게임 개발에서 게임 설계는 특성상 표준화 및 정형화가 다른 소프트웨어 시스템 비해서 어렵고, 중요한 분야이다. 이는 게임의 가장 중요한 특징인 동적인 상황 표현이라는 점에 기인했다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 게임 개발 후 발생하는 잠재적인 오류를 최소화하기 위해서 상황 표현 방법을 제시한다. 제안하는 방법은 게임 개발에서 이상 현상을 최소화하기 위해서 상황 표현을 위한 계층적인 구조와 그들 사이의 관계를 인과 관계에 기반 해서 표현한다. 그리고 현재 연구 사례 및 이를 바탕으로 앞으로의 기술 발전 방향에 대해 살펴보고자 한다.

본 연구는 전이인자 Ac/Ds를 이용하여 세계적인 경쟁력을 갖춘 삽입변이 집단을 구축하고 Ds 삽입에 대한 분자학적 정보를 획득하여 database 화에 이용하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 또한 농업적 유용유전자들의 생물학적 기능을 구명하고 생명공학적 방법을 통하여 새로운 작물 창출에 활용하고자 한다. 본연구를 통하여 얻을 수 있는 자료와 정보는 벼의 유전자 기능분석을 보다 효율적으로 실시하고 유용 유전자를 선발하여 육종에 이용함과 아울러 또한 이들의 지적 소유권 획득에 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다. 1. T1 진전에 의한 대량 고정종자 생산 확보를 위해 Largescale screening 활용하고 발아 활력 유지를 위해 종자를 장기보존하였다. 그 결과 Ds Knockout 육종소재의 안정적 재료공급 체계 확립하였는데 종자 증식용 파종상의 규격화를 통한대량 증식 방법 확립였고 증식계통의 목적에 맞는 재배 방법채택을 통한 편의성을 증진하였다. 2. 변이체의 선발은 각 생육 시기별 변이체 특성검정 및 선발하였으며 2008년도에는 변이율이 5.15%를 보였으나 2009년에는 4.34%로 낮았으며 평균 4.75%의 변이율을 나타냈다. 2010년 증식계통은 생육이 불량하여 표현형 조사는 불가하여 바로 이앙하여 증식하였다. 특히 spotted leaf(spl)의 형태를 나타내는 변이형이 우점하였다. 유묘기의 Ds 증식 집단에서의 표현형 변이는 주로 엽록소 이상을 보이는 변이체가 많이 관찰되었다. 3. 흑미 삽입변이체의 종자특이 전사인자의 발현 분석을 수행하기 위하여 컴퓨터 분석법을 이용하여 흑미 종자의 안토시아닌 생합성 발현 유전자를 동정하고 안토시아닌 생합성 유전자의 발현 분석을 통한 합성 기작 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과 흑미 종자 삽입변이체 선발하였는데 115,000점의 Ac/Ds 삽입변이체 중 흑미 9계통을 선발하였다. 4. 흑미 종자의 유전자 발현 분석을 연구하기 위하여 Microarray 통계분석을 실시하였는데 672개의 안토시아닌 생합성 관련 유전자 중 전이인자 hyper-geometric 통계 분석으로 12개 전이인자 분류별 82개의 생합성 관련 전이인자 유전자 선발하였다. 5. 최근 기능유전체 연구의 효율을 높이기 위하여 변이체에대한 총체적인 해석과 함께 변이체의 표현형 변이와 삽입염기서열 분석의 연관성을 데이터 베이스화하는 이른바 Phenome 데이터베이스로 가는 추세이다. 이러한 Phenome 분석에 삽입변이집단의 데이터베이스가 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

The core idea of the critical regionalism could be summarized as a self-conscious synthesis between universal civilization and world culture. After World War Ⅱ, it has been applied to architecture for overcoming the problem of Industrial Capitalism and uniformity of 20th century Modern Architecture. Naturally, religious architecture cannot also be an exception in this cultural trend, thus we can also apply the critical regionalism to the Korean Catholic Church Architecture with the basic premise that the Traditional Western and Modern Style Church Architecture should be regarded as universal civilization, and the Traditional Korean Architecture and endemicity as one of world culture. In the context, this article attempts to analyze the regionality of Korean Modern Catholic Church Architecture constructed between the 19th century and 1980's, and how it has been differently transformed with the view of the critical regionalism. Its analysis will be carried out within three types; transformation of the Traditional Korean Architecture and the influence of Japanese Modern Architecture, representation of the Traditional Korean Architecture, and abstraction of the Traditional Korean Architecture with each advantages and disadvantages.

正如语言学家帕尔默所说的那样:语言背后是有东西的，而且语言不能离开文化而存在。熟語作为人们日常生活中使用最多最广泛的词语，通过汉语的熟語我们可以发觉到中华民族的文化特点。熟語的妙用不仅给日常生活和人际交往增添了一份诙谐，还在工作方面更有画龙点睛的作用。汉语熟語包括成语、谚语、俗语、格言、惯用语、歇后语等等，是语言中常用而定型的词组或成语句，在人们头脑中已经有了约定俗成的概念。汉语修辞手段的多样性，很大程度上打破了很多既有的语言规律。熟語被广泛地应用于各种领域，主要应用场合有品牌的名称及品牌的广告、日常交际。熟語的应用基于汉语本身的语音、构词特点，运用了谐音、替换、双关、联想、通感等等修辞手法，本文收集了常见的一些语料对熟語应用的场合以及运用的修辞方式进行了分析归类。本文以汉语学习者为对象，针对汉语熟語及其修辞表现的理解程度进行了调查、对汉语学习者对汉语熟語的理解增加了一分了解。 所以本文认为我们还需要更全面的、系统的、因人而异的汉语熟語及其修辞表现的教学。

내설악 전나무 자연림 임분구조를 좀 더 체계적으로 이해하기 위하여 종다양성 추정에 사용되는 Shannon-Weaver-Index를 응용한 Herles의 구조표현인자 다양성 계산 방법을 도입하여 12개의 임분을 조사하였다. 임분 구조 변화는 당연히 phase의 변화에 종속되지만 개개인자들 간의 연관에서 자연림의 특성이 재확인되었다. 우선 내설악 전나무 자연림의 구조는 표현인자 다양성의 결과에서 보이는 것처럼 다양성이 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 인자

개인화된 제품과 서비스에 대한 소비자의 요구는 성공적인 전자상거래 플랫폼을 기반으로 하고 있다. 성공적인 전자상거래 플랫폼을 개발함에 있어 자주 간과되고 있는 중요한 요소는 바로 웹 페이지의 HTML 구조이다. HTML 구조는 전자상거래 웹사이트의 속도와 랭킹을 결정짓는 기본적인 요소이다. 본 논문은 HTML 구조를 분석하기 위한 효율적이고 다소 생소한 시각화 기법을 제안하는데, 이러한 기법을 사용하여 개발자는 잠재적인 프로그래밍 오류와 개선 사항을 발

The purpose of this study was to investigate the underwear design shown in historical dramas set in Europe between the 16th and the 18th century, woman's bodies were highly restricted, in order to analyze the symbolism of the movie costume and provide basic data for the future education of the department of movie costume design. For a study method, literature relating to movie costumes and underwear as well as captured images from 29 historical dramas set in Europe between the 16th and the 18th century was reviewed. Among them, data from 17 movies where underwear and crinoline were observed was analyzed. Historical movies, set in the 18th century Europe exposed underwear more frequently and decisively than movies set in the 16th and 17th centuries. For the figure wearing underwear, its expression effect was maximized by the implication function of costumes. Underwear can easily express the time and space background and symbolize the character's social and economic position, attitudes, and values. In addition, the exposure of underwear can reveal characters' internal expressions, such as mental status, taste, temper, intention, mood, time and space display. The result of observing the underwear shown in movies reveals that underwear plays a subjective role in expressing ideal femininity as a woman of a particular age, modesty, social position symbolism and eroticism that depended on the situation. It is expected that the study will provide an opportunity to reconsider the function of underwear, which is different from the meaning of costume history, and its role as a means of communication by considering the change of underwear by age.

As a type of intimate architecture, fashion has always mediated the dialogue between clothes and the body, or fashion and figure. This study seeks to inquire the current aesthetic consciousness of the body and dress in Japanese avant-garde fashion and intends to research the features and meanings in the pastiche of Western sartorial convention in Japanese avant-garde fashion in order to examine the changing aesthetic attitude in postmodern fashion. The study investigates subjects of the fashion collections of the turn of the twenty-first century, when pastiche strategies frequently appeared in Japanese avant-garde fashion, through the methodology of literature research and case analysis. The results of the study are as follows: by developing the strategy of pastiche, Japanese avant-garde fashion exposes the defectiveness of the Western idea of the idealized and standardized body for mass productions, thus freeing design from its traditional confinement to the human body. Drawing on the re-conceptualization of the sartorial convention of Western tradition, Japanese avant-garde fashion designers tend to experiment with extreme exaggeration in form, refusing to subscribe to the traditional Western values built on the balance and symmetry of the body. Through the combination of the past and the present as well as the inner-wear as outerwear strategy, the historical pastiche challenges convention and symbolism, which results in the discord between signifiant and signifié of clothing.

This study intended to analyze the grunge look as a mode of expression and as a characteristic of the fashion of the 21st century, arguing that the look expressed not only an outward appearance or sub-culture but also a change in our attitude and spirit about contemporary fashion. In the study, I carried out an empirical analysis focused on the collection from 2001S/S to 2010F/W and a literature review. In my results, I classified the grunge look into the following categories: 1. mix and match layering; 2. patchwork, collages, and assemblage using all objects as well as clothing materials; and 3. distressing techniques, such as bleaching and dyeing, unweaving, and tears and holes. I also classified the characteristics of grunge into the following categories: 1. conspicuous destitution, which is intentionally expressed by skillful techniques and craftsmanship, indicating that modern people want to attract attention and be distinguished from others, which reflects an attitude of superiority through ironic fashion choices; 2. high lighting the dissolution of decoration, where destruction, poverty and recombination shown in the grunge look emerged as an artificial and intentional ugly aesthetic in contrast to the existing elegant and sophisticated image; and 3. satire and playfulness, as grunge expresses alienation and conflict in modern society through satire and sarcasm, not attacking or avoiding, but through playful and sarcastic engagement so as to decrease poverty and give temporary freedom.

The purpose for this paper is to categorize and analyze the aesthetic characteristics of graphic factors in contemporary fashion design by media source. Focused on play-instinct visual expression in contemporary fashion design and adopted media source following the way of communication design. A variety of literatures and online sites for graphic factors in contemporary fashion was studied. The standard of media source is classified as graphic media-source: photography media-source, typography media-source, illustration media-source. With this standard, expressed ways are as followings. First, graphic media-source in play-instinct expressional fashion design is mostly borrowing existed character or using designer’s brand logo. Second, photography media-source in play-instinct expressional fashion design is placed photograph of social issued people in front of shirt. Third, typography media-source in play-instinct expressional contemporary fashion design is mostly expressed social messages or designer’s name in brand. Fourth, illustration media-source is the best way to express play-instinct visual expression. Based on these, aesthetic characteristics of graphic factor in contemporary fashion by media source are classified as three: social words, playfulness and information transference. Frequency ratio using media source per aesthetic characteristics is different and these are able to categorize expression way and image feature. In conclusion, expressional way of graphic factors in contemporary fashion design became diverse as social and cultural changing. Frequency of graphic factor use in contemporary fashion is increased than before. This paper suggested that fashion design is one of the way of communicating with people and should be analyzed graphic factors in contemporary fashion design.

Business processes are often of long duration, and include internal worker's decision making, which makes business processes to be exposed to many exceptional situations. These properties of business processes makes it difficult to guarantee successful termination of business processes at the design phase. The behavioral properties of business processes mainly depends on the data aspects of business processes. To formalize the data aspect of process modeling, this paper proposes a graph-based model, called Data Dependency Graph (DDG), constructed from dependency relationships specified between business data. The paper also defines a mechanism of describing a set of mapping rules that generates a process model semantically equivalent to a DDG, which is accomplished by allocating data dependencies to component activities.

I had a chance to realize an aesthetic sense of the Chinese character, one of the elements of Chinese culture, from the structures of China Pavilion at Shanghai World Expo 2010. And I thought of the Chinese characters’cultural expressions in Chinese culture, especially in seal- engraving from that experience. Since then, I started to study on the aesthetic relations between the Chinese characters and the seal-engraving. This study is titled as “The aesthetic expressions of Chinese characters in China’s traditional seal-engraving”, and deals with the beauty of character forms and the beauty of undertone of Chinese characters from the viewpoint of seal-engraving. The Chinese characters have changed into various character forms through thousands of year. For instance, there are the Inscription on Animal Bones and Tortoise Shells, the Bronze Inscription, the Small Seal Script, the Official Script, the Wei Script, the Regular Script, the Running Script and the Grass Script (Cursive style). Among them, the Small Seal Script has the most various forms. Furthermore, the Small Seal Script is in the position that none of the characters can replace in seal-engraving, the character forms changed constantly and showed various senses of beauty. This study tries to analyze the beauty of characters shown on the front and sides of the seal with the understanding of the character forms and the rules of change. Also, this study tries to show the value of Chinese characters in China’s traditional arts from the viewpoint of seal-engraving. The seal-engraving looks small but creates a big art using the beauty of character forms, the inner beauty of characters, the arrangement of characters, the implications of characters and supplementary contents of sides of the seal. On the whole, the aesthetic value of the Chinese characters in the field of seal-engraving is examined in this study through the examples of typical ancient seals and picture materials.

공동체적 가치가 보다 중시되는 우리 사회에서는 정치적 표현의 영역에서조차 보호의 범위가 완벽하지 못한 실정이지만, 표현의 자유의 규범적 중요도를 훨씬 높게 바라보는 미국 사회에서는 상업적 표현까지도 정치적 표현 못지않은 보호를 받아야 한다는 주장이 존재한다. 개인이 중심이 된 전통적 자유주의(혹은 여기에서 더 나아간 자유지상주의)를 바탕으로 한 이 논리는 표현의 자유가 지향하여야 할 가치 중에서 개인의 자아실현을 최고의 것으로 꼽는다. 자본주의의 급격한 개인주의화 경향으로 나아가는 우리 사회 또한 앞으로 경험할 가능성이 높은 주제의 논의이다. 이 글에서는 이 입장의 대표적 주창자인 마틴 레디쉬(Martin Redish)의 자아실현에 기반한 자유주의 논리가 가지는 취약점을 고찰하여 상업적 표현의 절대적 보호론을 반박한다.

中国自古就誉为礼仪之邦，主要是因为中国人十分注重对别人的恭敬谦 让，这种传统的礼仪文化，集中体现在汉语中大量的敬词谦词雅语上。这些 敬谦词，有的至今还在使用，有的随着社会的发展产生了变化。敬谦词又是 构成敬语的主要组成部分。敬语是人际交往中不可忽视的用语，自古以来人 们使用敬语表达了自己对对方的敬意。本论文本着对汉语敬语的研究，着重 对构成敬语中的敬词进行了探讨。主要以第一部分,引言;第二部分，汉语 敬语中的敬词类型;第三部分，使用称谓敬词的敬语;第四部分，使用行为 敬词的敬语; 第五部分，结束语等五个部分，对现代汉语敬语中自古以来常 用的称谓敬词、行为敬词的传承及使用方法进行了阐述。语言作为人与人之 间相互交流的工具，可以反映一个人的个性修养和文化素质。勤用敬语可以 表达一方对另一方的信任和敬重。而使用敬语时必须要心口如一才能真正的 表达对对方的尊重及敬意。