하이테크놀로지를 여러 가지 다른 영역과 융합하고자 하는 노력이 다양한 연구 분야에서 시도되고 있으며, 스포츠웨 어를 개발함에 있어 운동선수의 운동능력을 향상시키기 위한 분야에 이러한 첨단 기술들이 도입되고 있다. 본 연구는 스포츠 훈련에 도움이 되는 동작 센싱 스마트 스포츠웨어를 개발하기 위한 기초 연구로서, 조정 동작 시 관절의 움직임 을 측정할 수 있는 동작 센서를 부착하기 위한 인체상의 최적 위치를 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 일관된 동작을 반복적으로 수행할때 관절의 변화가 큰 조정을 대상 스포츠로 선정하였으며, 조정 선수의 대표 체급인 중량급과 경량급의 피험자를 선정하여 동작에 따른 피부의 변화율을 측정하여 체급별 차이를 분석하였다. 먼저, 3차원 모션캡처 시스템을 이용하여 조정 동작 시 등, 팔꿈치, 엉덩이, 무릎 부위의 피부 변화를 촬영하고, 각 마커 간 거리의 변화율을 분석함으로써 체급에 따른 차이를 보이지 않으면서 동작에 따라 피부의 변화가 큰 부분을 인체 상에 도시하였 다. 이를 바탕으로 동작 센싱용 스마트 스포츠웨어를 위한 센서 부착의 가이드라인을 제시하였다.

In this paper, we analyze user's manipulation and reaction in an accelerometer-based game interface, as compared with a touch joystick-based game interface. To roll the ball, the user carefully grabs and adjusts the smartphone with both hands in the accelerometer-based game interface; while the user very quickly clicks the up, down, left, right, buttons in the touch joystick-based game interface, because it is already familiar to the user. The accelerometer-based game interface is relatively more immersive and interesting than the touch joystick-based game interface; because the user gets more desired results by elaborately operating the game with both hands rather than by clicking the buttons with the thumb.

SnO2:CNT thick films for gas sensors were fabricated by screen printing method on alumina substrates and were annealed at 300 oC in air. The nano SnO2 powders were prepared by solution reduction method using tin chloride (SnCl2.2H2O), hydrazine (N2H4) and NaOH. Nano SnO2:CNT sensing materials were prepared by ball-milling for 24h. The weight range of CNT addition on the SnO2 surface was from 0 to 10 %. The structural and morphological properties of these sensing material were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope. The structural properties of the SnO2:CNT sensing materials showed a tetragonal phase with (110), (101), and (211) dominant orientations. No XRD peaks corresponding to CNT were observed in the SnO2:CNT powders. The particle size of the SnO2:CNT sensing materials was about 5~10 nm. The sensing characteristics of the SnO2:CNT thick films for 5 ppm H2S gas were investigated by comparing the electrical resistance in air with that in the target gases of each sensor in a test box. The results showed that the maximum sensitivity of the SnO2:CNT gas sensors at room temperature was observed when the CNT concentration was 8wt%.

The study analyzed performance assessment factors of VOCs odor sensors from 3 different manufacturers, such as minimum detection limit, humidity stability and temperature stability. Through the minimum detection limit assessment, it was found that a VOCs sensor was able to detect TVOCs at the concentration of 5 ppb. The standard deviation ratio was over 10%, and it increased as humidity rose. The range of temperatures in which the VOCs odor sensor using photoionization could operate was between 25oC and 40oC, and the sensor output values were unstable at low temperatures. In terms of the temperature stability of the metal oxide semiconductor sensor for measuring complex odors, the sensor output values dropped considerably to 0~10oC, and were similar to the concentrations of odorous gases generated at 25oC. The results of the test of VOCs odor sensor outputs after temperature and humidity pre-treatment revealed that the respective stable output values at 50% humidity and 25oC were similar to the concentrations of manufactured odors. In terms of temperature and humidity stability of the VOCs odor sensors, all target VOCs substances had stable output values at 25oC to 40oC and at 50% to 65% relative humidities, and unstable values at low temperatures and high humidities. Therefore, the implementation of pre-treatment systems including temperature and humidity correction (25~40oC, 50~65% RH) is required for the stable use of VOCs odor sensors.

Measuring the exact cable tension force is important to cable supported bridge under construction and on service. This study was planned to propose EM(electro-magnetic) sensor-based method for measuring the tension force of MS(multi-strand) cable in cable-stayed and extradosed bridge. The tension force in each strand is the same due to MS cable construction using Iso-tensioning system. Therefore, In this prosed method, EM sensor was installed directly at a strand and the measurement model was established for estimating the tension force of strand via EM sensor by experiments. The measurement model was derived from the relation of tension force and magnetic permeability. Also, the magnetic permeability is shown to be different according to the magnetization characteristic of 1860MPa and 2200MPa high-strength strand. The difference is increased as tension force increases. Additional experiment was conducted to verify the measurement model. As a result, the distribution of strand tension calculated upon the EM sensor is similar to those of tension measured by load cell. This proposed approach can be an effective tool for monitoring and measuring the cable force of MS cable.

풍하중에 취약하며, 모니터링에 다양한 모드가 고려되어야하는 초고층 빌딩에서 최적 센서의 위치 및 최적 개수를 결정하는 문제는 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 고층빌딩의 모니터링을 위한 센서의 최적 개수 및 최적 위치의 결정 방법에 대해 제안한다. Kammer에 의해 제안된 유효영향법(Effective Influence Method)을 이용하여 특정 수의 센서가 설치될 최적의 위치를 결정하며, 추정 모드형상의 정확도에 관한 모니터링 목표 수준을 달성할 수 있는 최소의 센서수를 결정한다. 제안된 알고리즘의 사례연구로 25층의 건 물모형인 켄틸레버 구조물을 선정하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 해석 결과 센서의 최적 위치 및 최적 개수, 계측 가능한 모드는 합리적으로 결정되는 것을 확인하였다.

Fabrication of iron oxide/carbon nanotube composite structures for detection of ammonia gas at room temperature is reported. The iron oxide/carbon nanotube composite structures are fabricated by in situ co-arc-discharge method using a graphite source with varying numbers of iron wires inserted. The composite structures reveal higher response signals at room temperature than at high temperatures. As the number of iron wires inserted increased, the volume of carbon nanotubes and iron nanoparticles produced increased. The oxidation condition of the composite structures varied the carbon nanotube/iron oxide ratio in the structure and, consequently, the resistance of the structures and, finally, the ammonia gas sensing performance. The highest sensor performance was realized with 500 oC/2 h oxidation heat-treatment condition, in which most of the carbon nanotubes were removed from the composite and iron oxide played the main role of ammonia sensing. The response signal level was 62% at room temperature. We also found that UV irradiation enhances the sensing response with reduced recovery time.

Taste substances are recognized by gustatory sensory neurons that express putative seven transmembrane proteins in the gustatory receptor (Gr) family. However, the gustatory tuning of the molecular receptors encoded by these gustatory receptor genes remains unknown in honey bees. Here we first functionally characterize a gustatory receptor responding to umami taste L-amino acids in the western honey bee, Apis mellifera. Using Ca2+ imaging assay and two-voltage clamp recording, we first report that one of the gustatory receptors of honeybee, AmGr10, functions as a selectively tuned amino acid receptor in taste neurons. In addition, we report a floating electrode-based bioelectronic tongue mimicking honeybee taste systems for the detection and discrimination of umami substances. This floating electrode-based bioelectronic tongue mimicking insect taste systems can be a powerful platform for various applications such as food screening, and it also can provide valuable insights on insect taste systems.

비순환식 고형배지경에서 배액이 토양과 지하수 오염을 발생시키는 문제를 해결하고자 그동안 연구된 데이터를 바탕으로 배액 최소화 재배방식을 확립을 위해 본 연구는 토마토 코이어 수경재배농가 시설에서 FDR 센서, 적산일사량 센서 및 타이머를 이용하여 토마토를 재배하며 급배액량, 생육 및 생산량을 비교하였다. 정식 후 88일까지 일일 식물체당 평균 급액량은 처리구에 따른 큰 차이가 없었다. 하지만 정식 후 88일 이후 107일 까지 TIMER, FDR, IR 제어구 각각의 일일 식물체당 평균 급액량은 IR(2125mL) > TIMER(2063mL) > FDR(1983mL) 수준이었고 108일부터 120일 까지는 IR(2000mL) > TIMER(1664mL) > FDR(1500mL) 수준 이었다. 배액률은 TIMER 제어구의 경우 5~12%, FDR 센서 제어구의 경우 0~7%, IR 제어구의 경우 12~19% 수준으로 IR > TIMER > FDR 순이었다. 정식 후 88일 이후부터는 FDR과 IR 제어구가 급액량에 상이한 결과를 보였는데, 이는 재배 후기 즉, 5월 20일 이후 (정식 후 94일) 누적일사량의 증가로, IR 제어구에서는 급액이 증가된 반면 FDR 센서 처리구는 적심 이후 30일이 경과된 6월 2일경부터 IR 제어구 보다 일일 급액량이 평균 500mL 적게 공급된 결과이다. 식물체 생육 및 상품과 수량도 급액방식에 따른 통계적 유의차는 없었지만, 당도는 FDR 처리구에서 TIMER 처리구에 비해 약 11%, IR 처리구에 비해 약 18% 높았다.

The correlation analysis between odor sensor and air dilution olfactometry method with odor emission facilities was performed for the real-time evaluation of odor emitted from the 13 facilities. The total correlation was less significant for all facilities due to various emission characteristics of odor. The correlation for the individual facility, however, showed a higher correlation coefficient (R=0.7371~0.9897). Especially, the strong correlation (above 0.9) was observed for the industry type with the odor characteristics like tobacco, styrofoam, acetic acid, and burning smell. The repeated odor measurements using the odor sensor showed good reproducibility with the mean relative standard deviation of 5.06%. The odor sensor could be useful tools for identifying and evaluating odor with an olfactometry in field, if the use and proofreading of the odor sensor are improved by a standardized method.

The study analyzed performance assessment factors of odor sensors from 4 different manufacturers, including minimum detection limit, humidity stability and temperature stability. In the minimum detection limit assessment, only one electrochemical gas sensor was able to detect ammonia and hydrogen sulfide at the concentration of 5 ppb. The standard deviation ratio was over 10%, and it increased as humidity rose. The range of temperatures in which the electrochemical and photoionization gas sensors could function well was between 25oC and 40oC, and the sensor output values were unstable at low temperatures. Regarding the temperature stability of the metal oxide semiconductor sensor for measuring complex odors, the sensor output values dropped considerably to 0~10oC, and were similar to the concentrations of odor gases generated at 25oC. The results of the test of odor sensor outputs after temperature and humidity pre-treatment revealed that the respective stable output values at 50% humidity and 25oC were similar to the concentrations of manufactured odors. In terms of temperature and humidity stability of the NH3, H2S and Complex odor sensors, all target substances had stable output values at 25~40oC and 50~65% relative humidity, and unstable values at low temperatures and high humidity. Therefore, implementing pretreatment systems including temperature and humidity correction (25~40oC, 50~65% RH) is necessary for the stable use of odor sensors.

In this study, an acceleration sensor that has optical fibers to measure the inclination and acceleration of a structure through contradictory changes in two-component FBG sensors was examined. The proposed method was to ensure precise measurement through the unification of the deformation rate sensor and the angular displacement sensor. A high sensitivity three-axis accelerometer was designed and prepared using this method. To verify the accuracy of the accelerometer, the change in wavelength according to temperature and tension was tested. Then, the change in wavelength of the prepared accelerometer according to the sensor angle, and that of the sensor according to the change in ambient temperature were measured. According to the test results on the FBG-based vibration sensor that was developed using a high-speed vibrator, the range in measurement was 0.7 g or more, wavelength sensitivity, 2150 pm/g or more, and the change in wavelength change, 9.5 pm/℃.

프리스트레스(PS) 긴장재의 긴장력 관리는 거더 성능관리에 있어 매우 중요한 항목이나 현재는 시공시 설계 긴장력의 도입 여부만을 검증한 후 공용시에는 그 관리가 이루어지지 않는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 PSC 거더의 제작단계에서부터 공용시까지 생애주기 동안의 긴장력 관리가 가능한 PSC 거더를 제안하기 위한 기초 연구로서, 현재의 기술수준으로 사용 가능한 센서들을 이용하여 PS 긴장력을 측정하는 실험 연구를 수행하였다. 소규모 거더를 제작하여 4종류의 센서를 설치하였고, 긴장력을 도입하면서 각 센서들의 적용성과 정확성을 평가하였다. 실험결과에 따르면, 중공로드셀은 편심하중이 작용하는 경우 기준값보다 하중을 높게 평가하는 경향이 있었다. EM 센서는 실용이 가능한 정확도를 보여주었으며, 콘크리트 내부의 긴장재를 따라 어느 위치에서도 설치할 수 있다.