 정부 대응의 한계를 검토한다. 이어서 국가의 기본 책무들을 보다 균형 있게 추구하면서 ‘불법화’에 실효적으로 대응할 수 있는 ‘다부 처 협력’의 필요성과 정당성을 논증한 뒤, 추진 원칙으로 ‘공동의 차별화 된 책임(Common But Differentiated Responsibilities, CBDR)’을 적용 할 것을 제안한다. 글의 후반부에서는 CBDR에 기반한 다부처 협력의 필 요성이 높은 대표적인 정책으로 볼 수 있는, 비정규 체류 이주민을 대상 으로 한 ‘체류 안정화 조치’를 논의한다. 이를 통해 체류 안정화 조치와 관련된 기존의 논의와 실천에서 좀처럼 다뤄지지 않은 ‘사회적 성원권’ 개념의 중요성을 환기하고, 이를 토대로 비정규 체류 이주민의 체류권에 대한 법적 인정의 필요성을 주창한다.

본 연구는 현재까지 중앙정부를 제외한 행위자들-특히 한국의 지방자 치단체와 기업, 그리고 양국에 존재하는 거주민 커뮤니티-의 한국과 인 도네시아 사이의 관계 형성에 관한 여러 활동을 분석 및 평가하고, 이를 바탕으로 보다 지속 가능하고 미래지향적인 양국관계 구축을 위한 정책 과제를 제시한다. 이를 위해 연구에서는 먼저 국가중심적이면서 경제력 과 군사력에 바탕을 둔 이른바 “하드파워”적 전통외교는 민간행위자들의 외교적 역량을 과소평가한다는 한계를 지적하면서, 한국과 같은 중견국 에게는 다양한 행위자들이 참여하는 “소프트파워”적인 공공외교가 필요 함을 주장한다. 또한, 한국과 인도네시아 사이의 관계 형성의 관점에서 공공외교의 주요 행위자들인 지방자치단체, 거주민 커뮤니티, 그리고 기 업의 역할을 다양한 자료들을 이용하여 평가한다. 마지막으로 하드파워 와 소프트파워가 결합한 이른바 “스마트파워”에 바탕을 둔 한국과 인도 네시아의 관계발전을 위해서 (1) 지자체 공공외교의 지역적 다양화와 내 용적 심화 (2) 양국 거주민 커뮤니티를 민간외교의 교두보로 발전시키기 위한 지원 (3) 한국기업의 환경, 사회, 지배구조(ESG)경영을 통한 인도네 시아 지역사회 공헌을 제안한다.

Fungi that infect mushrooms and cause diseases are called mycoparasitic fungi. Understanding the diversity of mycoparasitic fungi in wild mushrooms is important for the mushroom industry, as they can parasitize cultivated mushrooms. However, few studies have been conducted on the diversity of mycoparasitic fungi in wild mushrooms in South Korea. Upon surveying mushroom flora, we found a mycoparasitic fungus and analyzed its strain using molecular phylogeny and morphological examination. The strain was identified as Sepedonium laevigatum, which is an unrecorded species in South Korea. In this study, we described the cultural and microscopic characteristics of this strain of fungus.