To study effects of wild garlic on components of lipid and protein, blood glucose level, and cholinesterase activity in rat's serum, Sprague-Dawley strain of 40 male rats are divided into 5 groups which are Normal, Control, A, B, and C group. Normal group is fed only Basal diet, and Control group is fed Basal diet and 0.5ml/day of 2.5% cholesterol solution, In addition to a diet of control group, A group is fed 25% wild garlic flour, B group 0.5ml/2day of concentratded wild garlic juice, C group 0.5ml/2day of concentrated ethanol extract of wild garlic, After 8 weesk the rats were fasted for 12 hours, and then decapitated to collect blood. The results of analysis of the rat's serum were summarized as follows, 1. Wild garlic diet, specially ethanol extract has an influence on decreasing the level of total cholesterol and blood glucose in rat's serum, 2. HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid content of rat's serum are increased by wild garlic diet. Therefore I think that wild garlic is good food for preventing development of atherosclerosis and diabetes.

The study was accomplished to know the effects of garlic on body weight, and serum lipid, protein and glucose in male rats. The rats applied in this study were Sprague-Dawley strain of 42. In addition to basal diet, they were fed together raw garlic juice or ethanol garlic extract with 2.5% cholesterol solution solved by corn oil for 8 weeks respectively. These results were as follows. 1. The growth rate and efficiency ratio appeared to be more increased in ethanol garlic extract groups than in raw garlic juice groups. 2. The content of serum total cholesterol appeared to be the most decreased in 0.4ml ethanol garlic extract group. 3. The level of serum HDL-cholesterol had a tendency to be increased in all garlic groups. 4. Albumin/Globulin ratio appeared to be more decreased in raw garlic juice groups than in ethanol gar lie extract groups. 5. The level of serum glucose appeared to be more decreased in ethanol garlic extract groups than in raw garlic juice groups. Therefore we think that garlic is able to have an effect on atherosclerosis and diabetes.

1986년부터 1988년까지 3년 동안 우리나라 주변 해역에서 발생한 1680건의 해난사고를 주성분분석법에 의한 전산프로그램을 작성하여 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 해난사고의 주된 원인은 운항부주의, 기관 정비불량 등 인적요인에 있으며, 사고유형으로서는 기관고장이, 선종으로서는 어선이 특히 해난사고의 큰 비중을 차지한다. 2. 어선, 관공선의 경우에는 기관고장이나 추진기장애 등이 경미한 해난사고가 많은 경향인데 비해 화물선, 여객선, 유조선의 경우에는 좌초, 충돌, 전복, 침수 등 재산과 인명의 피해가 큰 대형해난사고가 많은 경향이다. 3. 대형해난사고 중 좌초, 충돌, 전복 등은 그 주된 원인이 운항부주의에 있고, 침수의 경우는 재질구조결함에 기인하는 바가 크다.

1980년부터 1985년까지 6년 간의 우리나라 해난사고 중 기관손상사고를 발췌하여 주성분분석법에 의하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 여러 가지의 기관손상사고 중 축계, 실린더 계통 및 추진기의 손상사고율이 매우 높은 비중을 차지하고 있다. 2. 치차, 실린더 계통의 손상은 재질불량, 노후마모 등의 기계적 원인에 의한 사고율이 높으며 추진기, 각종 관계통의 사고는 취급 부주의, 불완전 수리 등 soft적인 원인에 의한 경우가 많다. 3. 치차, 축계 등의 사고는 매우 중손이며 관계통이나 추진기 사고는 비교적 경손이다. 4. 대부분의 사고는 인간의 실수, 부주의 등 soft적인 원인에 의하여 발생한다.

Several authors reported that vegetable proteins cause to decrease serum cholesterol and reported the effect of limiting amino acid balance in dietary protein on the blood component. This study was designed to observe growth rate and blood component in 1% cholesterol-fed male rats intake pure isolated soy proteins and methionine for 4 weeks. The diets were supplemented with either 20% casein or isolated soy protein as dietary protein sources and methionine as limiting amino acid of isolated soy protein and casein protein. The results were as follows; 1) The body weight gain was the greatest in casein groups. 2) Serum total cholesterol concentration was significantly increased by casein groups and slightly decreased by isolated soy protein groups. 3) Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly increased by isolated soy protein groups than control group. 4) Serum total lipid and triglyceride concentrations were significantly decreased by isolated soy protein groups than control group. 5) Serum glucose concentration was significantly increased by isolated soy protein plus 0.8% methionine than control group. 6) Serum total protein and albumin concentrations were significantly increased by all experimental diets groups than control group. Especially, casein groups were the most increased in all experimental diets groups.

이상의 연구로부터 결론은 아래와 같다. 1. 점성저항과 조파저항 성분의 상호작용에 대한 어떤 측정 근거를 산출하였다. 2. Froude의 가정 ∂C sub(t)/∂R-dC sub(f)/∂R은 부정확하다는 것을 밝혀둔다. 3. 거친 표면을 가지는 모형선에 대한, 상응하는 결과는, 완전히 다른 결론을 산출할 것이라고 기대한다. 4. 다른 기하학적 동일선의 결과에 기본 마찰곡선을 적용하여 이와 같은 연구를 반복하는 것이 가능하다는 것을 남겨둔다.

Weibull analyses given to the initial mass function (IMF) deduced by Miller and Scalo (1979) have shown that the mass dependence of IMF is an exp [ − α m ] - form in low mass range while in the high mass range it assumes an exp [ − α √ m ] / √ m -form with the break-up being at about the solar mass. Various astrophysical reasonings are given for identifying the exp [ − α m ] and exp [ − α √ m ] / √ m with halo and disk star characteristics, respectively. The physical conditions during the halo formation were such that low mass stars were preferentially formed and those in the disk high mass stars favoured. The two component nature of IMF is in general accord with the dichotomies in various stellar properties.

The purpose of this study is to examine the possibilities of use as a factor of the water landscape in modern urban spaces such as parks and, apartments, through a case study of the concept, functions, and culture of moats in the East and West from ancient times to the Middle Ages. This study aimed to examine the concept, origin, and function of the moat as a theoretical consideration. Asian castles with moats, including those in Korea, China and Japan, and Western castles with moats in Britain, France, Belgium, and Germany were investigated and analyzed. By reflecting on these cultures and the functions of the moat in modern urban spaces and converting the environment damaged due to industrialization and urbanization into an eco-friendly and environment symbiotic city the quality of life can be improved, and sustainable development can be achieved. This study was conducted through a literature survey and field investigation.

본 연구에서는 쓴메밀 74개 유전자원의 종자 표현형 및 화학 형과 관련된 8개 주요형질을 평가하였으며, 그 결과를 바탕으로 주성분분석 및 군집분석을 수행하였다. 또한 rutin 고함유 자원 등 기능성 쓴메밀 육성재료로 활용가능한 유망 유전자원을 선발하였다. 쓴메밀 유전자원의 종자크기는 일반메밀보다 작은 평균 5.2 × 3.4 ㎜였으며, 종피색은 흑갈색이 45.9%로 가장 많았다. 종자모양은 달갈형과 타원형이 주를 이루었다. 쓴메밀 종자의 유용성분 평균 함량은 rutin이 1,393 ㎎/100 g DW였다. Flavonoid 함량 범위는 253-2,669 ㎎/100 g이었으며, polyphenol 함량 범위는 209-1,823 ㎎/100 g 으로 나타냈다. 쓴메밀 유전자원의 주성분 분석 결과, 제3주성분까지 적용하였을 때 전체 분산의 68.55%를 설명할 수 있었다. 제1주성분에는 rutin, flavonoid 및 polyphenol, 제2주성분에서는 종자길이, 제3주성분에서는 종자폭의 비중이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 5개의 군집으로 구분할 수 있었으며, 유전자원을 구분하는 가장 중요한 형질로는 rutin, flavonoid 및 polyphenol이었다. 쓴메밀 유전 자원 중 5개 자원(HLB1004, HLB1005, HLB1007, HLB1009, HLB1013)이 높은 rutin 함량을 보였으며, 이러한 유용자원들은 향후 기능성 육종소재 개발에 효과적으로 활용가능할 것으로 기대된다.

Typhoons are a major threat to Korea and many parts of the world. Typhoons can cause loss of life, damage to buildings, industry and infrastructure. In order to objectively and quantitatively assess the risk presented by typhoons and other natural hazards, catastrophe models are often used, especially in the insurance industry. Catastrophe models determine the probability of occurrence of natural hazards at target locations, along with associated damage and other impacts. Catastrophe models can also be designed to estimate the financial cost of the natural hazard. As Korea’s insurance industry develops and grows, catastrophe models focused on Korea will be needed. We have initiated a project to develop a catastrophe model for Korea. The first phase of this project is to develop the natural hazard component which estimates the probability of storm tracks and associated wind speeds impacting the Korean peninsula and islands. We discuss a preliminary prototype of natural hazard component of the model in this paper.

The conventional development of multi-component electrodes is based on the researcher's experience and is based on trial and error. Therefore, there is a need for a scientific method to reduce the time and economic losses thereof and systematize the mixing of electrode components. In this study, we use design of mixture experiments (DOME)- in particular a simplex lattice design with Design Expert◯R program- to attempt to find an optimum mixing ratio for a three-component electrode for the high RNO degradation; RNO is an indictor of OH radical formation. The experiment included 12 experimental points with 2 center replicates for 3 different independent variables (with the molar ratio of Ru, Ti, Ir). As the Prob > F value of the ‘Quadratic’ model is 0.0026, the secondary model was found to be suitable. Applying the molar ratio of the electrode components to the corrected response model results is an RNO removal efficiency (%) = 59.89 × [Ru] + 9.78 × [Ti] + 67.03 × [Ir] + 66.38 × [Ru] × [Ir] + 132.86 × [Ti] × [Ir]. The R2 value of the equation is 0.9374 after the error term is excluded. The optimized formulation of the ternary electrode for an high RNO degradation was acquired when the molar ratio of Ru 0.100, Ti 0.200, Ir 0.700 (desirability d value, 1).

본 연구는 충청북도농업기술원 대추연구소에서 보유 중인 대추 유전자원 중 형태적 다형성을 나타내는 ‘일본’과 주요 대추 유전자원의 형태형질을 조사하고, 대추 육종 소재로서 ‘일본’의 가능성을 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. ‘일본’은 주요 대추 유전 자원과 비교하여 엽과 과실의 크기가 뚜렷하게 작고 당도가 낮았다. 하지만 과실에 폴리페놀 함량이 가장 높았으며, 항산화 능력 또한 가장 높았다. 또한 ‘일본’은 종자형성능이 가장 높았다. 대추 유전자원들의 형태형질을 이용하여 분석한 결과, 지리적 기원에 따라 유전자원들이 분류되었다. 특히 ‘일본’은 한국 및 중국 유전자원들과 명확히 구분되었다. 따라서 종자형성능이 우수하고 기능성 성분이 높은 ‘일본’은 추후 대추 유전연구 및 교배육종을 통한 품종 육성에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

최근 선박의 배기가스 규제가 강화되면서 연료소비량을 저감하기 위한 많은 방안들이 검토되고 있다. 그중에서도 선박으로부터 수 집한 데이터를 활용하여 연료소모량을 예측하는 기계학습 모델을 개발하고자 하는 연구가 활발히 수행되고 있다. 하지만 많은 연구들이 학습 모델의 주요 변수 선정이나 수집데이터의 처리 방법에 대한 고려가 미흡하였으며, 무분별한 데이터의 활용은 변수 간의 다중공선성 문제를 야기할 수도 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 주성분 분석을 이용하여 선박의 연료소비를 예측하는 방법을 제시하였다. 13K TEU 컨테이너 선박의 운항데이터에 주성분 분석을 수행하였으며, 추출한 주성분으로 회귀분석을 수행하여 연료소비 예측모델을 구현하 였다. 평가용 데이터에 대한 모델의 설명력은 82.99%이었으며, 이러한 예측모델은 항해 계획 수립 시 운항자의 의사결정을 지원하고 항해 중 에너지 효율적인 운항상태 모니터링에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

필댐의 경우 일반적으로 저수위, 간극수압계, 누수량계 및 정상침하계 등을 이용하여 안전관리를 수행하고 있다. 상기 계측기의 설치 목적은 대부분 공사 중 안정성과 관련 있지만 댐 완공 후 관리중인 시점에서는 주로 계측기의 경시변화만 분석하여 그 활용도가 저하되었다. 따라서 본 연구로 주성분 분석을 통해 저수위-간극수압계의 상관성은 높은 것으로 나타났고 간극수압계 그룹 내에서의 상호 상관관계로부터 그룹 내 계측기들이 상호대체 될 수 있는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 향후 미계측 값의 추정 및 이상값 제거를 위한 유용한 정보로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

2016년 원자력안전위원회는 스트레스테스트 추진계획 및 수행지침을 확정하였으며, 극한 자연재해에 대한 구조물 · 계통 · 기기 건전성 평가 시 현장점검을 실시하여 지진건전성에 영향을 줄 수 있는 변형 또는 상태 변화 발생여부를 확인하도록 하고 있다. 지진 현장점검은 ASME/ANS PRA Standard-2009 또는 EPRI NP-6041에서 제시한 방법을 활용하도록 하고 있다. 가동원전 스트레스테스트 수행 시 지진 현장점검은 극한자연재해에 대한 구조물 · 계통 · 기기 건전성 평가를 위해 필수적으로 수행되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 국내 가동원전에 대한 구조물·계통 · 기기의 지진 현장점검 방법에 대해 기술하였다.

In this study, for the assesment of the seismic performance of a riser pipe with groove joints, in-plane cyclic loading tests were conducted using the pipe installation method suggested by NFPA13 and the allowable side sway of KBC. In addition, elbow and tee, which are weak parts of piping system, were separated and component test was performed under the same conditions.

Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) is a traditional medicinal herb especially in Korea. It contains pyranocoumarins, which are major active components including decursin (D) and decursinol angelate (DA). This study was carried out to determine the change in active component content and antioxidant activity depending on the root diameter of AGN. Several processing steps are involved to use AGN roots as medicine. The dried AGN roots are divided into body (B), thick root (TkR), medium root (MR) and thin root (TnR) according to their diameter before cutting into medicine. The recovery rates of each root parts per 100 ㎏ were measured as 32.3±2.5, 9.0±1.0, 39.3±2.1 and 15.0±1.0%, respectively and the mean diameters were measured as 51.95±4.55, 7.05±0.89, 2.88±0.49 and 1.57±0.32 ㎜. Two index components, D and DA, were analyzed. The change of both D and DA content showed a similar tendency. Both D and DA content were increased as the root diameter decreased (higher in TnR). In addition, antioxidant activity was higher in B and TnR, and lower in TkR and MR than control. This study showed that the thinner the root diameter, the higher the D and DA content in AGN roots and that TnR has excellent antioxidant activity compared to other root parts, suggesting that the thinner root part of AGN could be used as a potential material.

This paper presents the design guidance of steel-plate concrete(SC) wall with the tie-bar component in the external and internal construction technology. AISC N690 Appendix N9 in U.S and KEPIC SNG (2010) in Korea are new design guidance for SC structure of nuclear power plant.

Background : Miscanthus sinensis is a diploid hybrid and a temperate, perennial, cross-pollinating grass used as bioenergy plant, biomass production and high quality cellulose and ethanol production. This study was to carried out to investigate the expression of MsCOMT gene and the variation of lignocellulosic component and phenolic compounds contents in transgenic plants. Methods and Results : Multiple bands were detected from the homologous region of the COMT gene in PCR analysis. In order to obtain more detailed results, putative transgenic lines were estimated by RT-PCR analysis to confirm the expression of mRNA. Also, analysis of the lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and phenolic compound contents of transgenic Miscanthus plants were performed. Total lignin content of transgenic plants was lower than that of the control plant due to reduced caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene expression related to lignin production. Cellulose and hemicellulose contents in transgenic plants were not increased. Variation in cellulose and hemicellulose contents had no correlation with variation in lignin content of transgenic plants. Conclusion : In conclusion, transgenic M. sinensis was obtained with down-regulated COMT gene. Lignin synthesis was decreased what offers possibility of crop modification for facilitated biofuel production.

Background : Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) is a perennial plant found in East Asian countries and an crucial medicinal herb especially in Korea. It contains several chemicals like pyranocoumarins, which are major active components including decursin (D) and decursinol angelate (DA), essential oils and polyacetylenes. This study was carried out to determine the change in active components depending on the root diameter of AGN. Methods and Results : Several processing steps are involved to use AGN roots as medicine. The dried AGN roots are divided into body (B), thick root (TkR), medium root (MR) and thin root (TnR) according to their diameter before cutting into medicine. Among them, B and TkR are mainly used as medicine. The mean diameter of dried each root part (B, TkR, MR, TnR) were measured as 51.95, 7.05, 2.88, and 1.57 ㎜, respectively. The water content of each root part was slightly reduced depending on the size of the diameter (higher in B). In addition, the two active components, D and DA, were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The change of both D and DA content showed a similar tendency. Both D and DA content were increased as the root diameter decreased (higher in TnR). Conclusion : This study showed that the thinner the root diameter, the higher the D and DA content in AGN roots, suggesting that the thinner root parts of AGN could be used as potential materials.