There is a gap in our understanding of the behavior of fused and molten fuel salts containing unavoidable contamination, such as those due to fabrication, handling, or storage. Therefore, this work used calorimetry to investigate the change in liquidus temperature of PuCl3, having an unknown purity and that had been in storage for several decades. Further research was performed by additions of NaCl, making several compositions within the binary system, and summarizing the resulting changes, if any, to the phase diagram. The melting temperature of the PuCl3 was determined to be 746.5°C, approximately 20°C lower than literature reported values, most likely due to an excess of Pu metal in the PuCl3 either due to the presence of metallic plutonium remaining from incomplete chlorination or due to the solubility of Pu in PuCl3. From the melting temperature, it was determined that the PuCl3 contained between 5.9 to 6.2mol% Pu metal. Analysis of the NaCl-PuCl3 samples showed that using the Pu rich PuCl3 resulted in significant changes to the NaCl-PuCl3 phase diagram. Most notably an unreported phase transition occurring at approximately 406°C and a new eutectic composition of 52.7mol% NaCl–38.7mol% PuCl3–2.5mol% Pu which melted at 449.3°C. Additionally, an increase in the liquidus temperatures was seen for NaCl rich compositions while lower liquidus temperatures were seen for PuCl3 rich compositions. It can therefore be concluded that changes will occur in the NaCl-PuCl3 binary system when using PuCl3 with excess Pu metal. However, melting temperature analysis can provide valuable insight into the composition of the PuCl3 and therefore the NaCl-PuCl3 system.

현재, 세계는 역동적으로 변화하고 있으며 기업은 이러한 경영환경에서 생존하기 위해 다양한 시도를 하고 있다. 이러한 과정 속에서 조직 내 리더의 역할이 강조되고 있는데, 최근 조직구성원과 리더의 세대 간 차이가 발생하며 어려움을 겪는 경우가 빈번하게 존재한다. 따라서 본 연구는 MZ세대를 대상으로 하 여 임파워링 리더십이 LMX를 매개로 창의성과 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향에 대해 실증하는 것을 목적 으로 하였다. 선행연구에 의하면 임파워링 리더십은 창의성과 조직시민행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 이는 곧 새로운 아이디어를 창출하고 역할 외 행동을 높이는 등 기업의 생존과 번영과 직결된다는 것을 확인하였다. 연구의 실증분석 대상으로는 경상남도를 소재로 명확한 리더가 존재하는 기업의 구성원 중 MZ세대를 대상으로 하여 설문조사를 시행하였다. 실증분석 결과 첫째, 리더의 임파워링 리더십은 창의성 과 조직시민행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 임파워링 리더십은 높은 질의 LMX 형성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, LMX은 임파워링 리더십과 창의성·조직시민행동 을 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 현시대 기업의 생존에 있어 임파워링 리더십의 가치를 확인하게 되었으며, LMX의 매개효과를 입증하였다. 이를 통해 기존 경영 문헌의 지식의 확장시키고 MZ세대 위주 조직의 경쟁력을 높이기 위한 인적자원관리의 시사점을 제언한다.

High-temperature oxidation of a Ni-based superalloy was analyzed with samples taken from gas turbine blades, where the samples were heat-treated and thermally exposed. The effect of Cr/Ti/Al elements in the alloy on high temperature oxidation was investigated using an optical microscope, SEM/EDS, and TEM. A high-Cr/high-Ti oxide layer was formed on the blade surface under the heat-treated state considered to be the initial stage of high-temperature oxidation. In addition, a PFZ (γ’ precipitate free zone) accompanied by Cr carbide of Cr23C6 and high Cr-Co phase as a kind of TCP precipitation was formed under the surface layer. Pits of several μm depth containing high-Al content oxide was observed at the boundary between the oxide layer and PFZ. However, high temperature oxidation formed on the thermally exposed blade surface consisted of the following steps: ① Ti-oxide formation in the center of the oxide layer, ② Cr-oxide formation surrounding the inner oxide layer, and ③ Al-oxide formation in the pits directly under the Cr oxide layer. It is estimated that the Cr content of Ni-based superalloys improves the oxidation resistance of the alloy by forming dense oxide layer, but produced the σ or μ phase of TCP precipitation with the high-Cr component resulting in material brittleness.

This study investigates (1) the consumer characteristics of fresh-cut produce in Korea and (2) the expected taste of fresh-cut produce. To accomplish the first goal of this study, food purchase data from household panels collected by the Rural Development Administration from 2017 to 2020 were used. Further, an online survey was conducted about the expected taste regarding fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. The results revealed that younger consumers with more expenses on fresh fruits tend to buy more fresh-cut fruits. Similarly, younger consumers with more expenses on fresh vegetables and higher household incomes tend to purchase more fresh-cut vegetables. Furthermore, consumers expect more convenience from fresh-cut apples but less tastiness from fresh-cut apples than whole apples.

PURPOSES : When fire event occurs in tunnel the reinforced concrete is exposed to very high temperature at a very short time period. This study investigates the tensile behavior of steel rebar that experienced high temperature. METHODS : The steel rebar was exposed to 200, 400, 600, and 800℃ following the ISO 834 temperature-time fire curve. Hightemperature- exposed steel rebars were tested using the UTM for their yielding and tensile strengths, and elongation rate. RESULTS : Up to an exposure temperature of 600℃, the tensile properties of the rebar did not vary considerably. However, at 800℃ (which corresponds to a temperature rise time of approximately 22 min), the rebar lost its yielding and tensile strength by approximately 27 and 13%, respectively, compared to the control specimen. Further, the elongation rate increased after exposure to 600℃. The above fundamental tensile test results can be a good reference for future guidelines in the repair manual for tunnels after severe fire events. CONCLUSIONS : When steel rebar experiences high temperatures of 800℃, the yield strength of the rebar reduces approximately 27%. This strength reduction can cause severe structural damage to tunnels that use reinforced concrete as the primary structural elements.

High-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps have been widely used as a useful supplemental light source to emit sufficient photosynthetically active radiation and provide a radiant heat, which contribute the heat requirement in greenhouses. The objective of this study to analyze the thermal characteristics of HPS lamp and thermal behavior in supplemented greenhouse, and evaluate the performance of a horizontal leaf temperature of sweet pepper plants using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. We simulated horizontal leaf temperature on upper canopy according to three growth stage scenarios, which represented 1.0, 1.6, and 2.2 plant height, respectively. We also measured vertical leaf and air temperature accompanied by heat generation of HPS lamps. There was large leaf to air temperature differential due to non-uniformity in temperature. In our numerical calculation, thermal energy of HPS lamps contributed of 50.1% the total heat requirement on Dec. 2022. The CFD model was validated by comparing measured and simulated data at the same operating condition. Mean absolute error and root mean square error were below 0.5, which means the CFD simulation values were highly accurate. Our result about vertical leaf and air temperature can be used in decision making for efficient thermal energy management and crop growth.

본 연구는 상황이야기 중재가 자폐성 장애 유아의 사회적 행동에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 실시 하였다. 연구의 대상은 자폐성 장애로 진단받은 만 5세의 남아 2명, 만 4세의 남아 1명으로 총 3명의 자 폐성 장애 유아로 단일대상연구방법 중 대상자간 중다간헐기초선 설계를 사용하였다. 중재 장소는 유아가 다니는 통합 어린이집 내 치료실이었으며 참여한 유아의 능력과 장애 특성을 고려하여 유아별 상황이야기 를 제작하여 중재하였다. 전체 연구는 기초선, 중재, 유지의 세 단계로 실시되었다. 연구 결과, 기초선에서 는 거의 나타나지 않던 사회적 행동이 상황이야기 중재를 실시하며 점차 변화되어 긍정적 증가가 있었으 며 그 변화는 중재가 종료된 이후에도 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 상황이야기 중재가 사회 적으로 행동하는데 어려움이 있는 자폐성 장애 유아의 사회적 행동 증진에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 효과적 인 중재임을 시사한다.

This study investigated the rocking behavior of unreinforced masonry walls and wall piers under cyclic loading. Based on the benchmark tests, the characteristics of load-deformation relations in masonry walls with rocking failure were captured, focusing on observed deformation modes. The rocking strengths of masonry walls (i.e., peak and residual strengths) were evaluated, and the effects of opening configurations on the masonry wall strength were examined. The deformation capacity of the rocking behavior and the hysteresis shape of the load-deformation relations were also identified. Based on the results, modeling approaches for the rocking behavior of masonry walls were discussed.

본 연구는 간호대학생을 대상으로 강점인식과 셀프리더십이 진로준비행동에 미치는 영향을 규 명하기 위하여 시행된 서술적 조사연구로 G시의 간호학과 학생을 대상으로 하였다. 자료의 분석을 위해 기 술적 통계, t검증, ANOVA, Pearson 상관계수, 통제적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 강점인식(β=.464, p<.001)과 셀프리더십(β=.512, p<.001) 모두 진로준비행동에 정적인 영향을 나타냈으 며, 연구모형은 진로준비행동을 34.1% 설명하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 간호대학생의 진 로준비행동 증진을 위해 감정인식과 셀프리더십을 증진시키기 위한 방안들이 필요함을 시사한다.

The influence of the food value consumption type of MZ generation on food choice attribute and sustainable food consumption behavior was studied using structural equation modeling. A survey was conducted on April 11~17, 2022, among panels aged 20 to 39. A total of 350 valid replicates (100%) were analyzed using statistical program SPSS The validity of the measurement instrument was verified through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The data reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The hypothesis was verified by performing path analysis through structural equation modeling using AMOS. Regarding the influence of food choice characteristics on sustainable food consumption behavior, health has a significant positive (+) effect on the selection consumption behavior of certified food and local food. Among food value consumption categories social value consumption has a significant negative (－) influence on the consumption behavior of certified food and the choice of local food. Ethical value consumption has a significant positive (+) influence on the selection consumption behavior of certified food and local food. This study is significant because it has identified sustainable food consumption behaviors that domestic consumers can adopt daily. It can use as baseline data for preparing political and institutional measures.

이 연구에서는 단자유도 모델을 활용하여 비탄성 내풍설계를 수행하고, 다양한 이력거동 형태에 따른 풍방향 및 풍직각방향 비탄성 응답을 비교하였다. 풍방향 비탄성 거동은 풍방향 풍하중의 평균성분으로 인해 한 방향으로 손상이 누적되는 현상이 발생할 수 있으며, 잔류변형 역시 크게 발생할 수 있다. 비선형 시간이력 해석 결과 구조물의 항복강도를 증가시키거나 자기회복 이력거동을 적 용 시 이를 효과적으로 억제할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 풍직각방향의 응답은 이력거동에 따른 에너지소산에 큰 영향을 받았으며, 철 골구조와 이력거동이 우수한 콘크리트 구조물에서는 탄성응답보다도 더 작은 최대 응답이 나타났다.

This paper attempted to analyze the correlation between the risk image of the evacuees in the tunnel and the variables that affect the evacuation behavior due to the closed feeling. As to whether there is a difference in the level of recognizing the tunnel risk image according to the distribution of jobs, the null hypothesis was rejected at the significance probability of 0.002, so it can be said that the level of recognition of the tunnel risk image varies depending on the job group. In the distribution difference between gender and tunnel risk image recognition level, the significance probability was 0.012, indicating that the null hypothesis was rejected, indicating that the tunnel risk recognition distribution according to gender was different. As a result of analyzing the distribution difference between the tunnel's closed feeling and the tunnel risk perception level, the significance probability was 0.001, and the null hypothesis was rejected, indicating that there was a difference in the tunnel risk image level.